Public Safety Communications: Interoperability - Technologies and Markets Assessment
PracTel Inc, January 2011, Pages +: 240
This report addresses the Public Safety Communications (PSC) interoperability process and discusses interoperability issues, which affect the first responders’ ability to function.
The report analyzes PSC interoperability methods and emphasizes two of them as the most effective:
1. Standard LMR – Project 25 and TETRA
2. Software Defined Radio.
The analysis of the phased development for P25 and TETRA radios was performed, including these technologies particulars and market dynamics as well as their role in establishing PSC interoperability. These two standards for digital LMR are now prevailing; and the majority of equipment produced by the industry for first responders’ communications utilizes these standards. The report also emphasizes slow standardization and problems with these radios deployments.
Software Defined Radio (SDR) is gaining popularity in the commercial applications, though military applications are still consuming the substantial market segment. SDR (as well as other software reconfigurable radios) allows reaching a very high level of interoperability between radios built on different standards and/or utilizing different spectrum and modulation methods. Though some technical issues as well as pricing are still two factors that slow SDR commercialization, the analysis presented in this report shows that the SDR industry is gaining momentum. Almost all major LMR vendors included SDR products in their portfolios; some PSC vendors are building multi-band devices; and prognoses on the SDR market are encouraging.
The report analyzes SDR standardization, regulatory issues, as well as applications and markets.
The detailed survey of P25, TETRA and SDR vendors, presented in this report, reflects their up-to-date portfolios characteristics.
The report is written for a wide audience of technical, marketing and managerial staff involved in the PSC development.
Target Audience:
This report is intended for organizations involved in the development of advanced digital communications networks. Engineers, management and sales departments will find in this report useful information that can be applied to their work. Report also addresses the needs of managers and technical staff of various public safety organizations.
For vendors, this report also provides valuable information on technologies and competition. It also supports these vendors with the IR market assessment
Research Methodology:
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 General
1.1.1 Software Reconfigurable Radio
1.1.1.2 SDR
1.1.1.3 Adaptive Radio
1.1.1.4 Cognitive Radio
1.1.1.5 Intelligent Radio
1.1.2 Public Safety Communications: Need for Interoperable Systems
1.1.2.1 Definition
1.1.2.2 Mutual Aid Channels
1.1.2.3 Issues
1.2 Current Status of Reconfigurable Radio Development
1.3 Interoperability Factors
1.4 New Concept
1.5 Interoperability Methods
1.5.1 Requirements: Interoperability
1.5.2 Classification
1.5.2.1 Sub-Classes
1.5.3 Internet-IP-based Interoperability
1.5.4 Ad Hoc/Mesh
1.5.5 P25/TETRA
1.5.6 RR - SDR
1.5.7 Satellite
1.5.8 Public Networks
1.5.9 Radio Methods/Patching
1.6 Scope and Goals
1.7 Research Methodology
1.8 Target Audience
2.0 Public Safety Communications and Interoperability Issues
2.1 Public Safety Radio Functions
2.2 PSC Interoperability Categories
2.3 Classification: Emergency Communications
2.4 Criteria: Selecting Public Safety Communications Technology
2.5 States and Federal Funds to Support Interoperability
3.0 PSC Interoperability: LMR Standard Technologies
3.1 Project P25
3.1.1 Standardization Process and Technologies
3.1.2 General: P25 Standard
3.1.3 Process
3.1.4 Beginning
3.1.5 Project 25/TIA 102: Scope
3.1.6 Efforts
3.1.7 Phased Approach
3.1.7.1 Phases
3.1.8 Phase I
3.1.9 Phase II
3.1.10 Status
3.1.11 P25 Phase I Characteristics
3.1.12 General
3.1.13 Compliance
3.1.14 Benefits and Issues
3.1.15 Technical Highlights- Interfaces
3.1.16 Common Air Interface
3.1.17 Fixed Station Interface
