Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies: Mechanisms, Modelling and Future Developments (Volume 2)
Woodhead Publishing Ltd, January 2012, Pages: 520
Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.
Volume 2 is divided into three parts, part one looks at the mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metals including chapters on the adsorption and trap-sensitive diffusion of hydrogen and its impact on deformation and fracture processes. Part two investigates modern methods of modelling hydrogen damage so as to predict material-cracking properties. The book ends with suggested future directions in science and engineering to manage the hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 2 of "Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies" is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation.
Key features:
- summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure
- chapters review mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement including absorption, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in metals
- analyses ways of modelling hydrogen-induced damage and assessing service life
- discusses mechanisms of hydrogen interaction with metals and how they can be modelled
PART 1: MECHANISMS OF HYDROGEN INTERACTIONS WITH METALS
Hydrogen adsorption on the surface of metals
A A Pisarev, National Research Nuclear University “MEPHI”, Russia
- Introduction
- Adsorption effect
- Elementary processes in adsorption
- The structure of the H-Me adsorption complex
- Kinetic equations and equilibrium
- Conclusions
- References
Analysing hydrogen in metals: bulk thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) methods
K Verbeken, Ghent University (UGent), Belgium and Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany
- Introduction
- Principle of thermal desorption spectroscopy measurements (TDS)
- Experimental aspects of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS)
- Complementary techniques
- Conclusion
- References
Analysing hydrogen in metals: surface techniques
P Trocellier, Centre d’Études de Saclay, France
- Introduction
- Available techniques for analysing hydrogen
- Methods for analysing hydrogen in metals: basic principles
- Applications of hydrogen analysis methods
- Ion beam-based methods
- Conclusion
- References
Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in metals
A Turnbull, National Physical Laboratory, UK
- Introduction: hydrogen uptake
- Solubility of hydrogen in metals
- Principles of hydrogen diffusion and trapping
- Modelling of hydrogen diffusion and trapping
- Measurement of hydrogen diffusion
- Hydrogen diffusion data
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Control of hydrogen embrittlement of metals by chemical inhibitors and coatings
J H Holbrook, AmmPower LLC, H J Cialone, Edison Welding Institute, E W Collings, Ohio State University, E J Drauglis and P M Scott Battelle Columbus Laboratories and M E Mayfield, US nuclear Regulatory Commission, USA
- Introduction
- Chemical barriers to hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE): gaseous inhibitors
- Physical barriers to (HEE)
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
The role of grain boundaries in hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) of steels
C J McMahon Jr, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Introduction: modes of cracking
- Impurity effects
- Temper embrittlement and hydrogen
- Tempered-martensite embrittlement and hydrogen
- Future trends
- Conclusions
- References
Influence of hydrogen on the behavior of dislocations
I M Robertson, M L Martin and J A Fenske, University of Illinois, USA
- Introduction
- Dislocation motion
- Evidence for hydrogen dislocation interactions
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
PART 2: MODELLING HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
Modelling hydrogen induced damage mechanisms in metals
W Gerberich, University of Minnesota, USA
- Introduction
- Pros and cons of proposed mechanisms
- Evolution of decohesion models
- Evolution of shear localization models
- Summary
- Conclusions
- References
Hydrogen effects on the plasticity of face-centred cubic (ffc) crystals
D Delafosse, Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France
- Introduction and scope
- Study of dynamic interactions and elastic binding by static strain ageing (SSA)
- Modelling in the framework of the elastic theory of discrete dislocations
- Experiments on face centred cubic (fcc) single crystals oriented for single glide
- Review of main conclusions
- Future trends
- References
Continuum mechanics modelling of hydrogen embrittlement
M R Begley, University of California, J A Begley, TCA Solutions and C M Landis, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Introduction
- Basic concepts
- Crack tip fields: asymptotic elastic and plastic solutions
- Crack tip fields: finite deformation blunting predictions
- Application of crack tip fields and additional considerations
- Stresses around dislocations and inclusions
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgement
- References
Degradation models for hydrogen embrittlement
M Dadfarnia and P Sofronis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, B P Somerday and D K Balch, Sandia National Laboratories and P Schembri, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
- Introduction
- Subcritical intergranular cracking under gaseous hydrogen uptake
- Subcritical ductile cracking: gaseous hydrogen exposure at pressures less than Mpa or internal hydrogen
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
Effect of inelastic strain on hydrogen-assisted fracture of metals
M M Hall Jr, MacRay Consulting, USA
- Introduction
- Hydrogen embrittlement processes and assumptions
- Hydrogen damage models and assumptions
- Diffusion with dynamic trapping
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
- Appendix: Nomenclature
Development of service life prognosis systems for hydrogen energy devices
P E Irving, Cranfield University, UK
- Introduction
- Current techniques for control of cracking in safety critical structures
- Future developments in crack control using prognostic systems
- Prognostic systems for crack control in hydrogen energy technologies
- Potential future research areas
- Conclusions
- References
PART 3: THE FUTURE
Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems: future trends
R Jones, GT Engineering, USA
- Introduction
- Theory and modeling
- Nanoscale processes
- Dynamic crack tip processes
- Interfacial effects of hydrogen
- Measurement of localized hydrogen concentration
- Loading mode effects
- Hydrogen permeation barrier coatings
- Advances in codes and standards
- Conclusions
- References
Richard P. Gangloff is the Ferman W. Perry Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Brian P. Somerday is a member of the technical staff at Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA. Both editors are world authorities in the field of hydrogen embrittlement.
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