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Developing a Hydrogen Economy: Challenges and Potential
Energy Business Reports, July 2007, Pages: 51
Hydrogen is the simplest, lightest and most abundant element in the universe, making up 90% of all matter. It is made up of just one electron and one proton and is, therefore, the first element in the periodic table.
A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical economy in which energy is stored and transported as hydrogen (H2). Various hydrogen economy scenarios can be envisaged using hydrogen in a number of ways. A common feature of these scenarios is using hydrogen as an energy carrier for mobile applications (vehicles, aircraft).
In the context of a hydrogen economy, hydrogen is not a primary energy source. Rather, hydrogen acts as a medium for energy. Nevertheless, controversy over the usefulness of a hydrogen economy is confused by issues of energy sourcing, including fossil fuel use, global warming, and sustainable energy generation. While these are all separate issues, the hydrogen economy impacts them all.
Proponents of a hydrogen economy suggest that hydrogen is a cleaner source of energy to end-users, particularly in transportation applications, where hydrogen eliminates the release of pollutants (such as greenhouse gasses) at the point of end use. These advantages may hold similarly with the use of hydrogen produced with energy from fossil fuels, provided carbon capture or carbon sequestration methods are utilized at the site of energy or hydrogen production.
Meanwhile, critics of a hydrogen economy argue that for many planned applications of hydrogen, direct use of energy in the form of electricity, chemical batteries and fuel cells, and production of liquid synthetic fuels from CO2, might accomplish many of the same net goals of a hydrogen economy, while requiring only a small fraction of the investment in new infrastructure.
This report addresses the concept of the Hydrogen Economy and sets forth the basic fundamentals behind this economy. The many uses of hydrogen, existing problems in harnessing hydrogen as an energy source, the infrastructure requirements of a hydrogen economy, requirements for government support, and the initiatives undertaken by major industry players, organizations, etc., are all discussed in detail.
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