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Stationary Fuel Cells Market Opportunities and Forecasts, 2002 to 2007
WinterGreen Research, Inc., Pages: 200
Stationary Fuel Cell Executive Summary.
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Segmentation. ES-1
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Driving Forces. ES-2
Stationary Fuel Cell Markets. ES-3
1. Fuel Cell Market Description..
1.1 Fuel Cell Operation. 1-1
1.2 Fuel Cells Definition. 1-2
1.3 Fuel Cell Operation. 1-5
1.3.1 Inconsistency Of Cell Performance. 1-6
1.3.2 Fuel Cell Performance Improvements. 1-6
1.4 Producing Electricity Traditionally. 1-7
1.5 Fuel Environmental Issues. 1-8
1.6 Industrialization Requires Sustainable, Highly Efficient Energy. 1-11
1.7 Petroleum 1-12
1.8 Battery Description. 1-14
1.9 Environmental Benefits Of Using Fuel Cell Technology. 1-15
1.10 Fuel Cell Functional Characteristics. 1-17
1.11 Water In A Fuel Cell System.. 1-19
1.12 Power Of A Fuel Cell 1-21
1.12.1 Gas Control 1-21
1.12.2 Temperature Control 1-22
1.13 Impact Of Deregulation. 1-22
1.14 Excess Domestic Capacity. 1-22
1.15 Power Failures. 1-23
1.16 Laws And Regulations. 1-24
1.16.1 Energy Tax Policy Act To Provide Fuel Cell Credits. 1-24
1.16.2 Department Of Energy Invests In Energy Efficient Technology. 1-25
1.16.3 White House Energy Plan, Incentives For Hydrogen And Fuel Cells. 1-25
1.16.4 U.S. Fuel Cell Council 1-26
1.16.5 GTL Designated Alternative Fuel 1-26
1.16.6 ARB ZEV Incentive Program Guidelines. 1-26
2. Stationary Fuel Cell Market Opportunities And Market Forecasts..
2.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Segmentation. 2-1
2.2 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Driving Forces. 2-2
2.3 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Response To Existing Conditions. 2-5
