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Drug Delivery in Cancer - Technologies, Markets and Companies
Jain PharmaBiotech, Nov 2009, Pages: 610
Executive Summary
1. Introduction to cancer therapy
Molecular biology of cancer
The genesis of cancer
Normal cell cycle and growth
Oncogenes
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Role of microRNAs in cancer
Role of Bub 1 gene in cell division
Accumulation of random mutations
Chromosomal instability
Aneuploidy
Telomeres and cancer
DNA methylation and cancer
Anticancer treatments based on RNA regulation of genes
Hallmarks of cancer
Self-sufficiency of tumor proliferation
Apoptosis
Therapeutic implications of apoptosis in cancer
Autophagy
Induction of angiogenesis
Acquisition of a potential for unlimited replication
Invasion and metastases
Cancer biomarkers
Molecular imaging of cancer
Cancer genomics
Gene expression profiling in cancer
Cancer proteomics
Limitations of genomics and proteomics for understanding cancer
Cancer microenvironment
Epidemiology of cancer
Current management of cancer
Chemotherapy
Limitations of cancer chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Brachytherapy
Surgery
Basics of drug delivery in cancer
Historical landmarks in cancer drug delivery
2. Innovative treatments for cancer
Introduction
Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Antiangiogenic strategies for cancer
Development of antiangiogenic therapies
Classification of antiangiogenic agents
Examples of antiangiogenic agents
Chemotherapy at lower than maximum tolerated dose
Inhibitors of endothelial proliferation
Inducers of apoptosis of endothelial cells of tumor vessels
Lodamin
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
Monoclonal antibodies with vasculostatic properties
PPARa agonists
Rapalogues as antiangiogenic agents
VEGF Trap
Agents that decrease the permeability of tumor blood vessels
Antiangiogenic agents in clinical trials
Combination of antiangiogenic with cytotoxic therapy
Bacterial anticancer agents
Tumor-targeted bacteria
Genetically modified Salmonella typhimurium as anticancer agent
TAPET (Tumor Amplified Protein Expression Therapy)
Bacterial protein for targeted delivery of liposomal cancer drugs
Killed but metabolically active (KBMA) bacteria
Bacterial toxins targeted to tumors
Immunotoxins
Escherichia Coli toxins
Engineered anthrax toxin
Recombinant fusion toxins
Type III secretion systems
Induction of apoptosis in cancer by bacterial proteins
Induction of immune response by bacteriolytic therapy
Innovations in cell therapy for cancer
Stem cell transplantation for cancer
Cancer drug/gene delivery by mesenchymal stem cells
Cancer immunotherapy
Cytokines
Cancer vaccines
5T4 as a target for cancer immunotherapy
Anti-telomerase vaccine
Antigen-specific cancer vaccines
Carcinoembryonic antigen-based vaccines
Dendritic cells for cancer vaccination
Hybrid cell vaccination
Lymphocyte-based cancer therapies
Tumor cell vaccines
Vaccines that simultaneously target different cancer antigens
Concluding remarks about cancer vaccines
Cancer Vaccine Consortium
Innovative methods of radiation delivery
Image-guided ultrasound technology for delivery of radiation
Respiratory gating technology for radiation therapy
Positron therapy
Boron neutron capture therapy
Application of drug delivery systems to BNCP
Use of nanotechnology to enhance BNCT
Skeletal Targeted Radiotherapy
Irreversible electroporation
Methods to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR)
P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR
MDR-associated protein gene
Strategies for overcoming MDR
Blocking the action of P-glycoprotein
Nitric oxide inducers
Managing resistance to antiapoptotic action of anticancer agents
Inhibition of DNA repair
Liposome formulation of drugs
Modification of the chemical structure of the anticancer drug
Enzyme Catalyzed Therapeutic Activation
Modulation of SPARC expression
Iron chelators that overcomes resistance to chemotherapeutics
Proton pump inhibitors
Combination of targeted drugs with different specificities
