Technologies and Markets: 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Systems and Polarization Mode Dispersion
PracTel Inc, June 2011, Pages: 145
The report addresses the progress that the telecommunications industry is making in the development of ultra-high speed networks (40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s). It updates and revises published Practel’s reports on this topic written in 2004-2010.
The report details the standardization process for these technologies and is analyzing the major trends. It also provides the marketing analysis and the survey of the major industry players and their products.
The early demand for 40 Gb/s capacity created already a significant market; 100 Gb/s networks are also introduced and the market expected to reach a sizable amount in 2012-2013.
The report also concentrates on one of the major problems in ultra-high speed communications – Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD); it analyzes its nature, sources and mitigation measures. It also addresses the industry needs to cope with PMD.
In a summary, the report:
- Addresses the progress in the development of 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s technologies
- Reflects the recent advances in these technologies standardization
- Analyzes equipment and service market components
- Shows that one of the major trends is the development of techniques that allow using 10 Gb/s engineering rules for 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s spans
Shows that the industry has adopted an integration of PMD compensators with various techniques for PMD mitigation (coherent receiver, advanced forms of modulation, efficient FEC and other). In such a way, 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s networks can achieve satisfactory results in the performance even when utilizing old fiber.
Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
Audience
This report audience may include wide categories of technically - oriented staff involved in the design, operation, testing and management of high-capacity/high-speed optical networks.
It also can be useful to the vendors of telecommunications equipment, which are involved in production of DWDM, OADM and other transport equipment.
Other categories of group of interest may include R&D, sales and management.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.2 Goal
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Audience
2.0 Technologies and Standardization Process
2.1 Drivers
2.2 Organizations
2.2.1 IEEE
2.2.1.1 802.3ba Scope and Time Schedule
2.2.1.2 Objectives
2.2.1.3 Details
2.2.1.4 Interfaces
2.2.1.5 Sublayers – Architecture
2.2.1.6 IEEE 802.3bg
2.2.2 ITU-T
2.2.2.1 Cooperation
2.2.3 OIF
2.2.4 Additions
2.2.5 Interest Group
2.2.6 X40
2.2.7 SSR-40
2.2.8 10x10 MSA
2.3 Current Status of Technologies
2.3.1 40 Gb/s Transmission
2.3.1.1 Modulation: Preliminary
2.3.2 100 Gb/s Transmission
2.3.2.1 Details
2.3.2.2 DP QPSK
2.3.2.3 Coherent Receiver
2.4 40 Gb/s Transmission Specifics
2.5 100 Gb/s Transmission Specifics
2.6 Benefits of Standardization and Advanced Technologies
3.0 Industry
- Alcatel-Lucent (Network Elements)
- Altera (ICs)
- Adva (Platform)
- Applied Micro (ICs)
- Avago (Modules)
- Brocade (100 Gb/s NE)
- Broadcom (ICs)
- Calix
- Centallax (Modules)
- Cisco (NEs)
- Ciena (Switching and WDM Platforms)
- ClariPhy (Chips)
- Covega – Thorlabs Quantum Electronics (Modulators)
- CyOptics (Optical Chips)
- ECI (Platforms)
- Ekinops (DWDM)
- Ericsson (WDM)
- Extreme Networks (Ethernet Switches)
- Enablence (Receivers)
- Huawei (DWDM)
- Finisar (Modules)
- Fujikura (Modules)
- Fujitsu (ROADM)
- Inphi (ICs)
- Infinera (NEs)
- JDSU (Modules and ICs)
- Juniper (Router)
- GigOptix (ICs)
- Gtran (ICs)
- Ixia (Modules)
- MultiPHY (ICs)
- MRV (WDM)
- NEC (DWDM)
- NeoPhotonics (Modules)
- NetLogic (Modules)
- Nokia Siemens Networks (DWDM)
- Oclaro (ICs)
- Oki Semiconductor (ICs)
- OpVista (NEs)
- Opnext (Platform)
- Picometrix (Optical Receivers)
- PMC – Sierra
- Reflex Photonics (Modules)
- Sarance Technologies (ICs)
- Sembarc (Modules)
- Semtech (ICs)
- SEDU (Modules)
- Sorrento Networks (DWDM)
- TPac (Chipsets)
- Triquint (ICs)
- Tellabs (Platform)
- U2t Photonics (ICs)
- ViaSat
- Voltaire (Switches)
- Xilinx (ICs)
- Xtera (WDM)
4.0 Service Providers
- AT&T
- Global Crossing
- Level 3
- NTT
- Sprint
- Qwest
- SurfNet
- Telefonica
- TeliaSonera
- Verizon
- XO
5.0. Market
5.1 Market Characteristics
5.2 Market Forecast
5.2.1 Model Assumptions
5.2.2 Analysis
6.0 PMD Nature and Characteristics
6.1 Challenge
6.2 Effect
6.2.1 Cause and Nature
6.2.2 Statistics
6.2.3 Penalties
7.0 PMD Compensation Methods and Associated Effects
7.1 Normative
7.2 Classification
7.3 General: Optical PMD Mitigation Techniques
7.4 Compensation Efficiency
7.5 Measurements
7.6 Network Design
7.7 Compensation Techniques - Details
7.7.1 Optical Compensation
7.7.1.1 Methods
7.7.1.2 Classification Based on Order of Compensation
7.7.1.2.1 First-order PMDC
7.7.1.2.2 Second-order PMDC
7.7.2 Multichannel PMDC
7.7.3 Example
7.7.4 Requirements and Implementations
7.8 Electronics Methods
7.9 Mode Coupling – Fiber Method
7.10 Polarization Maintaining Fiber
7.11 Increasing PMD Tolerance
7.11.1 Modulation
7.11.2 Coherent Receiver
7.11.3 FEC
7.11.4 Summary
8.0 PMDC and Related Products: Vendors
- Agilent
- Ciena
- ClariPhy
- General Photonics
- OZOPTICS
- OpNext
9.0 Conclusions
List of Figures:
Figure 1: OTN Frame Structure
Figure 2: Illustration
Figure 3: Additional Challenges
Figure 4: 40 Gb/s Network Scenario
Figure 5: G.709 Network Scenario
Figure 6: 100 Gb/s Transmission Standardization
Figure 7: Major Optical Networking Segments (2010-2011)
Figure 8: Estimate – Global Sales of 40 Gb/s Equipment
Figure 9: Estimate – Global Sales of 100 Gb/s Equipment
Figure 10: PM: Service Providers Revenue – 40 Gb/s Services – Global ($B)
Figure 11: PM: Service Providers Revenue – 100 Gb/s Services – Global ($M)
Figure 12: DGD Illustration
Figure 13: 40 Gb/s – PMD Value vs Distance
Figure 14: Receiver sensitivity Penalty (A=0.5)
Figure 15: Receiver Sensitivity Penalty (A=0.3)
Figure 16: Optical Adaptive PMDC
Equation 1: Receiver Sensitivity Penalties
List of Tables:
Table 1: IEEE 802.3ba Copper Interfaces
Table 2: IEEE802.3ba Optical Interfaces
Table 3: 100 Gb/s – ITU and IEEE
Table 4: 100 Gb/s Design Requirements
Table 5: OTU Formats
Table 6: 40 Gb/s Equipment Distribution (initial market)
Table 7: Illustration
Table 8: Modulation and 40G System Performance
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