2.3.1 Cost Of Power Disturbances. 2-6
2.4 Stationary Fuel Cell Markets. 2-7
2.5 Utility Stationary Fuel Cell Markets. 2-11
2.5.1 Utility Fuel Cell Market Participants. 2-11
2.5.2 UTC Fuel Cells (UTC) 2-12
2.5.3 UTC Fuel Cell Installed Base. 2-12
2.5.4 Ballard Generation Systems. 2-14
2.5.5 Siemens Westinghouse. 2-14
2.5.6 Other Fuel Cell Market Participants. 2-15
2.5.7 Utility Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares. 2-16
2.5.8 Utility Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts. 2-16
2.5.9 Costs Of Fuel Cell Systems. 2-23
2.5.10 Costs Of Hydrogen Compressor, Storage Unit, And Dispensers For Fuel Cell Systems. 2-25
2.5.11 Stationary Power Plant Fuel Cells. 2-27
2.6 Fuel Cell Campus And Residential Market Analysis. 2-27
2.7 Fuel Cell Campus Market Share Analysis. 2-29
2.7.1 Plug Power 2-30
2.7.2 Plug Power Pilot Projects. 2-33
2.7.3 DuPont Fuel Cell Business Unit 2-33
2.8 Campus Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts. 2-33
2.9 Residential Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts. 2-36
2.10 Fuel Cell Regional Analysis. 2-39
2.11 Fuel Cell Trials. 2-42
2.11.1 Selected New Projects. 2-43
2.11.2 FuelCell Energy. 2-44
2.12 Electric Utility Industry. 2-44
2.12.1 Global Electricity Business. 2-46
2.12.2 Changes In The Electricity Distribution Model 2-46
2.12.3 Electricity Market Regional Analysis. 2-47
3. Fuel Cell Product Descriptions..
3.1 Fuel Cell Product Categories. 3-1
3.2 Fuel Cell Materials Categories. 3-17
3.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 3-17
3.3.1 SOFC Structure. 3-22
3.3.2 Super High Efficiency Power Generation - Hybrid SOFC-MTG.. 3-22
3.3.3 Analyses Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems And Cycles. 3-22
3.3.4 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited SOFC.. 3-23
3.3.5 Hydrovolt Energy. 3-24
3.3.6 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 3-25
3.3.7 Siemens Westinghouse Power 25 Kw Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 3-26
3.3.8 Siemens Hybrid Plant 3-27
3.3.9 Siemens SOFC/Microturbine Hybrid System.. 3-29
3.3.10 FCT, Siemens Team Up. 3-31
3.3.11 SOFC Design for Mid-Range Temperatures. 3-33
3.3.12 Global Thermal Electric SOFC.. 3-33
3.3.13 Ceramic Fuel Cells LPG-Fueled System.. 3-33
3.4 The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell 3-34
3.4.1 FuelCell Energy. 3-35
3.5 The Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell 3-37
3.6 Alkaline Fuel Cell 3-38
3.7 Solid Polymer Membrane Fuel Cell 3-39
3.7.1 General Electric Solid Polymer Fuel Cell 3-39
3.7.2 Ballards Solid Polymer Fuel Cell 3-40
3.8 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell 3-40
3.8.1 H Power 3-40
3.9 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. 3-41
3.9.1 International Fuel Cells. 3-41
3.9.2 H Power Corp. 3-44
3.9.3 Dais-Analytic. 3-44
3.9.4 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Use For Stationary Power Generation. 3-45
3.9.5 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cell Voltage Tags Gas Leaks. 3-48
3.10 Micro-Fuel Cell 3-48
3.10.1 Case Western Reserve University Miniature Fuel Cell 3-49
3.11 Solid Polymer Membrane. 3-50
3.12 Naphtha-Based Fuel Cell System.. 3-50
3.12.1 Nippon Mitsubishi Naphtha Fuel Cell 3-51
3.12.2 Toyota To Market Fuel Cells For Housing. 3-51
4. Fuel Cell Technology.
4.1 Nanoparticle Technology. 4-1
4.2 Nanotechnology Markets. 4-2
4.2.1 U.S. Government Investment In Nanotechnology. 4-3
4.2.2 Asia Nanotechnology Research. 4-3
4.3 Battery Technology. 4-4
4.4 Fuel Cell Processes. 4-4
4.5 Fuel Cell Power Plant 4-5
4.5.1 Liquids 4-6
4.5.2 Gases 4-6
4.5.3 Impact Of Hydrogen On Contact Materials. 4-7
4.5.4 Concentration Gradient 4-8
4.5.5 Electrochemical Reactions. 4-8
4.5.6 Electrolytes. 4-10
4.5.7 Transferring The Energy. 4-12
4.5.8 Activation Polarization. 4-12
4.5.9 Ohmic Polarization. 4-13
4.5.10 Concentration Polarization. 4-14
4.5.11 Effect Of Polarizations. 4-15
5. Fuel Cell Company Profiles..
5.1 Experience In Fuel Cell Technology. 5-1
5.2 Allied Utility Network. 5-5
5.3 Altair Technologies. 5-5
5.3.1 Altair SOFC Fuel Cell 5-5
5.4 Ballard Power Systems. 5-6
5.4.1 Ballard, Shell, And Westcoast 5-6
5.4.2 Ballard Power Systems / Graftech. 5-7
5.4.3 Ballard 250-kW Stationary Fuel Cell Power Generator 5-7
5.4.4 Ebara Ballard. 5-7
5.4.5 Ballard And Victrex. 5-8
5.5 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited. 5-8
5.5.1 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited Product Development 5-8
5.5.2 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited Technology. 5-9
5.6 Dais Analytic. 5-10
5.7 DaimlerChrysler 5-11
5.7.1 Ballard Power / DaimlerChrysler 5-13
5.7.2 Mazda Motor / DaimlerChrysler Japan. 5-13
5.7.3 DaimlerChrysler Field Test Fuel Cell Van. 5-13
5.8 Duracell 5-14
5.9 Energizer 5-14
5.10 Energy Partners Ltd. 5-15
5.11 Engelhard Corporation. 5-15
5.12 Evonyx's Evictory. 5-16
5.13 Ford 5-16
