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The 2011 Report on Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing: World Market Segmentation by City
ICON Group International, Jan 2011, Pages: 340
Market Potential Estimation Methodology
Overview
This study covers the world outlook for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing across more than 2000 cities. For the year reported, estimates are given for the latent demand, or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.), for the city in question (in millions of U.S. dollars), the percent share the city is of the region and of the globe. These comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge a city vis-à-vis others. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each country and across countries, latent demand estimates are created. This report does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The study also does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The study, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved.
This study does not report actual sales data (which are simply unavailable, in a comparable or consistent manner in virtually all of the cities of the world). This study gives, however, my estimates for the worldwide latent demand, or the P.I.E. for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. It also shows how the P.I.E. is divided across the world’s cities. In order to make these estimates, a multi-stage methodology was employed that is often taught in courses on international strategic planning at graduate schools of business.
What is Latent Demand and the P.I.E.?
The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) or total revenues (not profit) if a market is served in an efficient manner. It is typically expressed as the total revenues potentially extracted by firms. The “market” is defined at a given level in the value chain. There can be latent demand at the retail level, at the wholesale level, the manufacturing level, and the raw materials level (the P.I.E. of higher levels of the value chain being always smaller than the P.I.E. of levels at lower levels of the same value chain, assuming all levels maintain minimum profitability).
The latent demand for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing is not actual or historic sales. Nor is latent demand future sales. In fact, latent demand can be lower either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient (i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels). Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a city market.
Another reason why sales do not equate to latent demand is exchange rates. In this report, all figures assume the long-run efficiency of currency markets. Figures, therefore, equate values based on purchasing power parities across countries. Short-run distortions in the value of the dollar, therefore, do not figure into the estimates. Purchasing power parity estimates of country income were collected from official sources, and extrapolated using standard econometric models. The report uses the dollar as the currency of comparison, but not as a measure of transaction volume. The units used in this report are: US $ mln.
For reasons discussed later, this report does not consider the notion of “unit quantities”, only total latent revenues (i.e., a calculation of price times quantity is never made, though one is implied). The units used in this report are U.S. dollars not adjusted for inflation (i.e., the figures incorporate inflationary trends) and not adjusted for future dynamics in exchange rates (i.e., the figures reflect average exchange rates over recent history). If inflation rates or exchange rates vary in a substantial way compared to recent experience, actually sales can also exceed latent demand (when expressed in U.S. dollars, not adjusted for inflation). On the other hand, latent demand can be typically higher than actual sales as there are often distribution inefficiencies that reduce actual sales below the level of latent demand.
As mentioned earlier, this study is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved. If fact, all the current products or services on the market can cease to exist in their present form (i.e., at a brand-, R&D specification, or corporate-image level) and all the players can be replaced by other firms (i.e., via exits, entries, mergers, bankruptcies, etc.), and there will still be an international latent demand for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing at the aggregate level. Product and service offering details, and the actual identity of the players involved, while important for certain issues, are relatively unimportant for estimates of latent demand.
The Methodology
In order to estimate the latent demand for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing on a city-by-city basis, I used a multi-stage approach. Before applying the approach, one needs a basic theory from which such estimates are created. In this case, I heavily rely on the use of certain basic economic assumptions. In particular, there is an assumption governing the shape and type of aggregate latent demand functions. Latent demand functions relate the income of a country, city, state, household, or individual to realized consumption. Latent demand (often realized as consumption when an industry is efficient), at any level of the value chain, takes place if an equilibrium in realized. For firms to serve a market, they must perceive a latent demand and be able to serve that demand at a minimal return. The single most important variable determining consumption, assuming latent demand exists, is income (or other financial resources at higher levels of the value chain). Other factors that can pivot or shape demand curves include external or exogenous shocks (i.e., business cycles), and or changes in utility for the product in question.
Ignoring, for the moment, exogenous shocks and variations in utility across countries, the aggregate relation between income and consumption has been a central theme in economics. The figure below concisely summarizes one aspect of problem. In the 1930s, John Meynard Keynes conjectured that as incomes rise, the average propensity to consume would fall. The average propensity to consume is the level of consumption divided by the level of income, or the slope of the line from the origin to the consumption function. He estimated this relationship empirically and found it to be true in the short-run (mostly based on cross-sectional data). The higher the income, the lower the average propensity to consume. This type of consumption function is labeled 'A' in the figure below (note the rather flat slope of the curve). In the 1940s, another macroeconomist, Simon Kuznets, estimated long-run consumption functions which indicated that the marginal propensity to consume was rather constant (using time series data across countries). This type of consumption function is show as 'B' in the figure below (note the higher slope and zero-zero intercept). The average propensity to consume is constant.
