Smart Grid: Intra - Premises Communications – Utilizing Existing Media
PracTel Inc, November 2011
New requirements for in-premises networking (in connection with Smart Grid projects and the rapid demand for efficient distribution of bandwidth-hungry signals) force the industry to revaluate applicability of communications technologies with emphasis on utilization existing intra-house media.
There are at least two groups of such technologies:
- Those that utilize metallic wires – they include power lines, coaxial TV cable and telephone wiring;
- Those that utilize free space/wireless communications; with transmission methods allowing gigabits per second speed for short distance communications. In this report, Visible Light Communications (VLC) and 60 GHz radio transmission are addressed.
Disregarding technologies differences, all of them may:
- Significantly reduce communications expenses
- Support transmission characteristics that satisfy such new requirements.
The report details related issues in:
- Technologies (including MoCA, HomePlug, Visible Light Communications, HomePNA and G.hn and 60 GHz radio)
- Markets
- Standards – national and international
- Industry activities
- Vendors’ portfolios
- Trends.
Pure economical drivers make the industry to develop technologies that utilize the existing in-premises media, including coax, phone, and electrical cabling creating home networking. There are also efforts to develop and commercialize Visible Light Communications – this emerging technology that utilizes properties of free space electromagnetic waves propagation (in optical spectrum) – promises a lot of potentials. The 60 GHz radio technologies are experiencing the rapid development due to the progress in IC fabrication, effective packaging and multiple benefits.
The major trends in the discussed communications methods are:
1. Several competing technologies are developed or still in the development. Each of them has advantages and weaknesses.
2. International standards organizations (ITU, IEEE and other) are developing technologies that allow using any existing in-premises media for communications.
3. Multiple industry Alliances not only compete with each other, but are also trying to coordinate their actions and policies.
4. Addressed technologies can find major applications in the Smart Grid and Home Area Networks; as well as in in-premises distribution of bandwidth-hungry signals (for example, HDTV).
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Visible Light Communications (VLC)
1.2 Powerline Communications
1.3 ITU G.hn - HomePNA
1.4 Multimedia over Coax Alliance - MoCA
1.5 60 GHz Radio
1.6 Scope
1.7 Research Methodology
1.8 Target Audience
2.0 Visible Light Communications
2.1 General
2.2 LED Evolution
2.2.1 Integration
2.2.2 Development and Market
2.2.3 Free Space Optics and VLC
2.3 Details
2.3.1 Communications Channel
2.3.2 Transmitter
2.3.3 Receiver
2.4 VLC Channel Parameters
2.4.1 Frequencies and Modulation
2.4.2 Characteristics
2.4.3 Advances
2.4.4 Limiting Factors
2.5 Applications
2.6 VLC Standards Development
2.6.1 The IEEE
2.6.1.1 Conditions
2.6.1.2 Project
2.6.1.2.1 General
2.6.1.2.1.1 Highlights
2.6.1.3 Details
2.6.1.3.1 PHYs
2.6.1.3.2 MAC
2.6.1.3.3 Summary
2.6.2 Jeita (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association)
2.6.3 Visible Light Communications Consortium (VLCC)
2.6.3.1 General
2.6.3.2 Experimental Systems- VLCC Projects
2.6.4 Companies and Organizations
ECMA
ITU-T SG16
Intel
LVX System
Nakagawa Laboratories
NEC
Siemens
Tamura
Wireless Word Research Forum (WWRF)
3.0 Power Line Communications
3.1 General
3.2 HomePlug Alliance
3.2.1 Goal
3.2.2 Timetable and Technologies
3.2.2.1 Major Developments
3.2.3 ZigBee/HomePlug Smart Energy
3.3 Benefits
3.4 Projects
3.5 HomePlug v1.0
3.6 HomePlug GP
3.7 HomePlug AV
3.7.1 Drivers and Applications
3.7.2 Characteristics: PHY and MAC
3.7.3 HomePlug AV2
3.8 HomePlug Command and Control
3.9 Standard Organizations Work
3.9.1 IEEE
3.9.1.1 Approval
3.9.1.2 Focus
3.9.1.3 Certification
3.9.1.4 Groups
3.9.1.5 Summary
3.9.2 TIA
3.9.3 ETSI
3.10 HomePlug Market Segment
3.10.1 Market Projections
3.11 Vendors
ActionTec
Ariane
Atheros (Acquired by Qualcomm in 2011)
Arkados
Asoka
Bewan
Corinex
CopperGate
devolo AG
GigaFast
Gigle Networks (Acquired by Broadcom in 2010)
Insteon
K-micro
NEC
Netgear
Siemens
Spidcom
ST&T
Watteco
Yitran
Zyxel
4.0 Advancing Inside Wiring Utilization: ITU – HomePNA – G.hn - IEEE
4.1 HomePNA Alliance
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 HomePNA Technology: Major Features
4.1.2.1 First Generation
4.1.2.2 HomePNA v3.0
4.1.2.3 HomePNA v3.1
4.2 ITU
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 ITU Recommendation G.9960
4.2.3 ITU Recommendation G.9961
4.2.4 ITU Recommendation G.9972
4.2.5 G.hn Summary
4.3 HomeGrid Forum
4.4 Mixed Reaction
4.5 Acceptance
4.6 HomePNA-G.hn: Documentation
4.7 IEEE 1905.1
4.8 Samples of Vendors
CopperGate
Ikanos
Marvell
NetSys
Sigma Designs
5.0 MOCA
5.1 General
5.2 Partnerships
5.3 Details
5.3.1 MOCA v.1.x
5.3.2 MOCA v.2.0
5.4 Samples of Vendors
Actioncable
Broadcom
CommScope
Entropic
Netgear
Vixs
6.0 60 GHz Radio Technology
6.1 General
6.2 Spectrum Specifics
6.2.1 Oxygen Absorption
6.3 Antenna
6.4 Radiation Limiting at 60 GHz
6.5 Combined Effect
6.6 Progress in the Chip Technology
6.6.1 Challenges and Efforts
6.6.2 Modulation
6.6.3 Specifics
6.6.3.1 Indoor Behavior
6.7 Wi-Fi and 60 GHz Radio
6.8 Summary
6.9 60 GHz Radio: In-premises Applications
6.9.1 General
6.9.2 Benefits
6.9.3 Applications
6.9.4 Challenges
6.9.5 WirelessHD
6.9.6 WirelessHD Specifics
6.9.7 Details: WirelessHD Technology
6.9.8 Completion
6.9.8.1 Compliance Verification
6.9.9 Synopsis
6.9.10 IEEE 802.15.3c
6.9.10.1 Group
6.9.10.2 Operations
6.9.10.3 Current Status
6.9.11 Market
6.9.11.1 Specifics
6.9.11.2 Forecast
6.9.11.3 Industry and Projects
Cables to Go
Gefen
IBM
IMEC
LG
NEC
Phiar-Motorola
Panasonic
SiBeam (Acquired by Silicon Image in 2011)
Vubiq
7.0 Conclusions
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
Target Audience
This report is important to a wide audience of researches, technical and sales staff involved in the developing of intra-premises communications. It is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with related technologies. The report also helps to understand issues associated with relationship between discussed systems and other technologies.
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