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Ultra-Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice: Theory, Realization and Deployment
John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Dec 2007, Pages: 396
Contents
Preface
I INTRODUCTION
1 Introduction
1.1 TUTWSN
1.2 Contents of the Book
II DESIGN SPACE OF WSNS
2 WSN Properties
2.1 Characteristics of WSNs
2.2 WSN Applications
2.2.1 Commercial WSNs
2.2.2 Research WSNs
2.3 Requirements for WSNs
3 Standards and Proposals
3.1 Standards
3.1.1 IEEE 1451 standard
3.1.2 IEEE 802.15 standard
3.2 Variations of Standards
3.2.1 Wibree
3.2.2 Z-Wave
3.2.3 MiWi
4 Sensor Node Platforms
4.1 Platform Components
4.1.1 Communication subsystem
4.1.2 Computing subsystem
4.1.3 Sensing subsystem
4.1.4 Power subsystem
4.2 Existing Platforms
4.3 TUTWSN Platforms
4.3.1 Temperature sensing platform
4.3.2 SoC node prototype
4.3.3 Ethernet gateway prototype
4.4 Antenna Design
4.4.1 Antenna design flow
4.4.2 Planar antenna types
4.4.3 Trade-offs in antenna design
5 Design of WSNs
5.1 Design Dimensions
5.2 WSN Design Flow
5.3 Related Research on WSN Design
5.3.1 WSN design methodologies
5.4 WSN Evaluation Methods
5.5 WSN Evaluation Tools
5.5.1 Networking oriented simulators for WSN
5.5.2 Sensor node simulators
5.5.3 Analysis of evaluation tools
III WSN PROTOCOL STACK
6 Protocol Stack Overview
6.1 Outline of WSN Stack
6.1.1 Physical layer (PHY)
6.1.2 Data link layer (DLL)
6.1.3 Network layer
6.1.4 Transport layer
6.1.5 Application layer
7 MAC Protocols
7.1 Requirements
7.2 General Medium Access Control (MAC) Approaches
7.2.1 Contention protocols
7.2.2 Contention-free protocols
7.2.3 Multi-channel protocols
7.3 WSN MAC Protocols
7.3.1 Synchronized low duty-cycle protocols
7.3.2 Unsynchronized low duty-cycle protocols
7.3.3 Wake-up radio protocols
7.3.4 Summary
8 Routing Protocols
8.1 Requirements
8.2 Classifications
8.3 Operation Principles
8.3.1 Node-centric
8.3.2 Data-centric
8.3.3 Location-based
8.3.4 Multipath
8.3.5 Negotiation
8.3.6 Query
8.3.7 Cost-field based
8.4 Summary
9 Middleware and Application Layer
9.1 Motivation and Requirements
9.2 WSN Middleware Approaches
9.3 WSN Middleware Proposals
9.3.1 Interfaces
9.3.2 Virtual Machines
9.3.3 Database middlewares
9.3.4 Mobile agent middlewares
9.3.5 Application-driven middlewares
9.3.6 Programming abstractions
9.3.7 WSN middleware analysis
10 Operating Systems
10.1 Motivation and Requirements
10.1.1 OS services and requirements
10.1.2 Implementation approaches
10.2 Existing OSs
10.2.1 Event-handler OSs
10.2.2 Preemptive multi-threading OSs
10.2.3 Analysis
11 QoS Issues in WSN
11.1 Traditional QoS
11.2 Unique Requirements in WSNs
11.3 Parameters Defining WSN QoS
11.4 QoS Support in Protocol Layers
11.4.1 Application Layer
11.4.2 Transport layer
11.4.3 Network layer
11.4.4 Data link layer
11.4.5 Physical layer
11.5 Summary
12 Security in WSNs
12.1 WSN Security Threats and Countermeasures
12.1.1 Passive attacks
12.1.2 Active attacks
12.2 Security Architectures for WSNs
12.2.1 TinySec
12.2.2 SPINS
12.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 security
12.2.4 ZigBee security
12.2.5 Bluetooth security
12.3 Key Distribution in WSNs
12.3.1 Public-key cryptography
12.3.2 Pre-distributed keys
12.3.3 Centralized key distribution
12.4 Summary of WSN Security Considerations
IV TUTWSN
13 TUTWSN MAC Protocol
13.1 Network Topology
13.2 Channel Access
13.3 Frequency Division
13.4 Advanced Mobility Support
13.4.1 Proactive distribution of neighbor information
13.4.2 Neighbor discovery algorithm
13.4.3 Measured performance of ENDP protocol
13.5 Advanced Support for Bursty Traffic
13.5.1 Slot reservations within a superframe
13.5.2 On-demand slot reservation
13.5.3 Traffic adaptive slot reservation
13.5.4 Performance analysis
13.6 TUTWSN MAC Optimization
13.6.1 Reducing radio requirements