Is it declining or is it constant? A number of other economists, notably Franco Modigliani and Milton Friedman, in the 1950s (and Irving Fisher earlier), explained why the two functions were different using various assumptions on intertemporal budget constraints, savings, and wealth. The shorter the time horizon, the more consumption can depend on wealth (earned in previous years) and business cycles. In the long-run, however, the propensity to consume is more constant. Similarly, in the long run, households, industries or countries with no income eventually have no consumption (wealth is depleted). While the debate surrounding beliefs about how income and consumption are related and interesting, in this study a very particular school of thought is adopted. In particular, we are considering the latent demand for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing across some 230 countries. The smallest have fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. I assume that all of these counties fall along a 'long-run' aggregate consumption function. This long-run function applies despite some of these countries having wealth, current income dominates the latent demand for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. So, latent demand in the long-run has a zero intercept. However, I allow firms to have different propensities to consume (including being on consumption functions with differing slopes, which can account for differences in industrial organization, and end-user preferences).
Given this overriding philosophy, I will now describe the methodology used to create the latent demand estimates for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. Since ICON Group has asked me to apply this methodology to a large number of categories, the rather academic discussion below is general and can be applied to a wide variety of categories, not just computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing.
Step 1. Product Definition and Data Collection
Any study of latent demand across countries requires that some standard be established to define “efficiently served”. Having implemented various alternatives and matched these with market outcomes, I have found that the optimal approach is to assume that certain key countries or cities are more likely to be at or near efficiency than others. These are given greater weight than others in the estimation of latent demand compared to others for which no known data are available. Of the many alternatives, I have found the assumption that the world’s highest aggregate income and highest income-per-capita markets reflect the best standards for “efficiency”. High aggregate income alone is not sufficient (i.e., China has high aggregate income, but low income per capita and can not assumed to be efficient). Aggregate income can be operationalized in a number of ways, including gross domestic product (for industrial categories), or total disposable income (for household categories; population times average income per capita, or number of households times average household income per capita). Brunei, Nauru, Kuwait, and Lichtenstein are examples of countries with high income per capita, but not assumed to be efficient, given low aggregate level of income (or gross domestic product); these countries have, however, high incomes per capita but may not benefit from the efficiencies derived from economies of scale associated with large economies. Only countries with high income per capita and large aggregate income are assumed efficient. This greatly restricts the pool of countries to those in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), like the United States, or the United Kingdom (which were earlier than other large OECD economies to liberalize their markets).
The selection of countries is further reduced by the fact that not all countries in the OECD report industry revenues at the category level. Countries that typically have ample data at the aggregate level that meet the efficiency criteria include the United States, the United Kingdom and in some cases France and Germany.
Latent demand is therefore estimated using data collected for relatively efficient markets from independent data sources (e.g. Euromonitor, Mintel, Thomson Financial Services, the U.S. Industrial Outlook, the World Resources Institute, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, various agencies from the United Nations, industry trade associations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank). Depending on original data sources used, the definition of “computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing” is established. In the case of this report, the data were reported at the aggregate level, with no further breakdown or definition. In other words, any potential product or service that might be incorporated within computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing falls under this category. Public sources rarely report data at the disaggregated level in order to protect private information from individual firms that might dominate a specific product-market. These sources will therefore aggregate across components of a category and report only the aggregate to the public. While private data are certainly available, this report only relies on public data at the aggregate level without reliance on the summation of various category components. In other words, this report does not aggregate a number of components to arrive at the “whole”. Rather, it starts with the “whole”, and estimates the whole for all cities and the world at large (without needing to know the specific parts that went into the whole in the first place).
Given this caveat, this study covers “computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing” as defined by the North American Industrial Classification system or NAICS (pronounced “nakes”). computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing The NAICS code for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing is 3341. It is for this definition of computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing that the aggregate latent demand estimates are derived. “Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing” is specifically defined as follows:
3341
Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing
33411
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or assembling electronic computers, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations, laptops, and computer servers; and computer peripheral equipment, such as storage devices, printers, monitors, input/output devices and terminals. Computers can be analog, digital, or hybrid. Digital computers, the most common type, are devices that do all of the following: (1) store the processing program or programs and the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; (2) can be freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (3) perform arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (4) execute, without human intervention, a processing program that requires the computer to modify its execution by logical decision during the processing run. Analog computers are capable of simulating mathematical models and comprise at least analog, control, and programming elements.
