Lithium-Ion And Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries, Lithium, Rare Earth Lanthanum And The Future Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Electric Vehicles 2009-2020
Amadee & Company, Inc, April 2009, Pages: 95
"Lithium-Ion And Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries, Lithium, Rare Earth Lanthanum And The Future Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Electric Vehicles - Global Markets, Technologies, And Opportunities: 2009-2020 Analysis and Forecasts"
The auto industry is about to enter a new era: the electrification of cars. The move to electrified cars will have dramatic, disruptive consequences to consumers, auto makers, input suppliers, battery producers, regulators, mining companies, oil producers, electric utilities, R&D activities and investors, among others. However, from this change will come enormous opportunities, including the reduction in CO2 and global warming, less dependence on oil, more geopolitical independence, technological advancements, very large, new industries and markets, and huge profits.
The economic, regulatory and technological advantages of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) means that dramatic growth in their adoption and usage will be seen over the next 11 years to 2020, both in the US and worldwide.
Batteries are the key technology enablers for the future of HEVs, PHEVs and EVs. Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries currently dominate the HEV market, but they soon will be replaced by lithium-ion ones.
The report analyzes the global market for HEVs, PHEVs and EVs during the 2009 to 2020 period. It also examines the global markets for nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries used in these vehicles, since batteries are the key technology enablers.
Since lithium is the key input for lithium-ion batteries and the rare earth lanthanum is the key input for nickel-metal hydride batteries, these markets also are discussed.
Electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery and nickel-metal hydride battery technologies are discussed in detail.
Profiles of major players in the HEV, PHEV, EV, lithium-ion batteries, NiMH batteries, lithium and rare earth markets are given, including company overview, activities related to these markets and financial information.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Background and Scope
Methodology and Sources
Statistical Notes
MARKET OVERVIEW
- Coming New Era: The Electrification Of Cars
- Economic Drivers
- Regulatory Drivers
- Technology Drivers
- Competitive Advantage of Hybrids, PHEVs, EVs
- Car Categories
- Hybrid Offerings By OEM
- Cost Vs. Payback
- Governments Role
- Battery Is The Key
- Nickel– Metal Hydride Batteries
- Lithium– Ion Batteries
- Lithium– Ion Car Batteries
- Lithium– Ion Battery Costs
- Global Car Production
- Global Hybrid Car Market
- Global NIMH Hybrid Car Battery Market
- Global Lithium– Ion Car Battery Market
- Lithium Demand in Lithium– Ion Batteries For Hybrids, PHEVs and EVs
- Lanthanum Demand in NIMH Batteries for HEVs
- Opportunities
- Risks
- Competitive Environment
- Winners
- A123 Systems, Altairnano, BYD, Dong Energy, Electrovaya, Ener1, GS Yuasa, Johnson Controls– Saft, LG Chem, Toshiba, Toyota,US Automotive Battery Consortium
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- Definitions: EV, RESS, FEV, BEV, HEV, PHEV
- FEVs/Electric cars
- Electric Cars History
- Electric Cars Present and Future
- EV offerings: Aptera Motors, Chrysler, Daimler AG, Dodge, Ford, Fuji Heavy Industries, General Motors, Honda, Miles Electric Vehicles, Mitsubishi Motors, Renault, REVA, Tata, Tesla Motors, Toyota Motor Corp.
- Plug– In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
- PHEV offerings: Aptera Motors, BYD Auto, Fisker Automotive, General Motors, Toyota Motor Corp., Volkswagen
- EV Advantages: running costs, Carbon Dioxide Emissions
- Criticisms
- Acceleration and Drivetrain Design
- Charging Issues
- Charging Stations and Battery Swaping: Power Requirements, Project Better Place
- Travel Range Before Recharging
- Swapping And Removing
- Battery Lifespan
- Safety Issues
- UltraBatteries/Supercapacitors: AFS Trinity, EEstor. Zenn Motor Company
- The National Alliance for Advanced Transportation Battery Cell Manufacture
- 2009 Economic Stimulus Bill
- Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program
- A123Systems, Advanced Mechanical Products, Chrysler, Ener1, Ford, GM
- Political Drivers For Electric Vehicles
- Road Map To The Future
BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES
- EV Batteries
- Lead– Acid Batteries
- Firefly Energy
- Zebra Battery
- Nickel– Metal Hydride Batteries
- Cobasys , GM Ovonic
- Lithium– Ion Batteries
- A123Systems, LG Chem, Subaru
- Lithium– Ion Battery History
- Lithium– Ion Electrochemistry
- Lithium– Ion Advantages
- Lithium– Ion Disadvantages: shelf life, high internal resistance, protection circuits required, safety features
- Specification and Design
- Improvements To Lithium– Ion Battery Technology: maganese spinel cathodes, lithium iron phosphate cathode with traditional anode, high power cathode using lithium nickel manganese cobalt, traditional cathode with lithium titanate anode, combined anode and cathode developments
- Research Developments
- Prolonging Life in Multiple Cells Through Cell Balancing
- Safety
- Comparison of Rechargeable Battery Technologies
- Electric Vehicle Battery Manufacturers
- Lithium– Ion Battery Developers– Expected Vehicles
- A123Systems, Altair Technologies, Altairno, Electrovaya, EnerDel, E– One Moli Energy, Hitachi, Imara Corporation, Johnson Conrols– Saft, LG Chem, Lishen, NEC Corp., Panasonic EV Energy Co., Phoenix Motorcars, Samsung, Sanyo, Valence Technology
LITHIUM
- Background
- Production
- Competitive Environment
- Consumption
- Prices
- Foreign Trade
- World Review
- Argentina
- Australia
- Bolivia
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Finland
- Serbia
- Outlook
- Supply-Demand Controversies
- Admiralty Resources NL, Avalon Rare Metals Inc., Chemetall Foote Corp.,FMC Corp., GlobeStar Mining Corp., Keliber Oy, HudBay Minerals Corp.,Nordic Mining ASA, Rio Tinto Plc., SQM, Sumitomo Corp.,Talison Minerals Pty, Ltd., Western Lithium Corp.
