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Third Generation Photovoltaics: Strategic R&D Portfolio Management
Frost & Sullivan, March 2010, Pages: 85
This research services delves into third generation photovoltaics such as DSSCs, hybrid PVs, organic PVs etc. The changing dynamics such as the performance, efficiency, cost of manufacturing, scalability etc, of the third generation dynamics triggered by R&D initiatives forms the basis of analysis in this research service
This Frost & Sullivan research service titled Third Generation Photovoltaics: Strategic R&D Portfolio Management focuses on emerging photovoltaics (PVs), such as dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), polymer solar cells, hybrid solar cells, and so on. This research service provides insights on various methodologies in increasing the performance of these third generation solar cells, selective industrial activities, and also a preview of budgetary information from various industrial and government organizations.
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Technology Overview
Emergence of New PV Products Promotes Widespread Use of Solar Power and Expands Market
Propelled by aggressive R&D activities, third generation PVs are poised to take a huge leap forward. The exploratory mass production of DSSC-powered consumer durables is likely to alter the future course of research in this segment. Some of the first commercial third generation products are DSSC-powered backpacks, mobile phones, and so on. Several developers are working to take advantage of DSSCs’ ability to power various non-grid-based lighting applications. 'G24 Innovations, one of the DSSC manufacturers, has recently announced its mass scale production of DSSC modules to a Hong Kong-based consumer electronics bag manufacturer,' notes the analyst of this research service. 'The PV panels will be integrated with consumer durables such as backpacks; these panels harvest energy when used outdoors and repower mobile electronic devices such as mobile phones, e-books, cameras, and portable light emitting diode (LED) lighting systems.' Sony has developed a DSSC-powered lantern, while Corus and Konarka are experimenting with their products in roof integrated photovoltaics (RIPV) applications.
There are many formidable challenges to overcome by the manufacturers of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Topping the list is the power conversion efficiency. Though the performance shown under standard test conditions in laboratories is satisfying, it cannot be the sole parameter to consider large-scale production. Some of the fundamental issues that must be addressed are bandgap, interfaces, and charge transport. If these bottlenecks are dealt with, the prospects of gaining a better share of the commercial market will be enhanced. The optimum power conversion efficiency (PCE) values are yet to be achieved because the methods to allow morphology control and the principles that underpin them are still being heavily researched upon. Many researchers have traditionally avoided non-aqueous dispersions containing inorganic nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers. Depletion aggregation is a barrier in optimizing morphologies for the nanocomposite photoactive layers. 'There are many methodologies followed in various R&D organizations in improving the performance of a third generation photovoltaic cell such as a hybrid polymer solar cell,' says the analyst. 'One of the possible ways of improvising could be to enable moderately large nanorods to be distributed within hole transporting polymer films without using methods that result in the nanoparticles being encapsulated by a non-conducting layer.' Studies show that zinc oxide (ZnO) dispersions reveal that co-solvent compositions could be used to control the interfacial structure and improve nanoparticle dispersion. Research on phase diagrams for the nanoparticle, polymers, and co-solvent dispersions for hybrid polymer solar cell systems could help improve solar cells.
As concerns over energy savings escalate, several initiatives have been undertaken to promote a greener environment. Solar PVs are receiving significant attention in terms of investments from government and private sectors. Numerous joint development programs have been launched to expand the capabilities of current generation PV technologies as well as next generation PV. Higher efficiency, enhanced stability, extended lifetime, reduced cost and material performance are some of the core areas of research for the joint ventures pursued by both government and private organizations. Focus on optimization of the production process, prototype development, effective encapsulation, large-area, and large-scale manufacturing, as well as streamlining distribution will put the market on the fast track to progress.
Market Sectors
Expert Frost & Sullivan analysts thoroughly examine the following market sectors in this research:
- Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC)
- Hybrid PVs
- Organic PVs
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