334111
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or assembling electronic computers, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations, laptops, and computer servers. Computers can be analog, digital, or hybrid. Digital computers, the most common type, are devices that do all of the following: (1) store the processing program or programs and the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; (2) can be freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (3) perform arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (4) execute, without human intervention, a processing program that requires the computer to modify its execution by logical decision during the processing run. Analog computers are capable of simulating mathematical models and contain at least analog, control, and programming elements. The manufacture of computers includes the assembly or integration of processors, coprocessors, memory, storage, and input/output devices into a user-programmable final product.
3341111
General purpose digital computers
33411110
Host computers, multiusers (mainframes, super computers, medium scale systems, UNIX servers, pc servers)
3341111000
Host computers, multiusers (mainframes, super computers, medium scale systems, UNIX servers, pc servers)
3341111001
Large~scale systems, including mainframes, super computers
3341111003
Medium~scale systems (super miniclass) and UNIX servers
3341111005
PC servers (excluding UNIX servers)
3341111006
Other host servers
33411111
Large-scale ( 64 MB or more in minimum main memory configuration)
3341111100
Host computers, multiusers (mainframes, super computers, medium scale systems, UNIX servers, PC servers)
3341111101
Host computers (multi_users), large_scale systems, including mainframes and super computers, general purpose or high_speed scientific
3341111103
Host computers (multi_users), medium_scale systems (super miniclass) and UNIX servers
3341111105
Host computers (multi_users), PC servers (excluding UNIX servers)
3341111106
Host computers (multi_users), other
3341111109
Host computers (multi_users), server appliances
33411112
Mid-range ( <64 MB in min. main memory configuration); excl. PCs and workstations
33411114
Personal computers and workstations (excluding portable computers)
33411115
Portable computers (with attached display)
3341112
Other computers
3341117
SINGLE USER COMPUTERS, MICROPROCESSOR_BASED, CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING ATTACHED PERIPHERALS (PERSONAL COMPUTERS, WORKSTATIONS, PORTABLE COMPUTERS)
33411170
Single user computers, microprocessor~based capable of supporting attached peripherals (personal computers, workstations, portable computers)
3341117000
Single user computers, microprocessor~based capable of supporting attached peripherals (personal computers, workstations, portable computers)
3341117007
Personal computers
3341117009
Workstations, microprocessor~based, single~user systems
3341117011
Laptops
3341117013
Notebooks, subnotebooks
3341117015
PDAs (personal digital assistants)
3341117017
Other portables
3341117019
Other single~user computers
33411171
Single user computers, microprocessor_based, capable of supporting attached peripherals (personal computers, workstations, portable computers)
3341117100
Single user computers, microprocessor_based, capable of supporting attached peripherals (personal computers, workstations, portable computers)
3341117107
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), personal
3341117109
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), workstations
3341117111
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), laptops (AC/DC)
3341117112
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), tablet
3341117113
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), notebooks and subnotebooks (battery operated)
3341117115
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), personal digital assistants (PDAs)
3341117117
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), other portable types (palmtops, etc.)
3341117119
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), other types
3341117125
Single_use computers (microprocessor_based machines capable of supporting attached peripherals), home internet appliance
334111D
OTHER COMPUTERS (ARRAY, ANALOG, HYBRID, AND SPECIAL_ USE COMPUTERS)
334111D0
Other computers, (array, analog, hybrid, or special~use computers)
334111D000
Other computers, (array, analog, hybrid, or special~use computers)
334111D021
Other computers (including array and other analog, hybrid, or special~ purpose)
334111D1
Other computers (array, analog, hybrid, and special_use computers)
334111D100
Other computers (array, analog, hybrid, and special_use computers)
334111D121
Other computers (including array and other analog, hybrid, and special purpose)
334111M
Miscellaneous receipts
334111P
Primary products
334111S
Secondary products
334111SM
Secondary products and miscellaneous receipts
334112
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing computer storage devices that allow the storage and retrieval of data from a phase change, magnetic, optical, or magnetic/optical media. Examples of products made by these establishments are CD-ROM drives, floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, and tape storage and backup units.