Targeted cancer therapies
Targeting cellular pathways
Targeting antigens in virus-associated cancer
Targeting HAAH for cancer therapy
Targeting mitochondrial membranes
Targeting tumor lymphatics
Targeting tyrosine kinase receptors
Inhibitors of bcr-abl tyrosine kinase
Inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases
Inhibitors of ErbB tyrosine kinase
Targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway
Targeting caspase-8
Targeting oncogenes
Targeting miRNA for cancer therapeutics
Targeting the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway
Targeted anticancer therapies based on the Rad51 promoter
Targeting cancer stem cells
Targeting glycoproteins
Tagging cancer with sugars
Anticancer agents based on glycobiology
Targeting cell surface glycoproteins
Biofusion for targeted cancer therapy
Targeted drug delivery of anticancer agents with controlled activation
Targeted delivery of anticancer agents with ReCODE™ technology
Enhancing the effects of radiation and chemotherapy
Sensitizing agents for chemotherapy
Tesmilifene for chemosensitization
CoFactor to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy
Enzyme-enhanced chemotherapy
Sensitizing agents for radiotherapy
IPdR
Manipulation of tumor oxygenation
Hypoxia-based methods to enhance chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Hyperbaric oxygen and radiation
HIF-1 antagonists to enhance radiotherapy
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs enhance tumor radiosensitivity
ONCONASE as radiosensitivity enhancer
Hyperthermia and chemotherapy/radiation therapy
Techniques for hyperthermia
Trimodality therapy: radiation, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia
Photodynamic therapy
Novel anticancer agents
Anti-EphA2 antibodies
Antioxidants
Brostallicin
Agents disrupting folate metabolism
Pemetrexed
Cell cycle inhibitors
Cytotoxic ribonucleases
DNA hypomethylating agents
Histone-based cancer therapy
Histone deacetylase inhibitors
Modulation of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity
Simulation of endogenous histone for anticancer therapy
HSP90 inhibitors
Ion channel blockers
IOT-101
Endovion
LPAAT-beta inhibitors
P13-kinase inhibitors
PARP inhibitors
Targeted destruction of BRCA2 deficient tumors by PARP inhibitors
Prodrugs
Enzyme-activated prodrugs
Ascorbic acid as a prodrug for cancer
Prolarix
Protein kinase G activation
Proteasome inhibitors
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3
Second generation nucleosides
Targeting topoisomerase IB
Telomerase inhibitors
Therapeutic strategies based on the P53 pathway
Therapeutic strategies based on molecular mechanisms
In vivo models for molecularly anticancer drugs
Checkpoint activation as a strategy against cancer
Deletion-specific targeting for cancer therapy
Repair-blocking drugs for enhancing effect of chemotherapy
Combining novel anticancer approaches
Personalized therapy of cancer
Challenges of cancer classification
Design of future cancer therapies
Personalized drug development in oncology
Role of molecular imaging
Role of molecular imaging in targeted cancer therapy
Screening for personalized anticancer drugs
Targeting pathways for personalized cancer therapy
3. Drug delivery systems for cancer
Introduction
Routes of drug delivery in cancer
Intravenous delivery systems for cancer therapy
Intravenous versus oral ascorbate for treatment of cancer
Oral delivery of anticancer agents
Oral UFT
5-FU combined with eniluracil
Oral paclitaxel
Oral fluoropyrimidines
Oral satraplatin
Oral PXD101
ARRY-142886
High dose pulse administration of calcitrol
Oral gefitinib vs intravenous docetaxel
Transdermal drug delivery
Delivery of the photosensitizer drug d-amino levulinic acid
Transdermal delivery of the methotrexate
Transdermal delivery of peptide cancer vaccines
Intradermal delivery of cancer vaccines by adenoviral vectors
Pulmonary delivery of anticancer agents
Regional intra-arterial delivery of chemotherapy
Gas embolotherapy of tumors
Drug delivery to lymph nodes
Intraperitoneal macrophages as drug delivery vehicle
