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Flame Retardants for Plastics
Rapra Technology Ltd, Oct 2003, Pages: 148
Plastics materials are used in large volumes in major applications such as buildings, vehicles and electronic appliances. In each of these areas fire safety is critical. Hence flame retardants have been developed to improve the properties of plastics under the different conditions of processing and use. Flame retardants can act in a variety of ways: by raising the ignition temperature, reducing the rate of burning, reducing flame spread and reducing smoke generation. There are various test methods in use to quantify the effectiveness of different flame retardants and these are described here.
This report examines the new developments from a range of flame retardant producers, both in products and product ranges. Besides brominated materials, mineral fillers such as alumina trihydrate hold a large market share, alongside phosphorus compounds, antimony trioxide, borates and intumescent materials. The latter function by forming an insulating char on the surface of the material. Nanocomposites are being tested as flame retardant materials - these and other new types of additive are described
Environmental legislation has affected this sector of the additive industry, particularly in the field of halogenated flame retardants. Brominated flame retardants are widely used, effective materials in many resin formulations. Many pressure groups would like to see compounds containing halogens banned. There are concerns about the potential for release and bioaccumulation of toxic combustion products. However, the evidence shows that where the use of these materials has been reduced, for example in television sets in Europe, the number of fires and consequently deaths has increased. The issues are discussed in this report.
At the same time, fire safety requirements for materials have increased. The uncertainty of the situation has lead to major suppliers of flame retardants branching out to secure their position in the market place. Thus larger companies have been purchasing suppliers of alternative types of retardants, so that if legislation reduces their share of one sector of the market, they can reap the benefits from their alternative products.
Market data on flame retardants is limited, but the available figures from different sources are summarised here. For example, the market size for flame retardants in the USA is currently around half a million tonnes per year. There is extensive discussion of specific applications, i.e., automotive, building and construction, and electrical and electronic.
This technical market report highlights the current work on flame retardants by different companies and for different resins; it describes the situation of flux in the marketplace with the new changes to legislation and gives data on the market size and possible future changes.
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