3341121
Computer storage devices (except parts, attachments and accessories)
33411210
Computer storage devices (except parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341121000
Computer storage devices (except parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341121001
Rigid magnetic disk drives less than 2 one~half inch
3341121003
Rigid magnetic disk drives 2 one~half inch to 3 one~half inch
3341121005
Rigid magnetic disk drives 3 one~half inch to 5 one~fourth inch
3341121007
Rigid magnetic disk drives greater than 5 one~fourth inch
3341121009
Disk subsystems and disk arrays for multiuser computer systems
3341121011
Flexible magnetic disk drives
3341121013
CD~ROM disk drives, juke~box
3341121015
CD~ROM disk drives; single~disk equipment
3341121017
WORM (write once, read many times)
3341121019
Rewritable optical disk drives
3341121021
Optical subsystems for multiuser computer systems
3341121023
Encased or enclosed auxiliary storage
3341121025
All other auxiliary storage
3341121027
Other direct access storage equipment
3341121029
Serial access storage equipment (one~half inch tape drives)
3341121031
Serial access storage equipment (one~fourth inch tape drives)
3341121033
Serial access storage equipment (helical scan tape drives)
3341121035
Serial access storage equipment (cassette tape drives)
3341121037
All other serial access storage equipment
33411211
Computer storage devices (except parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341121100
Computer storage devices (except parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341121102
Computer storage devces and equipment, rigid magnetic disk drives
3341121109
Computer storage devces and equipment, disk subsystems and disk arrays for multiuser computer systems
3341121111
Computer storage devces and equipment, flexible magnetic disk drives
3341121113
Computer storage devces and equipment, optical disk drives, CD_ROM, multiple disk (juke_box)
3341121115
Computer storage devces and equipment, optical disk drives, CD_ROM, single disk
3341121116
Computer storage devces and equipment, optical disk drives, DVD (including DVD_video, DVD_ROM, DVD_R, and DVD_RAM)
3341121118
Computer storage devces and equipment, optical disk drives, magneto_ optical (MO)
3341121120
Computer storage devces and equipment, optical disk drives, other optical
3341121121
Computer storage devces and equipment, optical subsystems for multiuser computer systems
3341121124
Computer storage devces and equipment, auxillary storage (excluding disc_ or tape_based) for multiuser computer systems
3341121127
Computer storage devces and equipment, other direct access storage equipment
3341121129
Computer storage devces and equipment, serial access storage equipment, tape drives, 1/2 in.
3341121131
Computer storage devces and equipment, serial access storage equipment, tape drives, 1/4 in.
3341121133
Computer storage devces and equipment, serial access storage equipment, tape drives, helical scan
3341121135
Computer storage devces and equipment, serial access storage equipment, cassette tape drives
3341121137
Computer storage devces and equipment, other serial access storage equipment
3341122
Parts, attachments and accessories for computer storage devices
3341124
PARTS, ATTACHMENTS, AND ACCESSORIES FOR COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES
33411240
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer storage devices
3341124000
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer storage devices
3341124001
Computer storage parts and subassemblies
33411241
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer storage devices
3341124100
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer storage devices
3341124101
Computer storage parts and subassemblies
334112M
Miscellaneous receipts
334112P
Primary products
334112S
Secondary products
334112SM
Secondary products and miscellaneous receipts
334113
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing computer terminals. Computer terminals are input/output devices that connect with a central computer for processing.
3341131
COMPUTER TERMINALS (EXCEPT POINT_OF_SALE AND FUNDS_ TRANSFER DEVICES, PARTS, ATTACHMENTS, AND ACCESSORIES)
33411310
Computer terminals (excluding point~of~sale and funds~transfer devices and parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341131000
Computer terminals (excluding point~of~sale and funds~transfer devices and parts, and attachments, and accessories)
3341131001
Remote batch computer terminals
3341131003
Teleprinters
3341131005
Display X~terminals
3341131007
Display terminals, other than X~terminals (13 inch or less)
3341131009
Display terminals, other than X~terminals (more than 13 inch but less than 19 inch)
3341131011
Display terminals, other than X~terminals (more than 19 inch)
33411311
Computer terminals (except point_of_sale and funds_transfer devices, parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341131100
Computer terminals (except point_of_sale and funds_transfer devices, parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341131101
Computer terminals, remote batch
3341131103
Computer terminals, teleprinters
3341131105
Computer terminals, display (including graphic type), X_terminals
3341131107
Computer terminals, display (including graphic type), other (excluding X_ terminals), 13 in. or less
3341131109
Computer terminals, display (including graphic type), other (excluding X_ terminals), more than 13 in. but less than 19 in.