Challenges of cancer drug delivery
Tumor blood vessel pore barrier to drug delivery
Improvement of drug transport in tumors
Delivery of anticancer drugs to nuclear targets
Innovative formulations for drug delivery in cancer
Cancer targeting with polymeric drugs
Linking anticancer drugs to polyglutamate
Improving delivery of protein-polymer anticancer drugs
Bacterial ghosts as drug delivery systems for anticancer drugs
Microparticles as therapeutic delivery systems in cancer
Subcutaneous injection of microspheres carrying anticancer drugs
Intravascular delivery systems using microparticles
Tumor embolization with drug-eluting beads
Tumor embolization with radioactive microparticles
Microparticles heated by magnetic field
Magnetic targeted microparticle technology
Release of drugs from micelles by ultrasound
Release of drugs from biSphere by ultrasound
Release of drugs from microcapsules by laser
Chemoembolization
Anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles
Anticancer drugs bound to protein microspheres
Nanoerythrosomes
Micronized droplets of olive oil
Nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery for cancer
Nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery in cancer
Anticancer drug particles incorporated in liposomes
Encapsulating drugs in hydrogel nanoparticles
Exosomes
Folate-linked nanoparticles
Lipid based nanocarriers
Micelles for drug delivery in cancer
Minicells for targeted delivery of nanoscale anticancer therapeutics
Nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel
Nanoparticles containing albumin and antisense oligonucleotides
Non-aggregating nanoparticles
Pegylated nanoliposomal formulation
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles
Protosphere nanoparticle technology
Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of drugs into the cancer cells
Antiangiogenic therapy using nanoparticles
Carbon magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
Carbon nanotubes for targeted drug delivery to cancer cells
Fullerenes for enhancing tumor targeting by antibodies
Gold nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer
Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle formulation for drug delivery
Lipoprotein nanoparticles targeted to cancer-associated receptors
Magnetic nanoparticles for remote-controlled drug delivery to tumors
Nanobees for targeted delivery of cytolytic peptide melittin
Nanocell for targeted drug delivery to tumor
Nanodroplets for site-specific cancer treatment
Phage nanoparticles as antibody-drug conjugates
Polymer nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
Polymersomes for targeted cancer drug delivery
Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates
Dendrimers for anticancer drug delivery
Application of dendrimers in boron neutron capture therapy
Application of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy
Dendrimer-based synthetic vector for targeted cancer gene therapy
Devices for nanotechnology-based cancer therapy
Convection-enhanced delivery with nanoliposomal CPT-11
Nanocomposite devices
Nanoengineered silicon for brachytherapy
Nanoparticles combined with physical agents for tumor ablation
Carbon nanotubes for laser-induced cancer destruction
Nanoparticles and thermal ablation
Nanoparticles combined with ultrasound radiation of tumors
Nanoparticles as adjuncts to photodynamic therapy of cancer
Nanoparticles for boron neutron capture therapy
RNA nanotechnology for delivery of cancer therapeutics
Nanocarriers for simultaneous delivery of multiple anticancer agents
Combination of diagnostics and therapeutics for cancer
Biomimetic nanoparticles targeted to tumors
Dendrimer nanoparticles for targeting and imaging tumors
Gold nanorods for diagnosis plus photothermal therapy of cancer
Magnetic nanoparticles for imaging as well as therapy of cancer
Nanobialys for combining MRI with delivery of anticancer agents
pHLIP nanotechnology for detection and targeted therapy of cancer
Radiolabeled carbon nanotubes for tumor imaging and targeting
