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Biofuels Production
First Research, Aug 2009, Pages: 10
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Executive Summary
Brief Excerpt from Industry Overview Chapter:
The US biofuels industry includes about 200 companies with combined annual revenue of about $3 billion. Major companies include BP, Cargill, and Chevron.
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
Demand is driven by federal legislation and regulations that establish a government-mandated market for biofuels. The profitability of biofuel production facilities depends on prices of gas and diesel, which fluctuate based on world petroleum demand and domestic refinery utilization. Economies of scale in ethanol production are limited due to the transportation costs associated with gathering feedstocks (corn and other biomasses) and transporting the ethanol to blending sites. As a result, large companies operate multiple production facilities. Small companies can compete effectively by developing business relations with distributors and being able to assure delivery consistently. The industry is capital-intensive: annual revenue per employee in ethanol production facilities is about $1 million.
Biofuels is a young industry that has grown rapidly. New entrants join the field constantly and new technology breakthroughs are frequent. Federal and state government subsidies and loan guarantees keep barriers to entry relatively low.
PRODUCTS, OPERATIONS & TECHNOLOGY
The major products of the biofuels industry are ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol makes up over 90 percent of current US biofuels production of about 4 billion gallons per year.
Ethanol production requires corn or other high-starch grains, water, chemicals, enzymes and yeast, and denaturants such as unleaded gas. In the dry milling process (used for about 80 percent of production), corn ...
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