3.1.18 Console Sub-system Interface (CSSI)
3.1.19 RF Sub-system
3.1.20 Inter-system Interface (ISSI)
3.1.20.1 ISSI Technology
3.1.21 Telephone Interconnect Interface
3.1.22 Network Management Interface
3.1.23 Host and Network Data Interfaces
3.1.24 Summary: Interfaces
3.1.25 Security
3.1.26 Coding
3.1.27 Frequency Bands
3.1.28 P25 Voice Messaging
3.1.29 System
3.1.30 Spectrum: Problems
3.1.30.1 700 MHz Band
3.1.31 Major Improvements
3.1.32 Services
3.1.33 Network Scenario
3.1.34 Summary
3.1.35 Transition
3.1.36 Scope
3.1.37 Air Interface – Phase II
3.1.38 Attributes
3.1.39 Data Services Standards
3.1.40 Demand
3.1.41 Time
3.1.42 P25 Radio Market Analysis
3.1.42.1 General
3.1.42.2 Geography
3.1.42.3 Market Drivers
3.1.42.4 Market Forecast
3.1.42.4.1 Developments
3.1.42.4.2 Model Assumptions
3.1.42.4.3 Addressable Market Estimate
3.1.43 P25 Radio Vendors
- Catalyst
- Daniels
- Datron
- Digital Voice System
- EADS Secure Networks (PlantCML)
- EF Johnson
- Etherstack
- Harris
- ICOM America
- IPMobileNet
- Kenwood
- M/A-Com (This M/A-Com Business Unit was Acquired by Harris in 2009)
- Midland
- Motorola
- Northern Airborne
- PowerTrunk
- Pyramid Communications
- Relm
- Raytheon JPS
- Technisonic Industries
- Thales
- Tait Electronics
- Teltronic
- Westel
- Wireless Pacific
3.2 TETRA
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Major Milestones
3.2.3 TETRA: Scope-Release I
3.2.3.1 General
3.2.3.2 Bands
3.2.3.3 TETRA and GSM
3.2.3.4 Main Features
3.2.3.5 General
3.2.3.6 Technical Details
3.2.3.7 Services
3.2.4 Benefits
3.2.5 Networking
3.2.6 Release I Details
3.2.6.1 General
3.2.6.2 Interfaces
3.2.6.3 Infrastructure
3.2.6.4 Spectrum Allocation
3.2.6.5 Mobiles
3.2.7 P25 and TETRA
3.2.7.1 General
3.2.8 Characteristics
3.2.9 Modifications
3.2.10 TETRA in North America
3.2.11 Security
3.2.12 Summary
3.2.13 TETRA Release II
3.2.14 Drivers
3.2.14.1 Rational
3.2.15 Applications
3.2.16 Trunked Mode Operation (TMO) Range Extension
3.2.17 Adaptive Multiple Rate (AMR) Voice Codec
3.2.18 Mixed Excitation Liner Predictive, enhanced (MELPe) Voice Codec
3.2.19 Data Services Development
3.2.19.1 TAPS
3.2.19.2 TEDS
3.2.20 Comparison
3.2.21 Standardization Status
3.2.22 Market Analysis
3.2.22.1 General
3.2.22.2 Certification
3.2.22.3 Geography
3.2.22.4 Market Drivers-Industries-Applications
3.2.22.5 Market Forecast
3.2.22.5.1 Model Assumptions
3.2.22.5.2 Market Estimate
3.2.23 Vendors
- 3T Communications
- Aerial Facilities Limited (AFL)-Axell
- Artevea
- Cassidian
- ClearTone
- DAMM Cellular
- EADS D&S-PlantCML
- EtherStack
- Frequentis
- Groupco
- HYT
- Motorola (Motorola Solutions)
- Niros
- Pegasus Network
- Portalify
- Radio IP Software
- Rohde-Schwarz
- Rohill
- Sepura
- Selex
- Teltronic
- Team Simoco
- Thales
4.0 SDR- Interoperability Level
4.1 General: Definition
4.2 SDR Versatility
4.3 Issues
4.4 Wireless Innovation Forum Position
4.5 Regulations and Standards
4.5.1 FCC
4.5.1.1 Super Wi-Fi
4.5.2 National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC)
4.5.3 IEEE
4.5.3.1 P1900
4.5.3.2 802.22
4.5.4 Environment
4.5.5 OMG
4.6 SDR Contribution-PSC Interoperability
4.6.1 Public Safety Radio and WIF
4.7 Decisions
4.8 Features Summary
4.9.1 Elements
4.10 Applications
4.10.1 Commercial
4.10.2 SDR and Military
4.10.2.1 SCA
4.11 SDR: Applications Benefits
4.12 SDR Benefits to Public Safety Communications
4.13 SDR and Spectrum Utilization
4.14 Market
4.14.1 Landscape
4.14.2 Features
4.14.3 Cost
4.14.4 Different Perspective
4.14.5 Drivers-Summary
4.14.6 Market Forecast
4.14.6.1 Model Assumptions
4.14.6.2 Estimate
4.14.6.3 Public Safety Radio Market Specifics
4.15 Industry
4.15.1 JTRS Structure
4.15.2 Vendors
- Adaptix (SW, Broadband Access)
- Aeronix (SDR Components)
- AirNet Communications (SDR Base Stations)
- Alcatel-Lucent (Base Station)
- Analog Devices (Chipsets)
- Array Systems Computing (DSP)
- Cambridge Consultants (802.16e)
- Carlson Wireless (Platform)
- Cisco (802.11a)
- Harris (SDR in PSC)
- Hypres (Chipsets)
- Huawei (Platform)
- ISR Technology (Platforms)
- Infineon (Platform)