Targeted therapy with magnetic nanomaterials guided by antibodies
Ultrasonic tumor imaging and targeted chemotherapy by nanobubbles
Polyethylene glycol technology
Enzon's PEG technology
Debiopharm's PEG biconjugate drug delivery platform
Nektar PEGylation
PEG Intron
Single-chain antibody-binding protein technology
Vesicular systems for drug delivery in cancer
Liposomes for anticancer drug delivery
Antibody-targeted liposomes for cancer therapy
AlZA’s Stealth liposomes
Boron-containing liposomes
DepoFoam technology
Hyperthermia and liposomal drug delivery
Liposomal doxorubicin formulation with N-octanoyl-glucosylceramide
Liposome-nucleic acid complexes for anticancer drug delivery
Non-pegilated liposomal doxorubicin
Tumor-selective targeted drug delivery via folate-PEG liposomes
Ultrasound-mediated anticancer drug release from liposomes
Companies developing liposome-based anticancer drugs
Pharmacosomes for controlled anticancer drug delivery
Emulsion formulations of anticancer drugs
Albumin-based drug carriers
Anticancer drugs that bind to tumors
Monoclonal antibodies
Murine monoclonal antibodies
Humanized MAbs
Actions and uses of monoclonal antibodies in cancer
Targeted antibody-based cancer therapy
Antibody–cytokine fusion proteins
Antibody J591 for targeted delivery of anticancer therapy
Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen MAb
Combining MAbs with anti-CD55 antibody
MAbs targeted to alpha fetaprotein receptor
MAbs targeted to tumor blood vessels
MAbs targeted to HAAH
MAbs for immune activation
Delivery of cancer therapy with MAbs
Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
Chemically programmed antibodies
Combining diagnostics with therapeutics based on MAbs
Radiolabeled antibodies
Clinical development of MAbs for treatment of cancer
Advantages and limitations of MAbs for cancer therapy
Monoclonal T cell receptors
Radioactive materials for diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer
Theophylline enhances radioiodide uptake by cancer
Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor antagonists
Strategies for drug delivery in cancer
Direct introduction of anticancer drugs into the tumor
Injection into the tumor
Antineoplastic drug implants into tumors
Tumor necrosis therapy
Injection into the arterial blood supply of cancer
Electrochemotherapy
Pressure-induced filtration of drugs across vessels to the tumor
Improving drug transport to tumors
Carbohydrate-enhanced chemotherapy
Dextrans as macromolecular anticancer drug carriers
In situ production of anticancer agents in tumors
Targeted drug delivery in cancer
Affibody molecules for targeted anticancer therapy
Fatty acids as targeting vectors
Genetic targeting of the kinase activity in cancer cells
Heat-activated targeted drug delivery
Novel transporters to target photosensitizers to cancer cell nuclei
Photodynamic therapy of cancer
Radionuclides delivered with receptor targeting technology
Targeting ligands specific for cancer cells
Targeting abnormal DNA in cancer cells
Targeting using a bispecific antibody
Targeted chemotherapy using transporters
Targeted generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species
Targeted cytotoxic peptides
Targeted delivery to receptors found in tumors
Targeted delivery by tumor-activated prodrug therapy
Targeting glutathione S-transferase
Targeting tumors by exploiting leaky blood vessels
Transmembrane Carrier Systems
Transferrin-oligomers as targeting carriers in anticancer drug delivery
Ultrasound and microbubbles for targeted anticancer drug delivery
Ultrasound for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics
Vitamin B12 and folate for targeting cancer chemotherapy
Drug delivery in relation to circadian rhythms
Implants for systemic delivery of anticancer drugs
Drug-eluting polymer implants
Angiogenesis and drug delivery to tumors
Antiangiogenesis strategies
Targeting tumor endothelial cells
Methods for overcoming limitations of antiangiogenesis approaches
Vascular targeting agents
Alpha-emitting antibodies for vascular targeting
Angiolytic therapy
Anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies as VTA
AS1404
Cadherin inhibitors
Combretastatin A4 Prodrug
Drugs to induce clotting in tumor vessels
Selective permeation of the anticancer agent into the tumor
Targeted delivery of tissue factor
Vascular targeting agents versus antiangiogenesis agents
ZD6126
Delivery of proteins and peptides for cancer therapy
CELLECTRA™ electroporation device
Emisphere's eligen™ system
Diatos Peptide Vector intra-cellular/intra-nuclear delivery technology
Lytic peptides and cancer
Modification of proteins and peptides with polymers
Peptide-based targeting of cancer biomarkers for drug delivery
Peptide-cytokine complexes as vascular targeting agents
Peptide-polymer conjugates with radionuclides
Transduction of proteins in vivo
Tumor targeting by stable toxin (ST) peptides
Cell-based cancer vaccines
Autologous tumor cell vaccines
Vaccines that simultaneously target different cancer antigens
Delivery systems for cancer vaccines
A computational approach to integration of drug delivery methods for cancer
4. Delivery of Biological Therapies for Cancer
Introduction
Antisense therapy
Basics of antisense approaches
Antisense cancer therapy
Mechanisms of anticancer effect of antisense oligonucleotides
Selected antisense drugs in development for cancer
Antisense targeted to ribonucleotide reductase
Immune modulatory oligonucleotide
Ribozyme therapy
Antisense drug delivery issues
Strategies to overcome delivery problems of antisense oligonucleotides
Oral delivery of oligonucleotides
Iontophoretic delivery of oligonucleotides
Delivery across the blood-brain barrier
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Liposomes-mediated oligonucleotide delivery
Antisense delivery in microspheres
Antisense nanoparticles
Peptide nucleic acid delivery
NeugeneÔ antisense drugs
Delivery of ribozymes
Combination of antisense and electrochemotherapy
Aptamers for combined diagnosis and therapeutics of cancer
Antisense compounds in clinical trials
RNA interference
Basics of RNAi
Comparison of antisense and RNAi
RNAi applications in oncology
Delivery of siRNA by nanoparticles
Delivery of siRNA by nanosize liposomes
Lipid nanoparticles for delivery of anticancer siRNAs
Polymer nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer siRNA
Companies developing cancer therapies based on antisense and RNAi
DNA interference
Cancer gene therapy
Basics of gene therapy
Strategies for cancer gene therapy
Gene transfer techniques as applied to cancer gene therapy
Viral vectors
Non-viral vectors
A polymer approach to gene therapy for cancer
Direct gene delivery to the tumor
Injection into tumor
Reversible electroporation
Hematopoietic gene transfer
Genetic modification of human hematopoietic stem cells
Gene-based strategies for immunotherapy of cancer (immunogene therapy)
Cytokine gene therapy
Monoclonal antibody gene transfer
Transfer and expression of intracellular adhesion-1 molecules
Other gene-based techniques of immunotherapy of cancer
Fas (Apo-1)
Chemokines
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I
IGF (Insulin-Like Growth Factor)
Inhibition of immunosuppressive function
Delivery of toxic genes to tumor cells for eradication (molecular chemotherapy)
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
Combination of gene therapy with radiotherapy
Multipronged therapy of cancer with microencapsulated cells
Correction of genetic defects in cancer cells (mutation compensation)
Targeted gene therapy for cancer
Transcriptional targeting for cancer gene therapy
Targeted epidermal growth factor-mediated DNA delivery
Gene-based targeted drug delivery to tumors
Targeting gene expression to hypoxic tumor cells
Targeting gene expression by progression-elevated gene-3 promoter
Targeted delivery of retroviral particles hitchhiking on T cells
Targeting tumors with genetically modified T cells
Targeting tumors by genetically engineered stem cells
Tumor-targeted gene therapy by receptor-mediated endocytosis
Targeted site-specific delivery of anticancer genes by nanoparticles
Immunolipoplex for delivery of p53 gene
