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Cell and Stem Cell Therapies for Diabetes

BioPolaris, Feb 2010, Pages: 58


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In 2030, three leading countries with diabetes population, India, China and the USA, will have over 150 million people with diabetes. For the USA, researchers from the University of Chicago (USA) forecast that in the next 25 years, the size of the USA population with diabetes, both diagnosed and undiagnosed, will rise from approximately 24 million now to 44 million by the year 2034. Economic impact of diabetes is enormous. During the period of next 25 years, the USA annual diabetes-related spending is expected to increase from $113 billion to $336 billion, and in the period from 2006-2015, China  will lose at least $558 billion of its national income due to the combination of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

Pancreatic islet cell transplantation and particularly stem cell-based therapies have a huge potential to restore glucose control in patients with diabetes, without risk of serious hypoglycemic adverse effects associated with insulin therapy, and safety issues of other anti-diabetes treatments.

Recent investigations in the area of regeneration of insulin-producing cells reveals that, in addition to primary source, pancreatic islet cells, insulin-producing cells can be derived from several other sources, including adult mesenchymal and hematopoetic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, engineered stem cells, and embryonic stem cells.

The Cell and Stem Cell Therapies for Diabetes report addresses the recent advances in research and development of pancreatic islet cell and stem cell therapies for the treatment of diabetes.

The report reveals that Cell and Stem Cell Therapies for Diabetes R & D pipeline contains 19 products in development. Four of them are islet cells (21%), ten are various adult stem cells and their progeny (53%), and five (26%) are embryonic-like stem cells-derived insulin-producing cells. Out of ten products using adult stem cells only three (30%) are autotransplants, significantly less than in other adult stem cells-based pipelines. On the other hand, participation of embryonic and embryonic-like stem cell-based products in this pipeline is the highest in comparison with stem cell-based products for the treatment of cardiac and peripheral arterial diseases, spinal cord injury and stroke. Despite large research work done in the area of islet cell applications for the treatment of diabetes, and large number of completed and active clinical trials that are evaluating islet cells, currently only four products with islet cells are undergoing development with goal to be commercialized, showing small interest for this type of products among biotechnology companies. And development of two of those products is non-active. Also, porcine islet cells are used for xenotransplantation in only two products. Surprisingly, this is a very young pipeline with 14 out of 19 products (74%) in preclinical stage of development, and only one product in clinical Phase II.



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