Advanced Membrane Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Applications
Woodhead Publishing Ltd, August 2011, Pages: 848
Membrane materials allow for the selective separation of gas and vapour and for ion transport. Materials research and development continues to drive improvements in the design, manufacture and integration of membrane technologies as critical components in both sustainable energy and clean industry applications. Membrane utilisation offers process simplification and intensification in industry, providing low-cost, and efficient and reliable operation, and contributing towards emissions reductions and energy security. "Advanced membrane science and technology for sustainable energy and environmental applications" presents a comprehensive review of membrane utilisation and integration within energy and environmental industries.
Part one introduces the topic of membrane science and engineering, from the fundamentals of membrane processes and separation to membrane characterization and economic analysis. Part two focuses on membrane utilisation for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in coal and gas power plants, including pre- and post-combustion and oxygen transport technologies. Part three reviews membranes for the petrochemical industry, with chapters covering hydrocarbon fuel, natural gas and synthesis gas processing, as well as advanced biofuels production. Part four covers membranes for alternative energy applications and energy storage, such as membrane technology for redox and lithium batteries, fuel cells and hydrogen production. Finally, part five discusses membranes utilisation in industrial and environmental applications, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and forward osmosis, as well as water, wastewater and nuclear power applications.
With its distinguished editors and team of expert contributors, "Advanced membrane science and technology for sustainable energy and environmental applications" is an essential reference for membrane and materials engineers and manufacturers, as well as researchers and academics interested in this field.
Key features:
- presents a comprehensive review of membrane science and technology, focusing on developments and applications in sustainable energy and clean-industry
- discusses the fundamentals of membrane processes and separation and membrane characterization and economic analysis
- addresses the key issues of membrane utilisation in coal and gas power plants and the petrochemical industry, the use of membranes for alternative energy applications and membrane utilisation in industrial and environmental applications
PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEMBRANE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Fundamental membrane processes, science and engineering
V Calabrò, University of Calabria and A Basile, Italian National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy
- Introduction
- Membrane processes
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Fundamental science of gas and vapour separation in polymeric membranes
Y Yampolskii, A V Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Introduction
- Basic principles and definitions of separation processes
- Effects of the properties of penetrants and polymers
- Effects of pressure on the transport parameters
- Effects of temperature on the transport parameters
- Gas permeability of polymers: objects of membrane gas separation
- References
- Appendix: list of symbols
Characterization of membranes for energy and environmental applications
M Campo, A Tanaka and A Mendes, University of Porto and J M Sousa, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
- Polymer and carbon molecular sieve membranes
- Zeolite and mixed matrix membranes
- Mass transport characterization
- Conclusions
- References
- Appendix: List of symbols
Economic analysis of membrane use in industrial applications
V Calabrò, University of Calabria and A Basile, Italian National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy
- Introduction
- Economic analysis
- Case studies
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
PART 2: MEMBRANES FOR COAL AND GAS POWER PLANTS: CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) CAPTURE, SYNTHESIS GAS PROCESSING AND OXYGEN (O2) TRANSPORT
Membrane technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants
A Basile, A Gugliuzza and A Iulianelli, Italian National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR) and P Morrone, University of Calabria, Italy
- Introduction
- Reasons for using membranes for carbon dioxide (CO2) separation and sequestration
- A short review of membrane technology for CO2 separation
- Performances of membrane processes for CO2 sequestration
- Membrane modules for CO2 sequestration
- Design for power plant integration
- Cost considerations and membrane technology at the industrial scale
- Modelling aspects of gas permeation membrane modules
- Conclusion and future trends
- References
- Appendix: list of symbols
Polymeric membranes for post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture
W Yave and A Car, GKSS-Research Centre Geesthacht GmbH, Germany
- Introduction
- Basic principles of flue gas membrane separation
- Membrane development and applications in power plants
- Operation and performance issues and analysis
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- References
Inorganic membranes for pre-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture
A Iulianelli and A Basile, Italian National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy, H Li and R W van den Brink, ECN Hydrogen Production and CO2 capture, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Inorganic membranes for carbon dioxide (CO2) separation
- Membrane reactors for CO2 capture
- Techno-economic analysis of the IGCC and NGCC
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Inorganic membranes for synthesis gas processing
S Smart, L P Ding and J C Diniz da Costa, University of Queensland, Australia
- Introduction
- Basic principles of membrane operation
- Membrane materials and development
- Application and integration in industry
- Membrane modules
- Future trends
- Conclusions
- References
- Appendix: list of symbols
Oxygen (O2) transport membranes: dense ceramic membranes for power plant applications
S Smart and J C Diniz da Costa, University of Queensland, Australia, S Baumann and W A Meulenberg, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
- Introduction
- Oxygen transport membrane materials, development and design
- Principles of oxygen membrane separation
- Application and integration in power plants
- Oxygen transport membranes
- Future trends
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
PART 3: MEMBRANES FOR THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY: HYDROCARBON FUEL AND NATURAL GAS PROCESSING, AND ADVANCED BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
Membranes for hydrocarbon fuel processing and separation
A Gugliuzza, A Iulianelli and A Basile, Italian National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy
- Introduction
- Membrane materials, development and design for hydrocarbon processing
