Wi-Fi New Frontiers Technologies and Markets Development

This report is important to a wide audience of researches, technical and sales staff involved in the developing of WLANs and based on them network infrastructure. It is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with related technologies. The report also helps to understand issues associated with relationship between discussed systems and other technologies.

Brief

This report concentrates on recent advances in the development of the Wi-Fi technology. Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) is the most powerful, well-established and highly marketable wireless technology. Billions of Wi-Fi chips are at work, providing support for many industries, including healthcare, industrial and building automation, consumers’ electronics and other.

The report shows that the work to enhance the Wi-Fi technology has never stopped. In particular, it addresses such recent developments:

- 802.11n. The technology already produced a multi-billion market, improving such communications characteristics as the rate of transmission, coverage and other. It significantly increased the spectrum of Wi-Fi applications.
- 60 GHz Wi-Fi. This is the Wi-Fi industry response on the users’ new requirements to support gigabits per second rates of transmission over shorter ranges for such applications as a home/office distribution of HDVD and similar bandwidth-hunger applications.
- White Spaces Wi-Fi (super Wi-Fi). This technology allows utilizing the property of sub-gigahertz transmission together with Wi-Fi advances.
- Low-consumption Wi-Fi. Until recently, WLAN technologies could not compete with ZigBee, UWB and other low-consumption technologies. The creation of low-consumption Wi-Fi chips opened the doors for such applications as WSN in healthcare, manufacturing, building automation and many others.

The report addresses technological, standardization and marketing features of these recent additions to the 802.11 family; it also includes a survey of vendors and related products.

1.0 Introduction
1.1 General
1.1.1 Elements
1.2 Legacy Wi-Fi
1.2.1 802.11b
1.2.2 Family
1.2.2.1 802.11a
1.2.2.2 802.11g
1.3 Scope
1.4 Details
1.5 Research Methodology
1.6 Target Audience

2.0 IEEE 802.11n
2.1 802.11n Status
2.1.1 Environment
2.1.2 Draft v. 1.0
2.1.3 Draft v. 2.0
2.1.4 Further Developments and IEEE Approval
2.2 Wi-Fi Alliance
2.3 802.11n Technology
2.3.1 Advances
2.3.1.1 MIMO
2.3.1.2 Spatial Division Multiplexing
2.3.1.3 OFDM
2.3.1.4 Channel Bonding
2.3.1.5 Packet Aggregation
2.3.2 PHY and MAC
2.4 Major Features
2.4.1 Specifics
2.4.2 Channel Bandwidth
2.4.3 Backward Compatibility
2.4.4 Adaptation
2.4.5 Security
2.4.6 Enhancements
2.5 Benefits and Applications
2.5.1 Benefits
6.5.2 Applications
2.6 Market
2.6.1 Drivers
2.6.2 Market Forecast
2.6.2.1 Model Assumptions
2.6.2.2 Forecast
2.7 Industry
Aerohive (APs)
Aruba (APs)
Atheros (Chipsets, WUSB)
Axar (HDVD)
Buffalo (Router, AP)
Belkin (Routers, Adaptors, WUBS)
Broadcom (Chipsets, WUSB)
Cisco (AP)
Celeno (HDVD)
D-Link (Routers, WUSB)
Edimax (Router, WUSB Adapter)
Extreme (AP)
Marvell (Chipsets)
Meru (Family of Products, HDVD)
Metalink (Chipsets; HDTV)
Motorola Solution (Tools, AP)
NEC (Router)
Netgear (Router, AP, HD streaming)
Redpine Signals (Chipsets)
Ruckus (AP, Multimedia)
Ralink (Chipsets)
Quantenna (HDVD)
SiGe (Chipsets)-Acquired by Skyworks in 2011
TP-Link
TrendNet (Routers, AP, WUSB)
Xirrus
ZyXel (AP, Router, WUSB)

