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Understanding Biofuels
Aruvian's R'search, Nov 2009, Pages: 150
A. Executive Summary
B. Basic Information on Biofuels
B.1 What are Biofuels?
B.2 Historical Perspective of Biofuels
B.3 Major Types of Biofuels Available
B.4 The Myriad Uses of Biofuels
B.5 What are Direct Biofuels - A Brief Profile
B.6 The Peaking of Oil Supplies & Role of Biofuels
C. What are First Generation Biofuels?
C.1 Vegetable Oil as a Fuel
C.1.1 Introduction
C.1.2 Historical Perspective
C.1.3 Application & Uses
C.1.4 Properties as a Fuel
C.1.5 Tax Incentives
C.1.6 Availability
C.1.7 Legal Framework
C.2 Biodiesel
C.2.1 Introduction
C.2.2 Historical Perspective
C.2.3 Technicalities
C.2.4 Applications & Uses
C.2.5 Concept of Gelling
C.2.6 Production & Availability
C.2.7 Feedstock
C.2.8 Economic Feasibility & Fuel Efficiency
C.2.9 Thermal Depolymerization
C.2.10 Environmental Advantages & Impacts of Biodiesel
C.3 Ethanol Fuel
C.3.1 Introduction
C.3.2 Chemistry of Ethanol
C.3.3 Sources & Production Process
C.3.3.1 Fermentation
C.3.3.2 Distillation
C.3.3.3 Dehydration
C.3.4 Looking at the Technology
C.3.5 Fuel Efficiency & Economy
C.3.6 Environmental Impact
C.3.7 Challenges & Issues
C.3.8 Current R&D
C.4 Butanol Fuel
C.4.1 Introduction
C.4.2 Production Process
C.4.3 Distribution
C.4.4 Fuel Efficiency & Economy
C.4.5 Octane Rating
C.4.6 Air to Fuel Ratio
C.4.7 Challenges & Issues
C.4.8 Butanol Fuel Mixtures
C.5 Methanol
C.5.1 Introduction
C.5.2 Historical Perspective
C.5.3 Production
C.5.4 Usage of Methanol
C.5.5 Health Issues
C.6 Alcohol Fuel
C.6.1 Introduction
C.6.2 Methanol & Ethanol
C.6.3 Propanol & Butanol
C.6.4 Case in Point - Brazil
C.7 Biogas
C.7.1 Introduction
C.7.2 Anaerobic Digestion
C.7.3 Looking at Landfill Gas
C.7.4 Converting Biogas to Natural Gas
C.7.5 Regulatory Framework for Landfill Gas
D. What are Second Generation Biofuels?
E. Disadvantages of Biofuels
E.1 Increase in Food Prices
E.2 Energy Efficiency of Biodiesel
E.3 Ecological Impact
E.4 Pollution
F. Advantages of Biofuels
F.1 Looking at Ethanol
F.2 Looking at Biodiesel
G. Use of Biofuels as a Transport Fuel
G.1 Australia
G.2 Brazil
G.3 Canada
G.4 China
G.5 Colombia
G.6 European Union
G.7 India
G.8 Thailand
G.9 United States
H. Economics of Biofuels
H.1 Feedstock Costs
H.2 Processing Costs
H.3 Sales & Use of Biofuel Co-products
H.4 Overall Process Costs
H.5 Environmental Cost of Biofuels
H.6 Selling Price of Biofuels & Role of Tax Incentives
H.7 Influence of Biofuels on Overall Economy
I. Biofuels & Vehicle Performance
I.1 Biofuel Emissions
I.2 Impact on Engines
I.3 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases
J. Feasibly Marketing Biofuels
J.1 Looking at Trends in Global Oil Price & its Affect
J.2 Agricultural Factors Come into Play
J.3 Biofuel Authorizations
J.4 What to do with Excess Feedstock?
K. Expansion of Energy & Ethanol
L. Financial & Economical Study of Biofuel Programs
M. A Green Biofuels Index - Is It Viable?
M.1 Introduction
M.2 Biofuel Production & Their Markets
M.3 Quantifying Environmental Performance
M.4 Building a Biofuels Index
M.5 Execution of a Biofuels Index
M.6 Case Studies
N. Biofuel Power Stations
N.1 Biofuel Power Stations in United States
N.1.1 Fibrominn
N.1.2 Southeast Steam Plant
N.2 Biofuel Power Stations in the United Kingdom
N.2.1 Didcot Power Station
N.2.2 Fiddlers Ferry Power Station
N.2.3 Glanford Power Station
O. Biofuel Case Studies & Programs
O.1 Brazils Ethanol Program
O.2 Jigawa Ethanol Program in Nigeria
O.3 National Biofuel Policy of Malaysia
O.4 Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation in UK
O.5 Willow Biomass Project in the US
O.6 Jatropha Oil Program in India
O.7 UNCTAD Biofuels Initiative
P. Looking at Biodiesel Globally
P.1 Australia
P.2 Brazil
P.3 Belgium
P.4 Canada
P.5 Costa Rica
P.6 Czech Republic
P.7 Estonia
P.8 Finland
P.9 Germany
P.10 India
P.11 Indonesia
P.12 Israel
P.13 Malaysia
P.14 Spain
P.15 Singapore
P.16 Taiwan
P.17 Thailand
P.18 UK
P.19 US
Q. Forecast for Biofuels Industry
R. Appendix
S. Glossary of Terms
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