3341131111
Computer terminals, display (including graphic type), other (excluding X_ terminals), 19 in. or more
3341134
PARTS, ATTACHMENTS, AND ACCESSORIES FOR COMPUTER TERMINALS (EXCEPT POINT_OF_SALE AND FUNDS_TRANSFER DEVICES)
33411340
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer terminals (excluding point~of~ sale and funds~transfer devices)
3341134000
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer terminals (excluding point~ of~sale and funds~transfer devices)
3341134001
Computer terminal parts and subassemblies
33411341
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer terminals (except point_of_ sale and funds_transfer devices)
3341134100
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer terminals (except point_ of_sale and funds_transfer devices)
3341134101
Computer terminal parts and subassemblies
3341135
Computer terminals including remote batch terminals and teleprinters
3341136
Parts, attachments, and accessories for computer terminals
334113M
Miscellaneous receipts
334113P
Primary products
334113S
Secondary products
334113SM
Secondary products and miscellaneous receipts
334119
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing computer peripheral equipment (except storage devices and computer terminals).
3341191
Computer peripheral equipment, n.e.c.
33411910
Computer peripheral (input~output) equipment, nec, except parts, attachments, and accessories
3341191000
Computer peripheral (input~output) equipment, nec, except parts, attachments, and accessories
3341191001
Keyboards
3341191003
All other keying equipment
3341191005
Mouse devices
3341191007
Digitizers and light pen tablets
3341191009
Other manual input devices
3341191011
Computer output to microfilm (COM) equipment
3341191013
Media copying or conversion equipment
3341191015
Bar code devices
3341191017
OCR equipment
3341191019
Flat bed scanners
3341191021
Handheld scanners
3341191023
All other optical scanning devices
3341191025
Voice recognition equipment
3341191027
Magnetic strip and ink recognition equipment
3341191029
Other document entry equipment
3341191031
Line type impact printers
3341191033
Serial type impact printers
3341191035
Laser printers
3341191037
Inkjet printers
3341191039
All other nonimpact printers
3341191041
Peripheral sharing devices
3341191043
Font cartridges
3341191045
Plotters
3341191047
Flat panel display monitors
3341191049
All other moniters less than 19 inch display
3341191051
All other moniters 19 inch or more display
3341191053
Monitor screen projection devices
3341191055
All other input~output devices
3341191057
Accessories for computer peripherals
33411911
Computer printers
3341191100
All other miscellaneous computer peripheral (input/output) equipment (except parts, attachments, and accessories)
3341191101
All other computer peripheral equipment, keyboards
3341191102
All other computer peripheral equipment, memory cards and readers
3341191103
All other computer peripheral equipment, other keying equipment
3341191105
All other computer peripheral equipment, mouse devices
3341191107
All other computer peripheral equipment, digitizers and light pen tablets
3341191109
All other computer peripheral equipment, other manual input devices (joysticks, trackballs, touchscreens, etc.)
3341191111
All other computer peripheral equipment, computer output to microfilm (COM) equipment
3341191113
All other computer peripheral equipment, media copying and/or conversion equipment
3341191115
All other computer peripheral equipment, optical scanning devices, bar code
3341191117
All other computer peripheral equipment, optical scanning devices, OCR equipment
3341191119
All other computer peripheral equipment, optical scanning devices, flat bed
3341191120
All other computer peripheral equipment, optical scanning devices, drum
3341191121
All other computer peripheral equipment, optical scanning devices, hand_ held
3341191122
All other computer peripheral equipment, optical scanning devices, photo
3341191123
All other computer peripheral equipment, optical scanning devices, other
3341191125
All other computer peripheral equipment, voice recognition equipment
3341191127
All other computer peripheral equipment, magnetic strip and ink recognition equipment
3341191129
All other computer peripheral equipment, other document entry equipment
3341191131
All other computer peripheral equipment, printers, impact, line type (typically with a Centronics interface with output measured in lines per minute)
3341191133
All other computer peripheral equipment, printers, impact, serial type (typically with a serial and/or parallel interface with output measured in characters per second)
3341191135
All other computer peripheral equipment, printers, nonimpact, laser
3341191137
All other computer peripheral equipment, printers, nonimpact, inkjet
3341191139
All other computer peripheral equipment, printers, nonimpact, other (thermal, ion deposition, etc.)
3341191141
All other computer peripheral equipment, peripheral sharing devices
3341191143
All other computer peripheral equipment, font cartridges
3341191145
All other computer peripheral equipment, plotters (including electrostatic)
3341191147
All other computer peripheral equipment, monitors (excluding terminals), flat panel
3341191149
All other computer peripheral equipment, monitors (excluding terminals), other (excluding flat panel), less than 19 in. display
3341191151
All other computer peripheral equipment, monitors (excluding terminals), other (excluding flat panel), 19 in. or more display
3341191153
All other computer peripheral equipment, monitor screen projection devices (LCD panels, etc.)
3341191155
All other computer peripheral equipment,
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