Advances in Medical Imaging Instruments
Scripp Business Insights, November 2010, Pages: 69
Innovations in medical imaging instrumentation are translations of developments in the fields of particle physics, materials science, nanotechnology, electronics, semiconductor technology, and mechanical engineering. The medical imaging industry is moving into an age where cost effectiveness and reducing undesirable side effects are important considerations in decision making. As a result, there has been a dip in the extent of interdisciplinary translations across imaging modalities. The focus is now on fine tuning current technology to meet requirements.
Scope of this research
- Identify key developments in instrumentation for the major medical imaging modalities.
- Discover the current trends and future directions for converting basic research into clinically used advances.
- Learn about the limitations of the various imaging modalities and ongoing developments in instrumentation that will overcome them.
- Compare innovations in various modalities across manufacturers.
- Identify gaps in equipment capabilities waiting to be filled.
Research and analysis highlights
Developments in MRI equipment are concentrated on designing stronger magnets or reducing the cost of achieving higher resolution. Others are attempts to develop advanced multichannel radio frequency (RF) coils. Innovations in X-ray imaging are mainly concentrated on the CT scan modality as it has become indispensible in most hospital settings.
Development of advanced transducers has captured more interest than research in any other component of the ultrasound machine. Replacement of traditional lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based transducers with capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) is among the most popular solutions proposed.
Innovations in PET and SPECT closely follow developments in particle physics. The majority of the innovations witnessed in recent years are related to the design of detectors with improved gamma sensing properties. Among the intrapatient image co-registration modalities, PET/CT and SPECT/CT are the most commonly used multi-modal imaging techniques.
Key reasons to purchase this research
- What are the latest innovations in the instrumentation for major medical imaging modalities?
- Where are developments in major imaging modalities heading?
- What are the latest developments in material science that are applicable in medical imaging?
- What will be the focus of innovations in medical imaging over the next ten years?
- How are developments in instrumentation influencing imaging techniques?
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Executive summary
Magnetic resonance imaging
X-ray imaging
Ultrasound
Nuclear medicine
Multimodal imaging
Chapter 1 Magnetic resonance imaging
Summary
Introduction
Magnet
Radio frequency coils
Parallel imaging
Chapter 2 X-ray imaging
Summary
Computed tomography (CT)
Dual source CT (DSCT) or dual energy CT
256 and 320 slice CT scanners
C-arm or fluoroscope
Flat panel detectors
Dose reduction
Chapter 3 Ultrasound
Summary
Introduction
Advanced transducers
Advances in beam formation
Coded pulse technology
Extended field of view
Tissue harmonic imaging
Ultrasound elastography
Chapter 4 Nuclear medicine
Summary
Introduction
PET and SPECT
Advanced detectors
Scintillation crystals
Photomultiplier tubes
Detector module geometry
Readout electronics
Time-of-flight PET
Chapter 5 Multimodal imaging
Summary
Introduction
PET/CT and SPECT/CT
MR-PET
Photoacoustic tomography
Thermoacoustic tomography
Chapter 6 Appendix
Scope
Methodology
Abbreviations
Bibliography
Table of figures
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of an MRI scanner
Figure 2: Comparison of 3T MRI with 7T and 94T systems
Figure 3: Sodium-23 imaging of the human brain
Figure 4: MgB2 superconductor based MRI scanner
Figure 5: Multi channel coil arrays
Figure 6: Parallel imaging process
Figure 7: Schematic diagram of CT scan
Figure 8: Evolution of the CT scan technology
Figure 9: Schematic representation of the Siemens’ dual source/energy CT
Figure 10: Improvement in resolution with the dual source CT
Figure 11: Comparison of diagnosis of coronary artery stenoses using DSCT and invasive coronary angiography
Figure 12: Differentiation of renal stone composition using DSCT
Figure 13: Volume-rendered image of the heart captured with Philips Brilliance iCT
Figure 14: Volume-rendered image of the heart captured with Toshiba Aquilion One
Figure 15: Ultrasound technology
Figure 16: Improvement of image quality of carotid artery and thyroid gland with cMUT based scanner
Figure 17: Comparison of conventional and coded pulse imaging of hepatic lesions
Figure 18: Extended field of view of brachial artery graft in ultrasound
Figure 19: Improved signal strength in breast tumors using tissue harmonic imaging
Figure 20: Ultrasound elastography in tumor characterization
Figure 21: Schematic representation of PET and SPECT principles
Figure 22: Comparison of detector module geometries
Figure 23: Range of back projection and signal strength in TOF and non-TOF PET
Figure 24: Comparison of TOF and non-TOF PET imaging
Figure 25: PET/CT image co-registration
Figure 26: Prototype MR-PET scanner from Brookhaven National Laboratory
Figure 27: Siemens prototype MR-PET
Figure 28: Image of human brain captured with the Siemens MR-PET prototype
Figure 29: Philips prototype MR-PET
Figure 30: Photoacoustic imaging and tomography
Figure 31: Thermoacoustic image of human breast
Table of tables
Table 1: Relationship between coil density, field strength, and SNR
Table 2: Parallel imaging techniques offered by leading MRI equipment makers
Table 3: Improvement in performance characteristics of CT during 1972–2005
Table 4: Comparison of temporal resolution of CT scanners
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