1 INTRODUCTION 2 THE NEED FOR BIOCIDES IN PLASTICS AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGY 2.1 Bacteria 2.2 Fungi 2.3 Algae
3 PLASTIC MATERIALS REQUIRING BIOCIDES 3.1 Biostabiliser Effects 3.1.1 Nutrient Sources for Fungi and Bacteria 3.1.2 Microbiological Effects 3.1.3 Organisms of Importance 3.2 Hygienic Applications 3.2.1 Organisms of Interest 3.2.2 Merits of Such Biocides 3.2.3 The Bacterial 'Problem' 3.2.4 False Claims 3.2.5 Conclusions Regarding Hygienic Applications 3.3 Active Packaging
4 TEST METHODS 4.1 Fungal Test Methods 4.1.1 Fungicidal Procedures 4.1.2 Fungistatic Procedures 4.1.3 Soil Burial 4.1.4 Humidity Chamber or Vermiculite Bed 4.2 Bacterial Test Methods 4.2.1 Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria 4.2.2 Antimicrobial Plastic 4.2.3 Pink Stain Test 4.3 Laboratory Tests versus use Conditions
5 AVAILABLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS 5.1 Migratory Biocides 5.1.1 OBPA 5.1.2 OIT 5.1.3 Butyl BIT 5.1.4 Zinc Pyrithione 5.1.5 Iodo-Propylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC) 5.1.6 N-Haloalkylthio Compounds 5.1.7 Carbendazim (N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid methylester) 5.1.8 Bethoxazin (3-Benzo(b)thien-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine 4-oxide) 5.2 Non or Low Migratory Biocides 5.2.1 Triclosan (2,2,4-dicholoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether) 5.2.2 DCOIT 5.2.3 Silver 5.2.4 Sustainable Antimicrobial Polymers (Degussa) 5.2.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles 5.3 Other Ingredients
6 LEGISLATION REGARDING BIOCIDES 6.1 Limitations of Use 6.2 Future Requirements 6.3 BPD Exemptions
7 SUMMARY
Additional References Unpublished References Bibliography Acknowledgements Abbreviations Subject Index Company Index