3.0 60 GHz Wi-Fi
3.1 Goal
3.2 General
3.3 Spectrum Specifics
3.3.1 Oxygen Absorption
3.4 Antenna
3.5 Radiation Limiting at 60 GHz
3.6 Combined Effect
3.7 Progress in the Chip Technology
3.7.1 Challenges and Efforts
3.7.2 Modulation
3.7.3 Specifics
3.7.3.1 Indoor Behavior
3.8 Summary
3.9 Prospectus
3.9.1 WiGig Alliance
3.9.1.1 Union
3.9.2 IEEE 802.11ad
3.9.2.1 Status
3.9.2.2 Coexistence
3.9.2.3 Scope
3.9.2.4 Channelization
3.9.2.5 PHY
3.9.2.6 MAC
3.9.2.7 Other Details

4.0 Wi-Fi and White Spaces
4.1 Definition
4.2 Factors
4.3 FCC Activity
4.3.1 Super Wi-Fi Hot Spots
4.3.2 Role of Database
4.3.2.1 Specifics
4.3.3 TVBD - Details
4.4 Europe: Ofcom and ECC
4.5 Ecosystem
4.6 Industry Activity
4.6.1 Microsoft
4.6.2 Utility
4.7 IEEE Standards
4.7.1 IEEE 802.16h
4.7.2 IEEE 802.11af
4.7.2.1 General: Expectations – Wi-Fi on Steroids
4.7.2.2 Differences
4.7.2.3 Benefits
4.7.2.4 Specifics
4.7.2.5 Summary
4.7.3 IEEE 1900.4
4.7.4 IEEE 802.22
4.7.4.1 General
4.7.4.2 802.22 and Smart Grid Application
4.7.4.3 Progress
4.7.4.4 Overview
4.7.4.5 Physical Layer – Major Characteristics
4.7.4.6 Cognitive Functions
4.7.4.7 Summary
4.7.5 IEEE 802.19
4.8 ECMA Activity
4.8.1 Beginning
4.8.2 Details
4.9 Cognitive Networking Alliance (CogNeA) Standard
4.10 IETF
4.11 Market
4.12 Industry
Adaptrum
Altai
Carlson Wireless
KTS Wireless
Metric Systems
Neul
Spectrum Bridge

5.0 Low-power Consumption Wi-Fi
5.1 General
5.1.1 Marketing Data
5.2 Atmel
5.3 Atech
5.4 GainSpan
5.5 G2 Microsystems (Acquired by Roving Networks in 2010)
5.6 Redpine Signals
5.7 RF Monolithics
5.8 Roving Networks
5.9 ZeroG (Microchip)

6.0 Conclusions


Figure 1: OSI and 802.11
Figure 2: 802.11n MAC
Figure 3: 802.11 Protocol Family MAC Frame Structure
Figure 4: TAM: Global Sales – Wi-Fi Chipsets ($B)
Figure 5: TAM: Global Sales – Wi-Fi Chipsets (Bill. Units)
Figure 6: TAM: Global Sales – 802.11n Chipsets ($B)
Figure 7: TAM: Global Sales – 802.11n Chipsets (Bill. Units)
Figure 8: 802.11n Market Geography
Figure 9: 60 GHz Channels
Figure 10: 60 GHz Frequencies Plan
Figure 11: Spectrum Details
Figure 12: Signal Attenuation in 60 GHz Band
Figure 13: Absorption Details
Figure 14: Bands Features Comparison
Figure 15: 802.11ad MAC
Figure 16: TVWS Channels
Figure 17: TVWS Market Structure
Figure 18: PM: Low Power Consumption Wi-Fi Chipsets Sales – Global ($B)



Table 1: 802.11b Major Characteristics
Table 2: 802.11b Channels (GHz)
Table 3: 802.11a Modulation
Table 4: 802.11g Characteristics
Table 5: 802.11 Standards Characteristics – Draft 1.0
Table 6: 802.11n PHY
Table 7: Comparison: 802.11 Family Members Transfer Rates
Table 8: 802.11n Enhancements
Table 9: 802.11n Advantages
Table 10: 60 GHz Short-reach Radio Standardization
Table 11: Directivity
Table 12: 60 GHz Links Characteristics
Table 13: 802.11ad Major Features
Table 14: TV Channels
Table 15: IEEE WS-related Standards
Table 16: Major Characteristics: IEEE 802.22

Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.

The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.

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