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Aviation Growth and Global Warming
pmi-media ltd., June 2007, Pages: 250
Executive summary
Section one: Reason and methodology to the report
Section two: The aviation industry’s response to the challenge of climate change
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 The key technologies in which investment is needed to improve the environmental performance of civil aircraft
2.2 Manufacturing: research and development programmes to develop new, less Polluting engines
2.2.2 Introduction
2.2.3 State-funded research to improve greenhouse gas emissions
2.2.4 Significant engine company initiatives to improve greenhouse gas emissions
2.2.5 The propfan alternative
2.2.6 The “Clean Sky” industry initiative
2.2.7 Conclusions
2.3 Manufacturing: research and development programmes to improve airframe and aircraft systems technology
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Towards the lighter aircraft
2.3.3 Towards the all-electric aircraft – improved aircraft systems
2.3.4 Aerodynamic improvements
2.3.5 Winglets
2.3 6 More esoteric designs – lifting bodies
2.4 The potential of new fuels
2.4.1 Introduction
2.4.2 The USAF synthetic fuel-blend trials
2.4.3 Volvo Aero, SAS, Swedish Civil Aviation Authority and Oroboros (funded by Vinnova) alternative fuel study
2.4.4 Virgin Fuels
2.4.5 All-Electric Aircraft Propulsion – NASA Glenn
2.4.6 Other fuel trials – hydrogen and liquefied natural gas
2.4.7 Conclusions
2.5 Airlines: new operating concepts to lower emissions/noise using current infrastructure
2.5.1 Introduction
2.5.2 Re-equipping with new aircraft
2.5.3 Painting, cleaning and more efficient MRO
2.5.4 Better flight planning
2.5.5. Optimised aircraft and crew management
2.5.6 Flying at optimum altitudes and more slowly
2.5.7 Reducing weight in the cabin
2.6 Airports – managing emissions during taxiing and operations in and around the airport
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 Taxiing alternatives
2.6.3 APU alternatives
2.7 Air traffic management – providing more environmentally friendly routings
2.7.1 Introduction
2.7.2 Redesigning airspace to optimise aircraft efficiencies
2.7.3 The next major ATM efficiency improvement programmes
2.7.4 Continuous descent approaches into airports
Section three: Estimates of current and future environmental impact
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 The Communication from the EU Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - ‘Reducing the Climate Change Impact of Aviation’ 116
3.1.2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ‘Aviation and the Global Atmosphere’
3.1.3 Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) ‘Special Study:The Environmental Effects of Civil Aircraft in Flight’
3.1.4 The Stern Review
3.1.5 Stockholm Environment Institute ‘Aviation and Sustainability – A Policy Paper’
3.1.6 International Civil Aviation Organisation: Assembly 35th Session Working Paper: Agenda Item 15 - ‘Environmental Protection’ 119
3.1.7 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT ‘Aviation and the Environment’
3.1.8 ‘The possibility of introducing a kerosene tax on domestic flights
in Germany’. Dr E Pache - legal opinion commissioned by the Federal Republic of Germany’s Environment Agency
3.2 Forecasts given within the reports analysed
3.3. Forecasts and recommendations of studies proposing the introduction of financial mechanisms to restrict aviation growth
3.4 Recommendations of studies arguing against the introduction of financial mechanisms to restrict aviation growth
3.5 Recommendations from the examinations of how to apply financial mechanisms to aviation
Section four: Regulatory and other initiatives to curb greenhouse gas emissions from aviation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pressures on governments to restrict aviation growth
4.3 The EU’s emissions trading scheme (ETS)
4.4 Emissions trading outside the EU
4.5 CAEP/7 and emissions trading guidelines
4.6 European Union initiatives and proposals beyond the ETS
Appendix one: Airline initiatives to improve environmental performance
Appendix two – aeronautical research programmes with environmental mitigation elements, part-funded by the European Commission
Appendix three – report author biographies
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