- Lyrtech (DSP and FPGA development solutions)
- Mercury Computers Systems (Toolsets)
- mimoON (Software)
- Nokia Siemens Networks (Base Station)
- Objective Interface Systems (Software)
- picoChip (ICs)
- PrismTech (SDR Development Environment)
- Rockwell Collins (Radios)
- Spectrum Signal Processing (Platforms)
- Tecore Networks (Infrastructure)
- Thales (Radio)
- Wind River (Software)
- Xilinx (Chips, SDR Development Kit)
- Zeligsoft (Software Tools)
- ZTE (Platforms)
5.0 Conclusions
List of Figures:
Figure 1: Software Reconfigurable Radio Family – Layers
Figure 2: Interoperability Methods
Figure 3: First Responders: Frequency Bands
Figure 4: APCO Project 25 Interface Committee
Figure 5: Generic-P25 System Structure
Figure 6: P25 System – Major Interfaces
Figure 7: ISSI-P25 System-to-System
Figure 8: ISSI-Roaming
Figure 9: P25 Radio System Model Illustration
Figure 10: State and Local PSC Spectrum
Figure 11: Revised Frequency Plan
Figure 12: Revised Spectrum (Upper 700 MHz sub-band)
Figure 13: 700 MHz Auction
Figure 14: Example-Network Scenario
Figure 15: TAM: PSC P25 Equipment Sales (U.S. and Canada, $B)
Figure 16: TAM: PSC P25 Portables Sale-U.S. & Canada ($B)
Figure 17: TAM: PSC P25 Mobile Radio Sale – U.S. & Canada ($M)
Figure 18: TAM: PSC P25 BS and Associated Equipment Sale – U.S. & Canada ($M)
Figure 19: P25 Radio Major Applications
Figure 20: TETRA Association Structure
Figure 21: TETRA Release I
Figure 22: TETRA Interworking Illustration
Figure 23: TETRA Interoperability Interfaces
Figure 24: Network Scenarios
Figure 25: TETRA Release I Interfaces
Figure 26: TETRA: Spectrum Allocation
Figure 27: Phased Approach
Figure 28: TETRA RII Application Developments
Figure 29: Directions
Figure 30: TAPS
Figure 31: TEDS RF Channel Characteristics
Figure 32: Spectral Efficiency
Figure 33: Rates and Range
Figure 34: TETRA TEDS Characteristics
Figure 35: Illustration of TETRA Market Geography (2010)
Figure 36: TETRA Segmentation by Industries (2010)
Figure 37: TAM: TETRA Radio Global Sales ($B)
Figure 38: TAM: TETRA BS & Associated Equipment Global Sales ($B)
Figure 39: TAM: TETRA BS & Associated Equipment Global Sales (Unit 000)
Figure 40: SDR and OSI Reference Model
Figure 41: TAM: Global SDR Sales ($B)
Figure 42: SDR Market (Military vs. Commercial)
Figure 43: SDR market Geography ((2010)
Figure 44: TAM: Global SDR Sales- PSC ($B)
List of Tables:
Table 1: DHS Interoperability Levels
Table 2: States Emergency Network Examples
Table 3: P25 Advantages and Issues
Table 4: CAI Characteristics
Table 5: PSR Bands
Table 6: P25 Services
Table 7: Phase II Documentation
Table 8: TETRA Established
Table 9: TETRA Release I-Major Characteristics
Table 10: TETRA Improvements
Table 11: Applications (Release II)
Table 12: Evolution of TETRA Applications
Table 13: Multiple Tiers
Table 14: SDR Market Drivers
- Adaptix (SW, Broadband Access)
- Aeronix (SDR Components)
- AirNet Communications (SDR Base Stations)
- Alcatel-Lucent (Base Station)
- Analog Devices (Chipsets)
- Array Systems Computing (DSP)
- Cambridge Consultants (802.16e)
- Carlson Wireless (Platform)
- Cisco (802.11a)
- Harris (SDR in PSC)
- Hypres (Chipsets)
- Huawei (Platform)
- ISR Technology (Platforms)
- Infineon (Platform)
- Lyrtech (DSP and FPGA development solutions)
- Mercury Computers Systems (Toolsets)
- mimoON (Software)
- Nokia Siemens Networks (Base Station)
- Objective Interface Systems (Software)
- picoChip (ICs)
- PrismTech (SDR Development Environment)
- Rockwell Collins (Radios)
- Spectrum Signal Processing (Platforms)
- Tecore Networks (Infrastructure)
- Thales (Radio)
- Wind River (Software)
- Xilinx (Chips, SDR Development Kit)
- Zeligsoft (Software Tools)
- ZTE (Platforms)
- 3T Communications
- Aerial Facilities Limited (AFL)-Axell
- Artevea
- Cassidian
- ClearTone
- DAMM Cellular
- EADS D&S-PlantCML
- EtherStack
- Frequentis
- Groupco
- HYT
- Motorola (Motorola Solutions)
- Niros
- Pegasus Network
- Portalify
- Radio IP Software
- Rohde-Schwarz
- Rohill
- Sepura
- Selex
- Teltronic
- Team Simoco
- Thales
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