Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: United States 2009
OECD Publishing, December 2009, Pages: 192
First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on the United States contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action.
The current major economic downturn has brought about a significant worsening in the labour market performance of US youth. In the two years to September 2009, the employment rate of youth aged 16-24 fell by 7 percentage points to 46% and their unemployment rate rose by 7 percentage points to 18%. Despite talk that the worst of the recession may be over, there is little doubt that its labour market consequences will persist over the coming quarters.
Evidence from the aftermath of the early 2000s slowdown in the United States casts doubts on how quickly the youth labour market is likely to recover from the current deep recession. Indeed, in 2007, the labour market performance of youth still stood significantly below its 2000 level. The youth employment rate was 53% in 2007 compared with 60% in 2000; the youth unemployment rate, at 11%, was about 1 percentage point higher than its 2000 level.
Abbreviations
Summary and main recommendations
Introduction
<STRONG>Chapter 1. The Challenges Ahead</STRONG>
-1. Demographic projections
-2. Youth labour market outcomes
-3. Beyond averages: The role of gender, education, ethnicity and age
-4. Key steps in school-to-work transitions: leaving education and finding the first job
-5. School-to-work transition pathways
-6. Key points
<STRONG>Chapter 2. Initial Education and Learning on the Job
</STRONG>-1. Performance of the education system
-2. Improving education outcomes through quality early-childhood education and care
-3. Tackling school-failure through accurate measurement and school accountability
-4. Strengthening alternative education and appllied learning routes
-5. The main challenges facing the tertiary education system
-6. Work and study and study at work
-7. Key points
<STRONG>Chapter 3. Removing Demand-Side Barriers
</STRONG>-1. Economic growth and youth employment
-2. Employers' perspectives on the readiness to work of new labour market entrants
-3. Wages and labour costs
-4. Employment protection legislation is lax in the United States
-5. Key points
<STRONG>Chapter 4. Workforce Development: Remedial Education and Employability Measures</STRONG>
-1. Counting disconnected youth in the United States
-2. The role of the Department of Labour in helping disconnected youth: the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) formula grants
-3. What works for disconnected youth: nationwide programmes and their evaluation
-4. Benefits and re-employment services for the unemployed and disabled youth
-5. Key points
Bibliography
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