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Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials
Rapra Technology Ltd, Jan 2005, Pages: 306
1 Introduction
1.1 Thermal Degradation Techniques
1.1.1 Thermogravimetry (TG)
1.1.2 Pyrolysis (Py)
1.1.3 Thermal Volatilisation Analysis (TVA)
1.1.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
1.1.5 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MALDI)
1.1.6 Others
1.2 Ageing and Lifetime Predictions
1.3 Thermal Degradation Pathways
2 Mechanisms of Thermal Degradation of Polymers
2.1 Side-Group Elimination
2.2 Random Scission
2.3 Depolymerisation
3 Thermooxidative Degradation
4 Kinetics of Thermal Degradation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Kinetic Analysis
5 Polymers, Copolymers and Blends
5.1 Polyolefins
5.1.1 Polyethylene (PE)
5.1.2 Polypropylene (PP)
5.1.3 Polyisobutylene (PIB)
5.1.4 Cyclic Olefin Copolymers
5.1.5 Diene Polymers
5.2 Styrene Polymers
5.2.1 Polystyrene (PS) and its Chemical Modifications
5.2.2 Styrene Copolymers
5.2.3 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer (ABS)
5.2.4 Polystyrene Blends
5.3 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
5.3.1 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Homopolymer
5.3.2 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Blends
5.4 Polyamides (PA)
5.4.1 Poly(Ester Amide)s
5.4.2 Liquid-Crystalline Polyamides
5.4.3 Polyamide Blends
5.5 Polyurethanes (PUs)
5.5.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
5.5.2 Polyurethane Foams
5.6 Polyesters
5.6.1 Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET)
5.6.2 Biodegradable Polyesters
5.7 Acryl Polymers
5.7.1 Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)
5.7.2 Acryl (Co)Polymers
5.7.3 Acrylonitrile-Containing (Co)Polymers
5.8 Others
5.8.1 Poly(Vinyl Acetate) (PVAc)
5.8.2 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVOH)
5.8.3 Vinylidene Chloride (VDC) Copolymers
5.8.4 Sulfone-Containing Polymers
5.8.5 Sulfide-Containing (Co)Polymers
5.8.6 Poly(Bisphenol-A Carbonate) (PC)
5.8.7 Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) (PBT)
5.8.8 Poly(Ethylene Glycol Allenyl Methyl Ether) (PEGA)
5.8.9 Poly(Ether Ketone)s (PEKs)
5.8.10 Poly(Epichlorohydrin-co-Ethylene Oxide)
6 Natural Polymers
6.1 Starch
6.2 Chitin and Chitosan
6.3 Cellulose
6.4 Lignins
6.5 Poly(Hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs)
6.6 Proteins
6.7 Natural Rubber
6.8 Poly(Hydroxy Acid)s
6.8.1 Poly(L-Lactic Acid) (PLLA)
6.8.2 Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Blends
6.9 Poly(p-Dioxanone) (PPDO)
7 Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites
7.1 Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Composites
7.2 Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Composites
7.3 Unsaturated Polyester Resins Reinforced with Fibres
7.4 Reinforced Polyurethane Composites
7.5 Polyamides with Natural Fibres
7.6 Other Composites
8 Inorganic Polymers
8.1 Polysiloxanes
8.2 Polyphosphazenes
8.3 Polysilazanes and Polysilanes
8.4 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Polymers
9 High Temperature-Resistant Polymers
9.1 Aromatic Polyamides
9.2 Aromatic Polycarbonates
9.3 Aromatic Polyethers
9.4 Phenylene-Containing Polymers
9.5 Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (PEEK)
9.6 Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs)
9.7 Polybismaleimides (BMIs)
9.8 Polybenzoxazines
9.9 Other High-Temperature Polymers
9.9.1 Phenolic Resins
9.9.2 Epoxies
9.9.3 Poly(Ether Imide) (PEI)
10 Recycling of Polymers by Thermal Degradation
10.1 Polyolefins
10.2 Polystyrene
10.2.1 Polystyrene in the Melt
10.2.2 Polystyrene in Solution
10.3 Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
10.4 Polyamides
10.5 Natural Polymers
10.5.1 Poly(L-Lactic Acid)
10.5.2 Lignocellulose
10.6 Other Homopolymers
10.7 Mixtures of Polymer Wastes
10.8 Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials – Ecological Issues
10.8.1 Disposal Options and Sources of Information
10.8.2 Sustainable Development
11 Thermal Degradation During Processing of Polymers
11.1 Polyethylene
11.2 Polypropylene and its Blends
11.3 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
11.4 Other Polymers
12 Modelling of Thermal Degradation Processes
13 Concluding Remarks
14 References
15 References Available from the Polymer Library
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