5.14 FuelCell Energy. 5-17
5.14.1 FuelCell Energy Direct FuelCell 5-17
5.15 GreenVolt Power 5-18
5.16 H Power Corp. 5-19
5.16.1 Prototype Stationary Fuel Cell Systems. 5-21
5.16.2 H Power Strategy. 5-21
5.16.3 H Power / Kurita Purification Technology. 5-23
5.17 Honda 5-23
5.18 Hydrovolt Energy. 5-24
5.19 IdaTech 5-25
5.20 Impco 5-26
5.20.1 Impco Technologies Business Strategy. 5-27
5.20.2 Fuel Cell Initiatives. 5-28
5.21 International Fuel Cells / United Technologies. 5-28
5.21.1 International Fuel Cells Experience. 5-29
5.21.2 United Technologies. 5-31
5.21.3 Installed Base 5-32
5.21.4 International Fuel Cells Joins California Fuel Cell Partnership. 5-32
5.21.5 International Fuel Cells Target Markets. 5-33
5.21.6 International Fuel Cells Residential Market Positioning. 5-34
5.21.7 International Fuel Cells Light Commercial Market Positioning. 5-34
5.22 Johnson Controls / Optima Batteries. 5-35
5.23 Manhattan Scientifics Inc. 5-35
5.23.1 Manhattan Scientifics / Electrolux / Lunar 5-36
5.24 Medis Ethanol Fuel Cell 5-37
5.25 Metallic Power 5-37
5.26 Millennium Cell 5-37
5.26.1 Millennium Cell Hydrogen Initiative. 5-37
5.26.2 Millennium Cell Longer-Life Batteries. 5-38
5.26.3 Millennium Cell Strategic Alliances. 5-38
5.26.4 Millennium Cell 5-40
5.27 Mitsui 5-40
5.28 Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation. 5-40
5.29 Nuvera 5-41
5.30 Plug Power Fuel Cell 5-41
5.30.1 Customers And Strategic Allies. 5-45
5.30.2 Plug Power / GE MicroGen (GEMG) Distribution Network. 5-46
5.30.3 GEMG Product, GE HomeGen 7000. 5-47
5.31 PowerTek 5-48
5.32 Proton Energy Systems. 5-48
5.33 Rayovac 5-49
5.34 Schatz Energy Research Center 5-49
5.35 Teledyne 5-49
5.36 Texaco 5-50
5.37 Toyota Fuel Cell Cars. 5-50
5.38 Trojan Battery. 5-51
5.39 Ultralife Batteries. 5-52
5.39.1 Customers 5-54
5.40 XCellsis 5-54
5.41 Zevco 5-55
6. Power Generation Applications For Fuel Cells..
6.1 International Fuel Cells / Anchorage, Alaska. 6-2
6.2 International Fuel Cells / Connecticut Department Of Public Works. 6-2
6.2.1 International Fuel Cells / Liverpool High School 6-2
6.3 FuelCell Energy Headquarters In Danbury, Connecticut 6-4
6.4 FuelCell Energy Bielefeld, Germany Project 6-5
6.5 Commercial Design Endurance Project 6-5
6.6 Ohio Coal Mine Methane Project 6-5
6.7 King County, Washington. 6-6
6.8 Southern Company Services - Alabama Municipal Electric Authority Mercedes-Benz U.S. 6-6
6.9 Los Angeles Department Of Water And Power 6-7
6.10 Long Island Power Authority. 6-8
6.11 Global Energy Clean Coal Project 6-8
6.12 Rhon Clinic Project 6-9
List of Tables and Figures
Table ES-1 ES-2
Key Fuel Cell Market Drivers
Figure ES-2 ES-4
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2001
Figure ES-3 ES-5
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2007
Figure ES-2 ES-6
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 1-1 1-3
Fuel Cell Characteristics
Table 1-2 1-4
Fuel Cell Description
Table 1-3 1-5
Fuel Cell Categories
Table 1-4 1-7
Fuel Cell Performance Improvements
Table 1-5 1-10
Environmental Concerns Relating To Energy
Table 1-6 1-13
Methods Of Producing Energy
Table 1-7 1-15
Environmental Benefits Of Using Fuel Cell Technology
Table 1-8 1-16
Fuel Cell Advantages Compared To Internal Combustion Engine
Table 1-9 1-18
Fuel Cell Functional Characteristics
Table 1-10 1-20
Characteristics Of Water In Fuel Cells
Table 2-1 2-3
Key Fuel Cell Market Drivers
Table 2-2 2-4
Market Driving Factors
Figure 2-3 2-7
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2001
Figure 2-4 2-8
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2007
Figure 2-5 2-9
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 2-6 2-10
Global Stationary Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Percent, 2001-2007
Table 2-7 2-10
Global Stationary, Utility, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 2-8 2-11
Selected Major Stationary Fuel Cell Players
Table 2-9 2-16
Selected Major Stationary Fuel Cell Players
Figure 2-10 2-17
Global Utility Fuel Cell Shipments, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 2-11 2-18
Global Stationary Fuel Cell, Dollars Per Kilowatt Utility Market Forecast, Units And Dollars, 2001-2007
Figure 2-12 2-19
Global Stationary Fuel Cell, Dollars Per Kilowatt Utility Market Forecast, 2001-2007
Figure 2-13 2-20
Global Utility Stationary Fuel Cell, Average Number Kilowatts Per Unit, Market Forecast, 2001-2007
Figure 2-14 2-21
Global Stationary Fuel Cell Utility Market Forecast, System Units, 2001-2007
Figure 2-15 2-22
Global Stationary Fuel Cell Utility Market Forecast, Dollars Per System, 2001-2007
Table 2-16 2-24
Cost of Fuel Cell Electricity
Table 2-17 2-26
Effect of Quantity on Fuel Cell Costs
Figure 2-18 2-28
Global Stationary Fuel Cell, Campus / Residential Market Forecast, Units, 2001-2007
Table 2-19 2-29
Global Stationary Fuel Cell, Dollars Per Kilowatt Campus / Residential Market Forecast, Units, 2001-2007
