Contents:

PART 1 INFECTION CONTROL AND BARRIER MATERIALS Infection control and barrier materials: an overview S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Wound infection - Hospital protective materials - Bibliography Antimicrobial properties of silver-containing chitosan fibres Y Qin and C Zhu, The Biochemical Materials Research and Development Centre, China - Introduction - Experimental - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Copper-impregnated antimicrobial textiles: an innovative weapon to fight infection G Borkow, A Felix and J Gabbay, Cupron Inc, USA - Copper as a biocide - Incorporation of copper oxide into natural and synthetic fibres - Biocidal properties of fabrics containing copper oxide - Clinical studies - Discussion - References A review of the role of microwaves in the destruction of pathogenic bacteria A S Lamb and E Siores, University of Bolton, UK - Microwave interactions with materials - Fixed frequency microwave interactions with bacteria - Work carried out at the University of Bolton - Flow cytometry - Concluding remarks - References Antimicrobial bioactive band-aids with prolonged and controlled action P Skundric, L Simovic, M Kostic, A Medovic, K Milosevi and S Dimitrijevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia - Introduction - Experimental - Experimental results and discussion - Conclusion - References Comparison of antimicrobial textile treatments E Smith, J T Williams, S E Walsh and P Painter, De Montfort University, UK - Introduction - Materials and methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Evaluation of plasma-deposited anti-adhesive and anti-bacterial coatings on medical textiles A J Paul, F Bretagnol, G Buyle, C Colin, O Lefranc and H Rauscher, CSMA Ltd, UK - Plasma treatment of textiles - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToFSIMS) - References Controlling the spread of infections in hospital wards by the use of antimicrobials on medical textiles and surfaces W C White, AEGIS Environmental Management, USA, R. Bellfield, Carrington Career and Workwear Ltd, UK, J Ellis, Devan-PPT Chemicals Ltd, UK and Ir P Vandendaele, Devan Chemicals NV, Belgium - Introduction - Microorganisms - Antimicrobials - Organofunctional silane antimicrobial technology - Verification techniques and safety profile - Potential uses - Hospital blankets - Nonwoven surgical drapes - Wound care silk dressings - Carpeting - Uniforms - Silicone rubber - Case study: the Arthur G - James Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute - Summary - References Inherently antimicrobial alchite fibres developed for wound care applications M Miraftab, C Iwu, C Okoro and G Smart, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Production methodology - Results and discussions - Conclusions - References Antimicrobial textiles for health and hygiene applications based on eco-friendly natural products M Joshi, R Purwar and S W Ali, Indian Institute of Technology, India and S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Natural antimicrobial agents for textile substrates - Antimicrobial finishing of textiles based on neem extract - Conclusion - References Investigation of the filtration properties of medical masks M Akalin, I Usta, D Kocak and M S Ozen, Marmara University, Turkey - Introduction - Materials and method - Results - Conclusion - References Lint release characteristics of nonwoven wipes V K Kothari and R Loganathan, Indian Institute of Technology, India - Introduction - Design of measurement apparatus - Materials and methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions Development of antimicrobial polyester using neem extract S W Ali, B Gupta and M Joshi, Indian Institute of Technology, India - Introduction - Materials - Methods - Results and discussion - Conclusion - References Fixation of cationic antibacterial products before dyeing: a more ecological process R V Vieira, J G Santos, G M B Soares and J I N R Gomes, University of Minho, Portugal - Introduction - Experimental - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Preliminary studies into wash-fast antimicrobial treatments of polyester O Hauck, N Allen, G C Lees, H Rowe and J Verran, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK - Introduction - Background - Methodology - Results - Future work - References Enzyme-catalysed coupling of functional antioxidants onto protein fibres S Jus and G M Guebitz, Technical University of Graz, Austria and V Kokol, University of Maribor, Slovenia - Introduction - Materials and methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References PART 2 HEALTHCARE AND HYGIENE PRODUCTS Healthcare and hygiene products: an overview S C Anand, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Recent advances - References Cellulosic materials for odor and pH control J K Dutkiewicz, Buckeye Technologies Inc, USA - Introduction - Experimental model - Ammonia emission studies - FreshcomfortTM technology - Conclusions - References Development of a high-absorbent sanitary napkin A Das, V K Kothari and S Makhija, Indian Institute of Technology, India - Introduction - Experimental - Results and discussions - Conclusions - References Retention of anionic surfactant following garment laundering and its potential effect on dermatitis sufferers H D Rowe, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK - Introduction - Experimental - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - References Preparation of protective disposable hygiene fabrics for medical applications M Montazer, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran, F Rangchi, Tehran Azad University, Iran and F Siavoshi, Tehran University, Iran - Introduction - Experimental - Conclusions - References Development of surgical clothing from bamboo fibres K Ramachandralu, PSG College of Technology, India - Introduction - Materials and methods - Results and discussions - Conclusions - References Thermal characterization and mechanical properties of PLA yarns A M Manich, M Marti and R M Sauri, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Spain, D Cayuela, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain and M Ussman, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal - Introduction - Materials - Methods - Results - Discussion and conclusions - References PART 3 WOUND CARE MATERIALS Wound care materials: an overview M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Wounds: natural healing mechanisms versus wound care materials - Review of papers on wound care materials - References Controlled drug release from nanofibrous polyester materials M J Bide, University of Rhode Island, USA, M D Phaneuf and T M Phaneuf, BioSurfaces, USA and P J Brown, Clemson University, USA - Introduction - Experimental - Results - Conclusions - References Development of odour (volatile molecule) adsorbent materials for healthcare G Lee, S C Anand and S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK and I Walker, Lantor (UK) Ltd, UK - Introduction - Odour adsorbent materials - Experimental work - Results - Conclusions - References Development of a decision support system for determination of suitable dressings for wounds K G Karthick and M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK and J Ashton, Bolton Primary Care Trust, UK - Introduction - Research amongst nursing staff - The need for a decision support system - Expert systems in medicine - Decision support system for wound dressing selection - Conclusion - References Treatment of cotton fabrics with ethyl cellulose microcapsules B Voncina, V Vivod and D Jausovec, University of Maribor, Slovenia - Introduction - Experimental - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Measuring interface pressure in compression garments for burns patients E Maklewska, A Nawrocki, K Kowalski and W Tarnowski, Institute of Knitting Technology and Techniques, Poland - Introduction - Investigation methods - Test material - Test results and discussion - Conclusions - References Psyllium: current and future applications R Masood and M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - The psyllium plant - History - Traditional food applications - Physiochemical properties of psyllium - Recent medical application of psyllium - Other applications of psyllium - Conclusions - References PART 4 BANDAGING AND PRESSURE GARMENTS Bandaging and pressure garments: an overview S C Anand, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Causes of venous disorders - Factors which determine sub-bandage pressure - Classification of compression bandages - Recent advances in compression therapy - Single-layer compression bandages - References Biomaterials with controlled elasticity for post-operation recovery M Carmen and E Alexandra, The National Institute for Textile and Leather, Romania - Introduction - Testing cytotoxicity and sensitizing potential - Testing methods - Results: sensitizing and irritation potential - Conclusions - References A study of the pressure profile of compression bandages and compression garments for treatment of venous leg ulcers M Sikka, S Ghosh and A Mukhopadhyay, National Institute of Technology, India - Introduction - Materials - Method - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Development of three-dimensional structures for single-layer compression therapy S Rajendran and S C Anand, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - The treatment of venous leg ulcers - Compression systems - Problems with current bandages - 3D compression bandages - Materials and methods - Results and discussion - Summary - References Intermittent pneumatic compression and bandaging: the effects of external pressure applied over bandaging S Rithalia and M Leyden, University of Salford, UK - Introduction - Methods and materials - Results - Conclusions - References Physiological effects of Lycra® pressure garments on children with cerebral palsy J Attard, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK and S Rithalia, University of Salford, UK - Introduction - Cerebral palsy - Dynamic Lycra® pressure garments - Aims and objectives of study - Method - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - References Empirical modelling of elastic properties of pressure garments for healthcare S Pereira, S C Anand and S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK and C Wood, Baltex Ltd, UK - Introduction - Experimental - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Investigation of elastic properties of multiaxial warp knitted bandages M Akalin, D Kocak, S I Mistik and M Uzun, Marmara University, Turkey - Introduction - Materials and methods - Results - Conclusions - References PART 5 IMPLANTABLE MATERIALS Implantable materials: an overview S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Vascular grafts - Knee implants - Mesh grafts - Scaffolds - Bibliography Designing vena cava filters with textile structures J Yoon and M W King, North Carolina State University, USA and E Johnson, Crux Biomedical Inc, USA - Introduction - Current filters for embolic protection - Discussion - Conclusion - References Application of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a biomaterial in medical textiles S Houis and T Gries, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, E M Engelhardt and F Wurm, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland - Introduction - State of the art - Production of medical textiles - Projects using PVDF for medical applications - Conclusion - References Textile scaffolds for tissue engineering – near future or just vision? D Aibibu, S Houis, M S Harwoko and T Gries, RWTH Aachen University, Germany - Introduction - Materials - Results - Discussion - References Visible invisibility: contamination-aware textile surfaces A Toomey, Royal College of Art, UK - Introduction - Infection risks - Infection control - ‘Visible invisibility’ contamination aware surfaces - Conclusion - References Textile medical products for the stabilization of the thoracic wall E Alexandra and M Carmen, The National Institute for Textile and Leather, Romania and N Alexandru, Victor Babes Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Romania - Introduction - Experimental - Clinical experiments - Results - Conclusions - References Predicting the fatigue performance of endovascular prostheses H Zhao, L Wang, Y Li and X Liu, Donghua University, China and M W King, North Carolina State University, USA - Introduction - Experimental - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Integration and embedding of vital signs sensors and other devices into textiles M J Abreu, H Carvalho, A Catarino and A Rocha, Universidade do Minho, Portugal - Introduction - Review of the state of the art - Overview of general principles - Experimental, results and discussions - Conclusions - References PART 6 MEDICAL DEVICES Textile-based medical devices: an overview J F Kennedy and C J Knill, Chembiotech Laboratories – Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UK - What is a medical device? - Medical textiles and their applications - Biomaterials used in medical textiles - References Design and release rates of a novel biodegradable slow-release implant for the prevention of paediatric dental caries G J Dunn and A F Fotheringham, Heriot-Watt University, UK - Introduction - Materials and methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Maternity support garment for the relief of lower back pain S Ho, W Yu, T Lao, D Chow, J Chun and, Y Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong - Introduction - Study aims - Study objectives - Summary - References Self-powered medical devices for vibration suppression L M Swallow, E Siores, D Dodds and J K Luo, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Piezoelectric materials - Power harvesting - Vibration suppression - Device overview - Results - Discussion - Future work - References Gas plasma treatment of polypropylene (PP) dental tape J M Warren, R R Mather and D Robson, Heriot-Watt University UK and A Neville, University of Leeds, UK - Introduction - Experimental - Surface characteristics of plasma treated tape - PP tapes as dental flosses - References Investigating fracture mechanisms of some non-absorbable sutures in vivo A S Hockenberger and E Karaca, Uludag University, Turkey - Introduction - Experimental - Results and discussion - Conclusion - References Wearable microwave radiometry device for early detection of sub-tissue oncological imperfections T Shah and E Siores, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Main types of breast cancer - Detection of breast cancer - Microwave radiometry - Microwave radiometer design and testing - Device integration with fabric - Conclusions - References Investigation of differences in caprosyn, biosyn, polysorb, novafil and surgipro sutures A D Erem and E Onder, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey and H H Erem, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Turkey - Introduction - Materials - Method - Results - Conclusions - References PART 7 SMART MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES Smart materials and technologies: an overview M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK - Introduction - Review of papers on smart materials - References Smart textiles embedded with optical fibre sensors for health monitoring of patients F Pirotte, Centexbel, Belgium, A Depre, Elasta, Belgium, R Shishoo, Shishoo Consulting, Sweden, J De Jonckheere, ITM, France and A Grillet, Multitel, Belgium - Introduction - OFSETH research project - Preliminary results - Conclusions - References Integrating contactless sensors for stress level monitoring into clothing using conductive threads C Rotsch, D Zschenderlei and U Möhring, TITV Greiz, Germany - Introduction - Conductive thread materials for the integration of textile sensors and actuators - References Designing compressive stretch garments for improved comfort and fit P A Watkins, London College of Fashion, UK - Introduction - Garment pressure research literature - Traditional pattern design and mobility - Proximal fit pattern design - Summary - References Burn hazard potential, pre-ignition and post-ignition thermal properties of textiles A W Kolhatkar, J D Institute of Engineering and Technology, India and P C Patel, M S University of Baroda, India - Introduction - Materials and methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions - References Assessing the performance of alternating pressure air mattresses (APAMs S V S Rithalia, University of Salford, UK - Introduction - Methods and materials - Results - Discussion - References Smart textiles with slow-release ceramides for sensitive skin M Marti, R Ramirez and L Coderch, IIQAB (CSIC), Spain and M Lis, J A Navarro and J Valldeperas, INTEXTER (UPC), Spain - Introduction - Ceramides from wool - Liposome formation and evaluation - Application of IWL-ceramide liposomes - Microencapsulation - Conclusions - References PART 8 INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS Directives, regulations and standards for the medical device industry: an overview C J Knill and J F Kennedy, Chembiotech Laboratories – Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UK - Medical devices in the EU - Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency - CE marking - Safety/quality standard monitoring - Biocompatibility testing - The Drug Tariff - References Recent changes to the UK Drug Tariff for appliances listed in Part IX G J Collyer, Sumed International Ltd, UK - Introduction - History to the reimbursement of appliances - The Gershon Review 2004 - The Supply Chain Excellence Programme - Conclusions - References

Author

Professor Subhash Anand MBE is Professor of Technical Textiles at the University of Bolton, UK. He has published over 200 textile research papers and holds six patents in technical textiles. He was awarded Member of Order of British Empire (MBE) for services to higher education and textile industry in 2008. Professor John Frederick Kennedy is Director of Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Bromsgrove, UK. His principle researches lie in the applications of carbohydrates and proteins and he has published over 500 papers and produced over 45 books. Dr Mohsen Miraftab is a Reader in Medical Textiles at University of Bolton, UK. He has over 60 publications in international scientific and technological journals and a number of patents to his name. Dr Subbiyan ‘Raj’ Rajendran is a distinguished research scientist and has earned worldwide recognition in healthcare and medical textiles research. He has published 121 research papers that include 9 books and 6 patents.