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Viral Hepatitis
Expert Reviews Ltd, April 2009, Pages: 133
Hepatitis is the acute or chronic inflammation of the liver and can be subclinical before becoming symptomatic. The cause of hepatitis varies and can involve hepatotrophic viruses, alcohol, certain drugs and toxins, metabolic disorders and autoimmunity. Most cases of acute hepatitis are caused by viruses. Although 95% of viral hepatitis cases are due to hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses, several other viruses, such as herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, yellow fever virus and adenoviruses, can also affect the liver and cause hepatitis.
Acute viral hepatitis often resolves itself and less than 0.3% of patients develop liver failure and die. However, hepatitis B and C are usually chronic and are the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In the USA, there are more than 5 million chronic viral hepatitis patients, approximately 20% of whom are at risk of developing liver cancer. Worldwide, it is estimated that half a million people (i.e., one in 12) are infected chronically with either hepatitis B or C, yet there seems to be a lack of awareness from governments to deal with the situation.
This Special Focus Issue of the peer-reviewed journal Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, aims to update readers with the current management of infections with HBV and HCV, the two most clinically important viruses.
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