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U.S. Epigenetics Markets

Frost & Sullivan, Dec 2009, Pages: 111


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Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence. This additional level of transcriptional regulation goes beyond genetic information stored in the DNA sequence to regulate gene activity. Thus, epigenetics is essentially the missing link between genotype and phenotype that had escaped researchers until the recent surge in epigenetic discovery.

The study of two major areas of epigenetics research, DNA methylation and chromatin and histone analysis, continue to uncover the critical importance of these mechanisms in various biological processes. DNA methylation is actively involved in gene expression, development, and cellular differentiation, with aberrant behavior resulting in many types of diseases. The study of chromatin and histone analysis has demonstrated that protein-DNA interactions are critical in processes such as replication, recombination, transcription, repair, chromosomal stability, epigenetic silencing and cell-cycle progression. Abnormal expression of these mechanisms also results in malfunction and disease. This research has deemed epigenetics important in many different fields, causing researchers to adopt epigenetic methods to see if they answer their biological questions that have not been answered through more established genomic and proteomic technologies.

Most technologies used for DNA methylation analysis involve a bisulfite conversion treatment, which converts non-methylated cytosine to uracil while leaving methylated cytosine bases untouched. Following this conversion step, researchers may utilize one of various DNA methylation analysis technologies available. These include bisulfite sequencing, pyrosequencing, methylation specific PCR (MSP), combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE), high resolution melting (HRM), and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP). For chromatin and histone analysis, most researchers utilize chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), a technique that studies protein-DNA interactions, in vivo, occurring at specific regions of the genome of interest. These proteins may be in the form of histones, transcription factors, polymerases, or other DNA-binding proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is often performed with complete ChIP kits and is usually followed by either quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarray technology (ChIP-on-chip or ChIP-chip), or, more recently, next-generation sequencing (ChIP-sequencing or ChIP-seq. Researchers may study these epigenetic events in targeted regions of the genome, or with a whole-genome approach.

With researchers increasingly adopting epigenetics research resulting in a healthy growth rate for epigenetic products, many life sciences companies have entered the market to take advantage of the fast-paced research. Epigenetic product vendors range from small vendors focusing nearly exclusively on the epigenetics market to well-established companies looking to offer complete workflows for the life sciences. The epigenetics market has become increasingly competitive as new competitors have entered the market each year since market conception. The number of new entries into the market has slowed over the past two years due to little opportunity to greatly improve upon current products in order to overcome late entry and gain market share. More commonly, companies are looking to develop next-generation, or disruptive technologies to current methods.

For the purpose of this study, the epigenetics market is divided into two major segments, namely bisulfite conversion kits and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The chromatin immunoprecipitation market is further divided into two sub-segments, including chromatin immunoprecipitation kits (ChIP kits) and chromatin immunoprecipitation arrays (ChIP-on-chip or ChIP-chip).

The total U.S. epigenetics market includes sales of bisulfite conversion kits, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) kits, and chromatin immunoprecipitation arrays (ChIP-on-chip). Analysis technologies that follow bisulfite conversion are not included. To maintain scope, individual reagents purchased for 'homebrew' bisulfite conversion are excluded from this study. Kits that provide methylated DNA, or perform clean-up, but do not perform bisulfite conversion are also excluded. Furthermore, bisulfite conversion services performed by services providers or core facilities are not included. While ChIP-sequencing usage is discussed, the revenues associated with this technique are excluded due to unclear next-generation sequencing instrument application usage. To maintain scope, individual reagents purchased for 'homebrew' chromatin immunoprecipitation are excluded from this study. ChIP-grade antibodies sold separately from complete ChIP kits are also excluded due to their multiple applications. Kits that provide immunoprecipitated DNA, or perform clean-up, but do not perform chromatin immunoprecipitation are also excluded. The market serves academic and government institutions, services providers, diagnostic companies, pharmaceutical companies, and biotechnology companies. Revenues generated from sales to each of these end-user groups are included. This research service covers the epigenetics markets in the U.S. with the base year as 2009. The forecast values for the total market include the revenues generated from the sales of bisulfite conversion kits, chromatin immunoprecipitation kits, and chromatin immunoprecipitation arrays. The study period for this research service is from 2006 to 2016.

Research Methodology

The majority of the quantitative and qualitative information contained in the following research was acquired though primary research obtained from providers of epigenetics research products. Industry-specific information obtained includes:

- Epigenetics revenue breakdowns by market segments

- Projected growth rates of various competitors

- Top-level market information, including market and technology trends

- Market drivers and restraints

- Industry challenges and strategic recommendations

- Company revenues and market share

Most consultations were conducted with product managers, marketing managers, marketing directors, and business development directors of various participants in the epigenetics markets.

Supplementary research was conducted utilizing secondary sources including:

- Scientific Journals

- Online media

- Frost & Sullivan databases and research services

- Publicly available corporate filings

- Newsletters

Forecasts were based on the data and analyses regarding industry challenges, market drivers and restraints, and market trends. If specific revenues or market sizes were unavailable, estimates were derived through consultations with industry experts, augmented by secondary research. Growth trends specific to certain market participants are based on consultations, past growth rates, and technology reviews.


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