- Separation of olefins and paraffins
- Removal of hydrocarbons from liquid streams
- Nanotechnologies from fundamental research to large-scale industry
- References
- Appendix: list of symbols
Polymeric membranes for natural gas processing
S E Kentish, CRC for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), University of Melbourne, Australia
- Introduction
- Polymeric membrane operations in natural gas processing
- Membrane materials, development and design for natural gas processing
- Operation and performance issues and analysis
- Application and integration into natural gas operations
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: symbols
Membranes for advanced biofuels production
S Curcio, University of Calabria, Italy
- General overview of second-generation biofuels
- Hydrolysis of biomass to produce sugars
- The key role of process engineering for second-generation biofuels production
- Membrane bioreactors
- Biocatalyst continuously separated by a membrane system and recirculated into the reaction tank
- Biocatalyst immobilized onto the membrane surface
- Continuous stirred tank reactor with biocatalyst immobilized on the membrane surface (CSTMB)
- Single pass membrane bioreactor
- Hollow fibre membrane bioreactor with recycle of unreacted substrate
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: list of symbols
PART 4: MEMBRANES FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS: BATTERIES, FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN (H2) PRODUCTION
Ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries
S S Hosseiny, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, RWTH-Aachen University, Germany and M Wessling, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, RWTH-Aachen University, Germany and University of Twente, The Netherlands
- Electrochemical energy storage
- Vanadium redox flow batteries
- Membranes
- Conclusions
- References
Membranes for lithium batteries
R Bongiovanni and J R Nair, Politecnico di Torino, C Gerbaldi, Italian Institute of Technology and Politecnico di Torino, Italy and A M Stephan, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, India
- Introduction
- Types of lithium battery and basic operating principles
- Polymer electrolyte membranes for advanced lithium batteries
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
V Arcella, L Merlo and A Ghielmi, Solvay Solexis S.p.A., Italy
- Introduction
- Basic operating principles and types of fuel cell
- Membrane materials, design and fabrication processes
- Membrane performance in operation: issues and analysis
- Integration and application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system
- Advantages and limitations of PEM fuel cells
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: list of symbols
Functional ceramic hollow fibre membranes for catalytic membrane reactors and solid oxide fuel cells
Z T Wu, M H D Othman, B F K Kingsbury and K Li, Imperial College London, UK
- Introduction
- Membrane materials issues
- Membrane development routes and macrostructure control
- A multifunctional dual layer hollow fibre membrane reactor (DL-HFMR) for methane conversion
- Dual-layer hollow fibres for micro-tubular SOFC
- Other ways to improve ceramic dual-layer hollow fibres
- Conclusions
- References
- Appendix: list of symbols
Proton conducting ceramic membranes for solid oxide fuel cells and hydrogen (H2) processing
W A Meulenberg, M E Ivanova, J M Serra and S Roitsch, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
- Introduction
- Operation principle of proton-conducting ceramic membranes and demands on the materials
- Protons and proton conductance in ceramics
- Conductivity and hydrogen (H2) flux of selected classes of ceramic membrane materials
- Structure of selected classes of proton-conducting materials
- Chemical stability of selected classes of ceramic membrane materials
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Membrane electrolysers for hydrogen (H2) production
P Millet, University of Paris, France
- Introduction
- Basic principles of electrolysis
- Membrane materials
- Membrane performance
- Application and integration of electrolyser systems
- Some advantages and limitations of current membrane materials
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
- Appendix: nomenclature
Biomimetic membrane reactors for hydrogen (H2) production
S Bensaid and G Saracco, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
- Introduction
- General background to the concept
- An ambitious goal with numerous challenges
- Thermodynamic limitations and device design
- An integrated engineering approach for solar-to-fuel conversion
- Conclusions
- References
PART 5: MEMBRANES FOR INDUSTRIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS
Membranes for industrial microfiltration and ultrafiltration
A Cassano and A Basile, Italian National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy
- Introduction
- Basic principles of microfiltration and ultrafiltration
- Membrane materials and membrane preparation technology
- Module configuration and process design
- Concentration polarization and membrane fouling
- Applications
- Microfiltration and ultrafiltration in integrated processes
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: nomenclature
Membranes for forward osmosis in industrial applications
N K Rastogi and C A Nayak, Central Food Technological Research Institute, India
- Introduction
- Mechanism of forward osmosis
- Membranes for forward osmosis
- Forward osmosis membrane modules
- Effect of various parameters on transmembrane flux
- Applications of forward osmosis
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
Degradation of polymeric membranes in water and wastewater treatment
A Antony and G Leslie, The University of New South Wales, Australia
- Introduction
- Polymer materials and module design
- Membrane failure and operational issues
- Membrane degradation mechanisms
- Identification and monitoring of membrane degradation
- Materials degradation control strategies
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Membranes for photocatalysis in water and wastewater treatment
V Loddo and L Palmisano, Università di Palermo and T Marino and R Molinari, Università della Calabria, Italy
- Introduction
- Basic principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis
- Membrane materials developments and design for photocatalysis
- Membrane operations performance issues and analysis: case studies
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Membranes for nuclear power applications
S Tosti, ENEA and C Rizzello, Tesi Sas, Italy
- Introduction
- Membranes for nuclear fission applications
- Membranes for nuclear fusion applications
- Conclusions
- Future trends
- References
Professor Angelo Basile is a senior researcher at the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Italy.
Dr Suzana Pereira Nunes is Principal Research Scientist at the Centre for Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The editors are renowned for their research and development of advanced membrane technologies.
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