RARE EARTHS
- Background
- Technological Applications
- Geologic Distribution
- Lanthanum
- REE Production
- REE Consumption
- REE Prices
- REE Resources
- US Competitive Environment
- World Competitive Environment
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- China
- Japan
- Malaysia
- Outlook
- NiMH Batteries Lanthanum Supply Limits
- Advanced Material Japan Corporation, Alkane Explorations Ltd.,Avalon Rare Metals Inc., Baotou Steel, Grace Davison,Great Western Minerals Group Ltd.,Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-Tech Co Ltd., Lynas Corp. Ltd.,Molycorp, Inc., Rhodia Electronics and Catalysis, Santoku America, Inc.
COMPANY PROFILES
- A123 Systems, Inc.
- Arafura Resources Limited
- Avalon Rare Metals Inc.
- Enax, Inc.
- EnerSys
- FMC Corp
- Ford Motor Company
- General Motors
- Great Western Minerals Group Ltd.
- GS Yuasa Corporation
- Honda Motor Co., Ltd
- Johnson Controls
- Inner Mongolia Baotousteel Rare Earth Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.
- LG Chem Ltd.
- Lynas Corporation Ltd.
- NEC Corporation
- Nordic Mining ASA
- Rhodia SA
- Rockwood Holdings
- SANYO Electric Co., Ltd.
- SQM S.A.
- Tesla Motors, Inc.
- Toyota Motor
- Western Lithium Canada Corporation
- BMW
- Chevron Corporation
- Compact Power, Inc.
- Continental Automotive Systems
- Daimler AG
- Energy Conversion Devices
- Ford Motor Co.
- Magna International Inc.
- Saft
- STMicroelectronics
- Tanfield Group
TABLES:
1 Global Motor Vehicle Production By Region And Country: 2007
2 Global Car Production By Region: 2004-2007
3 Global Car Production By Type: 2008-2020
4 US /European Hybrid Car Markets: 2015-2020
5 Global Hybrid Car And Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Markets: 2008-2020
6 Global Hybrid/PHEV/EV Lithium-Ion Battery Market: 2015-2020
7 Global Lithium Demand In Hybrids, Phevs, Evs: 2020
8 Global Lanthanum Demand In Hybrids: 2020
9 Battery Producers, Car OEMS, Lithium Miners And Rare Earth Miners Company Financial Comparisons
10 Lithium-Ion Battery Developers-Expected Vehicles
11 US /Global Lithium Market
12 Lithium Minerals And Brine-World Production By Country: 2004-2007
13 Global Lithium Reserves By Source: 2008
14 Global Lithium Reserves By Country: 2008
15 Rare Earths: Estimated World Production By Country: 2002-2006
16 US Earth Elements Consumption: 2003-2007
17 Rare Earth Oxide Prices By Type: 2006
18 Rare Earth Contents Of Major And Potential Source Minerals: 2007
19 World Rare Earth Elements Production And Reserves: 2007
FIGURES:
1 Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Technologies
- A123 Systems, Inc.
- Arafura Resources Limited
- Avalon Rare Metals Inc.
- Enax, Inc.
- EnerSys
- FMC Corp
- Ford Motor Company
- General Motors
- Great Western Minerals Group Ltd.
- GS Yuasa Corporation
- Honda Motor Co., Ltd
- Johnson Controls
- Inner Mongolia Baotousteel Rare Earth Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.
- LG Chem Ltd.
- Lynas Corporation Ltd.
- NEC Corporation
- Nordic Mining ASA
- Rhodia SA
- Rockwood Holdings
- SANYO Electric Co., Ltd.
- SQM S.A.
- Tesla Motors, Inc.
- Toyota Motor
- Western Lithium Canada Corporation
- BMW
- Chevron Corporation
- Compact Power, Inc.
- Continental Automotive Systems
- Daimler AG
- Energy Conversion Devices
- Ford Motor Co.
- Magna International Inc.
- Saft
- STMicroelectronics
- Tanfield Group
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