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Oil Sands Mining Overview
Ross Smith Energy Group, March 2005, Pages: 24
The Oil Sands Mining Overview provides a brief review of the history of oil sand mining in Alberta, an update on current projects and a summary of mining technology. More detailed information is contained on the key attributes of economic surface mineable deposits, development issues facing project proponents, typical capital and operating cost estimates and the critical factors that influence project viability.
In providing this information, the authors have drawn on extensive experience with mineable oil sand projects in addition to information in the public domain.
Since Peter Pond first saw the oil sands in the Athabasca region in 1778, they have been a subject of interest to explorers, geologists, scientists and miners. A number of early attempts were made to exploit the resource, including the Bitumount and Abasand projects. The first commercial mining project was Great Canadian Oil Sands (GCOS), now Suncor, which began production in 1967. GCOS was followed by Syncrude, a consortium of major oil companies and government participants, which commenced operations in 1978. The third operating mine is Albian Sands owned by Shell, ChevronTexaco and Western Oil Sands started up in late 2002. All three produce “synthetic crude oil” (SCO) product, similar to a light sweet crude. SCO is the product of bitumen upgrading processes at each of the operations.
At Suncor and Syncrude the upgraders are located adjacent to the mining operations in the Fort McMurray area whereas Albian Sands transports diluted bitumen through a dedicated pipeline to their upgrader in the Fort Saskatchewan area. One of the key factors behind the recent growth in the oil sands industry in Alberta was the adoption of generic fiscal terms in the mid-1990s. The revised fiscal regime, which replaced an ad hoc royalty system, meant that a common set of rules were applied to all oil sand developments, providing a much needed measure of certainty to the royalty and tax structure.
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