Combination of electrogene and electrochemotherapy
Virus-mediated oncolysis
Targeted cancer treatments based on oncolytic viruses
Oncolytic gene therapy
Cytokine-induced killer cells for delivery of an oncolytic virus
Facilitating oncolysis by targeting innate antiviral response by HDIs
Oncolytic HSV
Oncolytic adenoviruses
Oncolytic Coxsackie virus A21
Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus
Oncolytic measles virus
Oncolytic paramyxovirus
Oncolytic reovirus
Oncolytic vaccinia virus
Cancer terminator virus
Monitoring of viral-mediated oncolysis by PET
Companies developing oncolytic viruses
Bacteria as novel anticancer gene vectors
Apoptotic approach to improve cancer gene therapy
Concluding remarks on cancer gene therapy
Cancer gene therapy companies
Cell therapy for cancer
Cellular immunotherapy for cancer
Treatments for cancer by ex vivo mobilization of immune cells
Granulocytes as anticancer agents
Neutrophil granulocytes in antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer
Use of hematopoietic stem cells for targeted cancer therapy
Cancer vaccines
Nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines
DNA cancer vaccines
Methods of delivery of DNA vaccines
RNA vaccines
Viral vector-based cancer vaccines
Companies involved in nucleic acid-based vaccines
Genetically modified cancer cells vaccines
GVAX cancer vaccines
Genetically modified dendritic cells
Multipeptide-based cancer vaccines
5. Delivery strategies according to cancer type and location
Introduction
Bladder cancer
Intravesical drug delivery
Intravesical agents combined with systemic chemotherapy
Targeted anticancer therapy for bladder cancer
Prodrug EOquin for bladder cancer
Antisense treatment of bladder cancer
Gene therapy for bladder cancer
Brain tumors
Methods for evaluation of anticancer drug penetration into brain tumor
Innovative methods of drug delivery for glioblastoma multiforme
Anticancer agents with increased penetration of BBB
Nanoparticle delivery across the BBB for imaging and therapy of brain tumors
Intranasal perillyl alcohol
Combination of chemotherapy with radiotherapy
Local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor
Carmustine biodegradable polymer implants
Fibrin glue implants containing anticancer drugs
Biodegradable microspheres containing 5-FU
Magnetically controlled microspheres
Convection-enhanced delivery
Receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy
Delivery of a modified diphtheria toxin conjugated to transferrin
Convection-enhanced delivery with nanoliposomal CPT-11
Monoclonal antibodies targeted to brain tumors
Liposomes for drug delivery to brain tumors
Use of nanoparticles for drug delivery in glioblastoma multiforme
Lipid-coated microbubbles as a delivery vehicle for taxol
Targeted antiangiogenic/apoptotic/cytotoxic therapies for brain tumors
Multiple targeted drugs for brain tumors
Introduction of the chemotherapeutic agent into the CSF pathways
Intraventricular chemotherapy for meningeal cancer
Intrathecal chemotherapy
Increasing the permeability of blood-tumor barrier to anticancer drugs
BBB disruption
Nanoparticle-based targeted delivery of chemotherapy across the BBB
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor increases topotecan penetration into CNS
Intra-arterial chemotherapy
Interstitial delivery of dexamethasone for reduction of peritumor edema
Photodynamic therapy for chemosensitization of brain tumors
Nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of brain tumors
Innovative delivery of radiotherapy to brain tumors
GliaSite Radiation Therapy System
Boron neutron capture therapy for brain tumors
Cell therapy for glioblastoma multiforme
Mesenchymal stem cells to deliver treatment for gliomas
Gene therapy for glioblastoma multiforme
Single-chain antibody-targeted adenoviral vectors
Intravenous gene delivery with nanoparticles into brain tumors
Neural stem cells for drug/gene delivery to brain tumors
Peptides targeted to glial tumor cells
Targeting normal brain cells with an AAV vector encoding interferon-b
