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Update on Engineering and Structural Adhesives

Smithers Information Ltd, September 2010, Pages: 198

Engineering and structural adhesives are distinguished from other adhesives by being high strength materials that are designed to support static or dynamic loads, often substantial loads.

These adhesives are often subjected to cycling high and low temperatures and aggressive fluids or the weather. In general they are used for the bonding of rigid structures, although some degree of flexibility or toughness is often desirable in the adhesives to counter the effects of movement, impact or vibration. Although traditionally used in the metal working industries, these adhesives are now even more widely used with more modern materials.

This Update describes the most important adhesives for engineering applications, viz.:

- Anaerobics
- Epoxies
- Reactive acrylics
- Ultraviolet light cured (UV) adhesives
- Polyurethanes
- Reactive hot melt polyurethanes
- Special formulations of cyanoacrylates

It covers the basic chemistry, applications, advances in technology, and durability testing of these adhesives. Important breakthrough technologies are highlighted such as the use of organoboranes as initiators for the bonding of low surface energy plastics and the use of nano technology to improve properties. Key papers and patents are cited which represent some of the key developments in the subject.

1 Introduction

2 Types of Engineering and Structural Adhesives
2.1 Anaerobic Adhesives
2.2 Epoxy Adhesives
2.3 Reactive Acrylic Adhesives
2.4 UV Adhesives
2.4.1 Basic Chemistry of UV Systems
2.4.1.1 Free-Radical Systems
2.4.1.2 Cationic Systems
2.4.2 Benefits of UV Systems
2.4.3 Advances in UV Technology
2.4.4 Applications of UV Adhesives
2.5 Polyurethane Adhesives
2.5.1 Non-reactive Adhesives
2.5.2 Reactive Adhesives
2.6 RHMU
2.7 Cyanoacrylate Adhesives
2.7.1 Low-volatile Cyanoacrylates
2.7.2 Surface-insensitive Cyanoacrylates
2.7.3 Thermally Resistant Cyanoacrylates
2.7.4 Toughened Cyanoacrylates
2.7.5 Bonding of Non-polar Plastics
2.7.6 Preventing Skin Bonding
2.7.7 Glass Bonding and Moisture Resistance
2.8 Comparison of Engineering and Structural Adhesives

3 Applications of Adhesives
3.1 Industrial Assembly
3.1.1 Appliances
3.1.2 Electrical and Electronic
3.1.3 Medical Devices
3.2 Transportation
3.2.1 OEM Automotive
3.2.1.1 Powertrain Applications
3.2.1.2 Body Applications
3.2.1.3 Electrical Applications
3.2.1.4 Trim Applications
3.2.2 Aerospace
3.2.3 Marine

4 Advances in Adhesive Technology
4.1 Bonding of Metals
4.1.1 Bonding of Aluminium
4.1.2 Bonding of Dissimilar Metals and Metals to other Substrates
4.2 Bonding of Plastics and Composites
4.2.1 General Plastic and Composite Bonding
4.2.2 Bonding of Specific Plastics
4.2.3 Bonding of Non-polar Plastics
4.2.3.1 Flame Treatment
4.2.3.2 Chemical-surface Treatment
4.2.3.3 Plasma Treatment.
4.2.3.4 Fluorination
4.2.3.5 Polymer Modification
4.2.3.6 Surface Primers
4.2.3.7 Organoboranes
4.3 Bonding of Glass and Ceramics

5 Durability of Adhesively Bonded Structures
5.1 Surface Treatments for Metals
5.2 Testing and Inspection of Adhesive Bonds
6 Application and Curing of Adhesives

7 Standards for Adhesives
7.1 ISO Standards
7.2 European Standards
7.3 ASTM Standards

8 Health and Safety Issues

9 Future Trends

Abbreviations
Index

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