13.6.2 Network beacon rate optimization
13.7 TUTWSN MAC Implementation
13.8 Measured Performance of TUTWSN MAC
14 TUTWSN Routing Protocol
14.1 Design and Implementation
14.2 Related Work
14.3 Cost-Aware Routing
14.3.1 Sink initiated route establishment
14.3.2 Node initiated route discovery
14.3.3 Traffic classification
14.4 Implementation
14.4.1 Protocol architecture
14.4.2 Implementation on TUTWSN MAC
14.5 Measurement Results
14.5.1 Network parameter configuration
14.5.2 Network build-up time
14.5.3 Distribution of traffic
14.5.4 End-to-end delays
15 TUTWSN API
15.1 Design of TUTWSN API
15.1.1 Gateway API
15.1.2 Node API
15.2 TUTWSN API Implementation
15.2.1 Gateway API
15.2.2 Node API
15.3 TUTWSN API Evaluation
15.3.1 Ease of use
15.3.2 Resource consumption
15.3.3 Operational performance
16 TUTWSN SensorOS
16.1 SensorOS Design
16.1.1 SensorOS architecture
16.1.2 OS components
16.2 SensorOS Implementation
16.2.1 HAL implementation
16.2.2 Component implementation
16.3 SensorOS Performance Evaluation
16.3.1 Resource usage
16.3.2 Context switch performance
16.4 Lightweight Kernel Configuration
16.4.1 Lightweight OS architecture and implementation
16.4.2 Performance evaluation
16.5 SensorOS Bootloader Service
16.5.1 SensorOS bootloader design principles
16.5.2 Bootloader implementation
17 Cross-Layer Issues in TUTWSN 213
17.1 Cross-layer Node Configuration
17.1.1 Application layer
17.1.2 Routing layer
17.1.3 MAC layer
17.1.4 Physical layer
17.1.5 Configuration examples
17.2 Piggybacking Data
17.3 Self-configuration with Cross-layer Information
17.3.1 Frequency and TDMA selection
17.3.2 Connectivity maintenance
17.3.3 Role selection
18 Protocol Analysis Models
18.1 PHY Power Analysis
18.2 Radio Energy Models
18.2.1 TUTWSN radio energy models
18.2.2 ZigBee radio energy models
18.3 Contention Models
18.3.1 TUTWSN contention models
18.3.2 ZigBee contention models
18.4 Node Operation Models
18.4.1 TUTWSN throughput models
18.4.2 ZigBee throughput models
18.4.3 TUTWSN power consumption models
18.4.4 ZigBee power consumption models
18.5 Summary
19 WISENES Design and Evaluation Environment
19.1 Features
19.2 WSN Design with WISENES
19.3 WISENES Framework
19.3.1 Short Introduction to SDL
19.3.2 WISENES instantiation
19.3.3 Central simulation control
19.3.4 Transmission medium
19.3.5 Sensing channel
19.3.6 Sensor node
19.4 Existing WISENES Designs
19.4.1 TUTWSN stack
19.4.2 ZigBee stack
19.5 WISENES Simulation Results
19.5.1 Simulated node platforms
19.5.2 Accuracy of simulation results
19.5.3 Protocol comparison simulations
V DEPLOYMENT
20 TUTWSN Deployments
20.1 TUTWSN Deployment Architecture
20.1.1 WSN server
20.1.2 WSN and gateway
20.1.3 Database
20.1.4 User interfaces
20.2 Network Self-diagnostics
20.2.1 Problem statement
20.2.2 Implementation
20.3 Security Experiments
20.3.1 Experimental KDC-based key distribution and authentication scheme
20.3.2 Implementation experiments
21 Sensing Applications
21.1 Linear Position Metering
21.1.1 Problem statement
21.1.2 Implementation
21.1.3 Results
21.2 Indoor Temperature Sensing
21.2.1 WSN node design
21.2.2 Results
21.3 Environmental Monitoring
21.3.1 Problem statement
21.3.2 Implementation
21.3.3 Results
22 Transfer Applications
22.1 TCP/IP for TUTWSN
22.1.1 Problem statement
22.1.2 Implementation
22.1.3 Results
22.2 Real-time High-performance WSN
22.2.1 Problem statement
22.2.2 Implementation
22.2.3 Results
23 Tracking Applications
23.1 Surveillance System
23.1.1 Problem statement
23.1.2 Surveillance WSN design
23.1.3 WSN prototype implementation
23.1.4 Surveillance WSN implementation on TUTWSN prototypes
23.2 Indoor Positioning
23.2.1 Problem statement
23.2.2 Implementation
23.3 Team Game Management
23.3.1 Problem statement
23.3.2 Implementation
23.3.3 Example application scenario
VI CONCLUSIONS
24 Conclusions
Bibliography
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