Treatment of medulloblastoma by suppressing genes in Shh pathway
Antiangiogenic gene therapy
Anticancer drug delivery by genetically engineered MSCs
RNAi gene therapy of brain cancer
Ligand-directed delivery of dsRNA molecules targeted to EGFR
Virus-mediated oncolytic therapy of brain cancer
Vaccination for glioblastoma multiforme
Breast Cancer
Combination targeted treatment stops breast cancer growth
Therapies for breast cancer involving innovative methods of drug delivery
Injectable biodegradable polymer delivery system for local chemotherapy
MammoSite brachytherapy
Monoclonal antibodies for breast cancer
Breast cancer vaccines
HER-2 DNA AutoVacÔ vaccine
Recombinant adenoviral ErbB-2/neu vaccine
Gene vaccine for breast cancer
NeuVax
Gene therapy for breast cancer
Intratumoral injection of Ad5CMV-p53
Antisense therapy for breast cancer
Inhibitors of growth factors FGF2 and VEGF
Drug delivery for cancer of the cervix and the uterus
Gene therapy for cervical cancer
Delivery of chemoradiation therapy
Cervical cancer vaccines
Leukemia
Clofarabine
Malignant melanoma
Targeted therapies for melanoma
Immunotherapy for malignant melanoma
Gene therapy for malignant melanoma
Neuroblastoma
Genetically modified NSCs for treatment of neuroblastoma
Non-small cell lung cancer
Intratumoral administration of anticancer drugs through a bronchoscope
Aerosol delivery of anticancer agents for lung cancer
Aerosol gene delivery for lung cancer
Ovarian cancer
Innovative drug delivery for ovarian cancer
Intraperitoneal delivery
Gene Therapy for ovarian cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Targeted chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer
Local anticancer drug delivery for pancreatic cancer
Vaccine for pancreatic cancer
Gene therapy for pancreatic cancer
Adenovirus-mediated transfer of vasostatin gene
Rexin-GÔ for targeted gene delivery in pancreatic cancer
Targeted Expression of BikDD gene
Prostate cancer
PACLIMER Microspheres
PRX302
Brachytherapy for cancer of prostate
Capridine-beta
LHRH for prostate cancer
LHRH analogs
Histrelin implant
Immunomodulatory drugs
MAbs for prostate cancer
Targeted therapies for prostate cancer
Delivery of cisplatin to prostate cancer by nanoparticles
Delivery of siRNAs to prostate cancer with aptamer-siRNA chimeras
Delivery of siRNA for prostate cancer with metastases
Nanoparticulate delivery of suicide DNA to prostate tumors
PSA-activated protoxin that kills prostate cancer
Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates
Targeting oncogene MDM2 in prostate cancer
Vascular targeting of prostate cancer
Gene therapy for cancer of prostate
Experimental studies
Tumor suppressor gene therapy in prostate cancer
Clinical trials
Combined approaches
Combined autovaccination and hyperthermia
Hepatocellular carcinoma
6. Cancer drug delivery markets
Introduction
Global markets for drug delivery
Estimation of cancer drug delivery markets
Methods used for market estimation
Cancer epidemiology
Cost of patient care in cancer
Market forecasts 2008-2018
Cancer drug market
Markets for leukemia
Markets for brain tumors
Geographical distribution of cancer markets
Factors affecting future cancer markets
Market share according to cancer drug delivery technologies
Antiangiogenesis therapies
Antineoplastic drug implants for systemic administration
Antisense therapy and RNAi
Cancer vaccines
Gene therapy
Liposomes for anticancer drugs
Monoclonal antibodies
Strategic aspects of cancer drug delivery
Unmet needs in cancer drug delivery
Future prospects of cancer drug delivery
Cancer drug delivery and pharmacogenomics
Drug delivery for cancer in the postgenomic era
Role of nanobiotechnology in development of cancer drug delivery markets
Expansion of cancer drug delivery markets in developing countries
Drivers for the development of drug delivery technologies in cancer
7. References
Tables
Table 1-1: Estimated new cases of cancer in the US at most involved organs - 2007
Table 1-2: Historical landmarks in drug delivery for cancer
Table 2-1: Innovative strategies against cancer
