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Viewing report
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Airports and Airlines Market Assessment
Key Note Publications Ltd, Jan 1999
The UK has one of the most developed air travel industries in the world. It is a mature industry with high levels of industrial concentration across most sectors including scheduled airlines, charter airlines and airports. The top five scheduled airlines account for 80% of passengers uplifted by UK scheduled airlines, the top four charter airlines control around 70% of the market, while the largest airport operator accounts for 70% of passengers.
Between 1994 and 1999, the number of terminal passengers at UK airports increased by 38%, to reach 169.2 million passengers. 78% of these passengers were on international flights. Over the period, domestic flight passengers have grown at a slightly higher rate than international passengers, partly due to the dampening of inbound demand from overseas visitors and the growth of low-cost, domestic services.
In 1999, there was no growth in the number of inbound visitors to the UK by air while the number of UK residents' visits overseas by air increased by 8%, despite no increase in demand for Air Inclusive Tour (AIT) packages in the summer. Between 1994 and 1999, the number of UK residents' visits overseas by air increased by 34% to exceed 37 million visits, while the number of visits by overseas residents to the UK increased by 21% to 17.5 million visits.
Market Assessment estimates that the value of UK air travel doubled between 1994 and 1999, to reach £13.3bn, while the number of passengers increased by 37% to 92 million giving an average one-way fare of approximately £144. Between 1994 and 1997, domestic air travel demand grew at a faster rate than international air travel demand, due to the impact of Eurostar and the contraction in charter airline capacity in 1996. Since 1997, the growth in international air travel demand has exceeded domestic air travel demand.
Holiday travel is the most important sector of air travel demand in the UK. Two thirds of UK residents' visits overseas by air in 1988 were holidays. Of these air holidaymakers, 61% were on a package holiday. In 1998, business, VFR and miscellaneous travel account for 18%, 13% and 2% of the international air travel market in the UK. Over the previous five years, business travellers increased share from 16% and VFR increased from 12% as the share accounted for by holidays fell from 70% to 67%.
Low-cost carriers and flight-only, charter flights have eroded economy seat demand on some of the regular scheduled routes. Between 1994 and 1998, purchases of first and business class tickets increased by approximately 18%, compared with 24% for international air travel demand overall.
The most important air travel destination for UK residents is Spain. In 1998, 26.4% of UK residents' visits overseas by air were to Spain. The top 10 countries accounted for approximately 70% of visits. The fastest growing destinations over the 1994-98 period were the Irish Republic, the Netherlands, Turkey and the USA.
The most important country of origin for overseas air travellers to the UK is the USA. In 1998, 19.2% of overseas residents' visits by air were from the USA. The top 10 countries of origin account for two-thirds of overseas residents' visits. The fastest growing countries of origin over the 1994-98 period were the Irish Republic and the Netherlands.
According to the NOP survey commissioned by Market Assessment, 52% of UK adults have travelled by air in the last 18 months. The most popular types of flight for air travellers are domestic flights on regular (ie not low-cost) carriers. 49% of air travellers have been on this type of flight, compared with 45% on a European regular scheduled flight and 44% on a charter flight to Europe.
Market Assessment forecast that the volume of the air travel market will increase by 28% between 1999 and 2004, to reach 118 million passengers, approximately one return flight per head of population.
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