Table 2-20 2-30
Global Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares, Campus / Residential, Dollars, 2001
Table 2-21 2-31
Plug Power PEM Systems Shipments, Q 4 2001
Figure 2-22 2-34
Global Campus Fuel Cell Shipments, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 2-23 2-35
Global Stationary Fuel Cell, Dollars Per Kilowatt Campus Market Forecast, Units And Dollars, 2001-2007
Figure 2-24 2-37
Global Residential Fuel Cell Shipments, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 2-25 2-38
Global Stationary Fuel Cell, Dollars Per Kilowatt Residential Market Forecast, Units And Dollars, 2001-2007
Figure 2-26 2-39
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2001
Table 2-27 2-40
Global Stationary Fuel Cell Provider Shipments By Region, Dollars, 2001
Figure 2-28 2-41
Global Stationary, Campus, And Residential Fuel Cell Shipments By Segment, Dollars, 2007
Table 2-29 2-41
Global Stationary Fuel Cell Provider Shipments By Region, Dollars, 2007
Figure 2-30 2-44
Global Electricity Markets, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 2-31 2-45
Global Electricity Markets, Dollars, 2001-2007
Table 2-32 2-47
Global Utility Power Generation By Region, Percent, 2001
Table 2-33 2-48
Global Utility Power Generation By Region, Dollars, 2001
Table 3-1 3-2
Fuel Cell Categories
Table 3-2 3-4
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-3 3-5
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-4 3-6
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-5 3-7
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Products
Table 3-6 3-7
Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) Products
Table 3-7 3-8
Regenerative Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-8 3-8
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-9 3-9
Zinc-Air Battery Products
Table 3-10 3-9
Graphite (For Flow Field Plates, Support Structures, Electrodes) Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-11 3-9
Stack Component Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-12 3-10
Catalyst Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-13 3-11
Fuel Reformer / Processor and Component Products
Table 3-14 3-12
Integrated Fuel Cell System Products
Table 3-15 3-13
Fuel Cell System Product Distributors
Table 3-16 3-13
Electrolyzer Products
Table 3-17 3-14
Fuel Cell Electronics and Test Equipment Products
Table 3-18 3-15
Hydrogen Storage Products
Table 3-19 3-16
Utility Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-20 3-16
Hydrogen Sensor Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-21 3-17
Electric Drive Trains
Table 3-22 3-18
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Characteristics
Table 3-23 3-19
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Drawbacks
Table 3-24 3-21
Efficiency Level Of SOFC's
Table 3-25 3-23
Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited SOFC Technology
Table 3-26 3-27
Siemens Westinghouse Power Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Testing
Table 3-27 3-32
Siemens / Fuel Cell Technologies SOFC Stack System Features
Table 3-28 3-36
Electrical Operating Proposed Fuel Cell Efficiency Temperature Capacity
Table 3-29 3-42
International Fuel Cells Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
Table 3-30 3-46
Technical Challenges For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells For Stationary Power Generation
Table 3-31 3-47
Technical Challenges Of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells For Vehicle Power Generation
Table 4-1 4-2
Fuel Cell Technical Issues
Table 4-2 4-5
Processes Involved In The Operation Of A Fuel Cell
Table 4-3 4-6
Fuel Cell Power Plant Segments
Table 4-4 4-8
Electrochemical Reactions In A Fuel Cell
Table 4-5 4-10
Electron Flow Path
Table 4-6 4-11
Criteria For Selecting An Electrolyte
Table 4-7 4-12
Categories Of Polarization
Table 4-8 4-14
Factors Which Add To The Energy Loss
Table 4-9 4-16
Variables Impacting Fuel Cells
Table 5-1 5-1
Automakers With Fuel Cell Products
Table 5-2 5-3
Automotive Company Fuel Cell Initiatives
Table 5-3 5-9
Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited SOFC Technology
Table 5-4 5-10
Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited Principal Corporate Activity
Table 5-5 5-19
GreenVolt Power Target Markets
Table 5-6 5-22
Key Elements In H Power Strategy
Table 5-7 5-24
Hydrovolt Application Positioning
Table 5-8 5-33
International Fuel Cell Target Markets
Table 5-9 5-36
Manhattan Scientifics Fuel Cell Technology Projects
Table 5-10 5-42
Plug Power Fuel Cell Product Positioning
Table 5-11 5-42
Plug Power Fuel Cell Target Markets
Table 5-12 5-44
Plug Power Fuel Cell Strategic Alliances With Key Vendors
Table 5-13 5-48
Proton Energy Systems PEM Electrochemical Products
Table 5-14 5-51
Trojan Battery Target Markets
Table 6-1 6-1
Applications For Fuel Cells
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