Table 2-2: A classification of antiangiogenic therapies
Table 2-3: Antiangiogenic agents in clinical trials
Table 2-4:Approaches to cancer therapy based on bacteria
Table 2-5: Cell therapy technologies used for cancer
Table 2-6: Non-nucleic acid cancer vaccines without genetic modification
Table 2-7: Cellular pathways as targets for anticancer therapies
Table 2-8: Examples of anticancer agents that target mitochondrial membranes
Table 2-9: Drugs targeting oncogenes
Table 2-10: Cancer therapies based on the P53
Table 2-11: Promise of personalized therapy in cancer
Table 2-12: Companies developing personalized therapy for cancer
Table 3-1: Routes of drug delivery in cancer
Table 3-2: Systemic intravenous drug delivery systems for chemotherapy of cancer
Table 3-3: Microparticles as therapeutic delivery systems in cancer
Table 3-4: Classification of nanobiotechnology approaches to drug delivery in cancer
Table 3-5: Liposome-based anticancer drug delivery
Table 3-6: Approved monoclonal antibodies for cancer
Table 3-7: Anticancer agents linked to monoclonal antibodies
Table 3-8: Monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials for cancer
Table 3-9: Strategies for drug delivery in cancer
Table 3-10: Implant systems for delivery of anticancer drugs into tumors
Table 3-11: Systemic delivery of drugs targeted to the tumor
Table 3-12: Methods of delivery of antiangiogenesis therapies
Table 3-13: Companies developing vascular targeting agents
Table 4-1: Mechanisms of anticancer effect of antisense oligonucleotides
Table 4-2: Methods of delivery of oligonucleotides for cancer therapy
Table 4-3: Antisense oligonucleotides in clinical trials for cancer
Table 4-4: Companies developing antisense and RNAi therapies for cancer
Table 4-5: Strategies for cancer gene therapy
Table 4-6: Enzyme/prodrug combinations employed in suicide gene therapy
Table 4-7: Mutation compensation strategies used clinically
Table 4-8: Companies developing oncolytic viruses
Table 4-9: Companies involved in cancer gene therapy
Table 4-10: Cell therapy technologies used for cancer
Table 4-11: Companies developing nucleic acids/genetically modified cells-based cancer vaccines
Table 5-1: Innovative methods of drug delivery for glioblastoma multiforme
Table 5-2: Strategies for gene therapy of malignant brain tumors
Table 5-3: Therapies for breast cancer involving innovative methods of drug delivery
Table 5-4: Gene therapy for malignant melanoma
Table 5-5: Targeted treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer
Table 5-6: Clinical trials of gene therapy in ovarian cancer
Table 5-7: Methods of drug delivery in pancreatic cancer
Table 5-8: Pharmacological strategies under investigation for cancer of the prostate
Table 5-9: Clinical trials in gene therapy for prostate cancer
Table 5-10: Drug delivery for hepatocellular carcinoma
Table 6-1: Worldwide drug delivery market growth 2008 to 2018
Table 6-2: Estimated worldwide prevalence of cancer according to type of cancer
Table 6-3: Estimated number of cancer patients in major markets 2008-2018
Table 6-4: Worldwide anticancer drug sales for selected cancers from 2008 to 2018
Table 6-5: Geographical distribution of cancer markets 2008-2018
Table 6-6: Market values of cancer drug delivery technologies from 2008-2018
Figures
Figure 1-1: An overview of some key steps in tumor angiogenesis
Figure 2-1: Schematic role of T-helper cells in immune response to cancer
Figure 3-1: Cyclacel's Penetratin Transport System for delivery of drugs to targets
Figure 3-2: Micelle for drug delivery in cancer
Figure 3-3: Mechanism of action of Targaceutical drugs
Figure 3-4: ALZA's DUROS implant
Figure 5-1: A concept of targeted drug delivery to GBM across the BBB
Figure 6-1: Unmet needs in cancer drug delivery
8. Companies involved in cancer drug delivery
Introduction
Profiles of companies
Collaborations
Tables
Table 8-1: Oncology pipeline of GlaxoSmithKline
Table 8-2: Roche pipeline of oncology products
Table 8-3: Collaborations of companies in cancer drug delivery
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