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Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement in India


Description: Faced with a dramatic slowdown in sales in mature pharmaceutical markets, multinational pharmaceutical companies are looking to substantially increase their sales in India and other emerging markets. The Indian market is growing by more than 10% per year, but foreign companies will need to overcome significant obstacles to succeed in a market currently dominated by domestic manufacturers.

Questions Answered in This Report

The Indian population is forecast to grow from its present size of 1.2 billion to 1.7 billion in 2050.
- How will the age breakdown of the population evolve over time?
- How will the balance between India’s urban and rural populations change in the coming years?

Only a minority of Indians have health insurance.
- What are the main forms of health insurance?
- How do most Indians fund healthcare and medications?

The Indian government controls the prices of 74 scheduled medicines.
- Which agents are subject to price control?
- How are prices of other drugs regulated?
- How does the government penalize overcharging for drugs?
- How do prices in India compare with prices in other markets?
- What pricing reforms is the Indian government contemplating?

Scope

- Demographic trends: population breakdown by age and sex; population breakdown by geographic distribution.

- Organization and funding of healthcare: overview of the Indian healthcare system; access to healthcare; health insurance; out-of-pocket expenditures.

- Pharmaceutical pricing: historical price controls; current price control system; price adjustments; penalties for overcharging for drugs; international price comparison; multinational companies’ pricing strategies.

- Outlook and implications for the pharmaceutical industry: encouraging commercial outlook; potential government reforms; opportunities and threats for multinationals.


Contents: Executive Summary
- Strategic Considerations
- Stakeholder Implications

Overview

Demographic Trends
- Demographics by Age
- Demographics

Organization and Funding of Healthcare
- Overview
- Access to Healthcare
- - Public Healthcare Infrastructure
- - Corporate
- Health Insurance
- - Voluntary Individual Health Insurance
- - Community-Based or Nongovernmental-Organization-Sponsored Health Insurance
- - Employer-Sponsored Coverage
- - Government-Sponsored Insurance Programs
- Out-of-Pocket Expenditures

Pharmaceutical Market Trends
- Historical Development of the Indian Pharmaceutical Market
- Recent Market Trends

Intellectual Property Rights

Regulation of the Indian Pharmaceutical Market

Pharmaceutical Pricing
- Historical Price Controls
- Current Price Control System
- - Scheduled Medicines
- - Nonscheduled Medicines
- Price Adjustments
- Penalties for Overcharging for Drugs
- International Price Comparison
- Multinational Companies’ Pricing Strategies in India

Distribution Challenges

Measures to Promote Greater Use of Inexpensive Generics

Outlook and Implications for the Pharmaceutical Industry
- Encouraging Commercial Outlook Despite Signifi cant Challenges
- Potential Government Reforms
- - New Price Controls for Patented Drugs
- - Foreign Models for Price Setting
- - Expansion of the List of Scheduled Medicines
- - Monopoly Purchase of Certain Products
- - Signifi cance for Drug Manufacturers
- Opportunities and Threats for Multinationals

Tables

1. Rural, Urban, and Major City Populations (thousands), 2008-2018
2. International Brands Launched in India, January 2005 to April 2009
3. Scheduled Medicines in India
4. Ex-Manufacturer Prices of Select Drugs in India and Other Major Markets as a Percentage of U.S. Prices, 2008

Figures

1. Population Breakdown by Age and Sex
2. Population Growth, by Age-Group, 2008-2025
3. Urban Versus Rural Population Growth, 2008-2025
4. Number of Prices Fixed or Revised by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, January 2000 to August 2009
5. Indian Prices of Select International Brands as a Percentage of the Respective U.S. Prices, 2008
6. Indian Prices of Select International Brands and the Most Frequently Prescribed Domestic Generic Equivalents


Companies Mentioned - Artemis Health Institute - AstraZeneca - Aurobindo - Biocon - Central Government Research Institute - Cipla - Columbia Asia - Daiichi Sankyo - Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories - Eli Lilly - EMAAR Group - Fortis Healthcare - General Insurance Corporation (GIC) - GlaxoSmithKline - Goldman Sachs - Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd. (HAL) - Indian Drug Manufacturers’ Association - Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (IDPL) - International Monetary Fund - Johnson & Johnson - Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India - Manipal Group - Max Healthcare - MediCity - Merck & Co. - Natco Pharma - National Chemical Laboratory - National Insurance Corporation - National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) - New India Assurance Company - Nicholas Piramal - Novartis - Novo Nordisk - ORG IMS Research - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI) - Oriental Insurance Company - Pacific Healthcare Holding - Paras Group - Parkway Group - Pfi zer - Prexus Healthcare Partners - Ranbaxy - Roche - Sandoz - Sanofi -Aventis - Shantha Biotechnics - Sun Pharma - Torrent Pharmaceuticals - United Insurance Company - United Nations International Children‘s Emergency Fund (UNICEF; now known as the United Nations Children’s Fund) - USV - Wockhardt - Wockhardt Hospitals - World Health Organization (WHO)


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