Handbook of Advanced Radioactive Waste Conditioning Technologies
Woodhead Publishing Ltd, January 2012, Pages: 512
Radioactive wastes are generated from a wide range of sources, including the power industry, and medical and scientific research institutions, presenting a range of challenges in dealing with a diverse set of radionuclides of varying concentrations. Conditioning technologies are essential for the encapsulation and immobilisation of these radioactive wastes, forming the initial engineered barrier required for their transportation, storage and disposal. The need to ensure the long term performance of radioactive waste forms is a key driver of the development of advanced conditioning technologies.
The "Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies" provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastes. The book opens with an introductory chapter on radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies. Part one reviews the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction, incineration and plasma treatment, as well as encapsulation methods such as cementation, calcination and vitrification. This coverage is extended in part two, with in-depth reviews of the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioning, including geopolymers, glass and ceramic matrices for nuclear waste immobilisation, and waste packages and containers for disposal. Finally, part three reviews the long-term performance assessment and knowledge management techniques applicable to both spent nuclear fuels and solid radioactive waste forms.
With its distinguished international team of contributors, the "Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies" is a standard reference for all radioactive waste management professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers involved in the development of the nuclear fuel cycle.
Key features:
- provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastes
- explores radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies including the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioning
- assesses the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction
- reviews the long-term performance assessment and knowledge management techniques applicable to both spent nuclear fuels and solid radioactive waste forms
Reviews:
A comprehensive and valuable reference book written by a team of outstanding experts, dealing with one of the most critical aspects of nuclear power generation: the safe and sound management of the radioactive waste.
Dr Rudolf Burcl, European Commission, JRC - Institute for Energy, Petten, The Netherlands
Woodhead Publishing has commissioned recognized world experts in reporting on the latest radioactive waste conditioning technologies for this valuable new book.
Gary A. Benda, Deputy Managing Director and Chairman, Program Advisory Committee, WM Symposia, USA
Radioactive waste characterization
M I Ojovan, University of Sheffield, UK
- Introduction
- Radioactive waste classification
- Radioactive waste processing
- Selection of conditioning technologies
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
PART 1: RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES AND CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES
Compaction processes and technology for treatment and conditioning of radioactive waste
M Garamszeghy, Ontario Power Generation, Canada
- Applicable wastes streams in compaction processes and technology
- Compaction processes and technology
- End waste forms and quality control of compaction processes
- Pre-treatment in compaction processes
- Secondary wastes of compaction processes and technology
- Advantages and limitations of compaction processes and technology
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Incineration and plasma processes and technology for treatment and conditioning of radioactive waste
J Deckers, Belgoprocess, Belgium
- Introduction
- Applicable waste streams in incineration processes and technology
- Incineration process and technology
- Plasma process and technology
- End waste form and quality control in incineration (plasma) processes
- Advantages and limitations of incineration (plasma) processes
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Application of inorganic cements to the conditioning and immobilisation of radioactive wastes
F Glasser, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
- Overview
- nufacture of Portland cement
- Application of Portland cement
- Hydration of Portland cement
- Porosity and permeability
- Supplementary cementitious materials
- Mineral aggregates
- Service environments and cement performance in its service environment
- Standards and testing
- Organic materials added to Portland cement
- Service environments and lessons from historic concrete
- Non-Portland cement
- Immobilisation mechanisms
- Deterioration processes affecting Portland cement: processes and features
- Carbonation
- Miscellaneous interactions of cement in its service environment
- Summary and conclusions
- References
Calcination and vitrification processes for conditioning of radioactive wastes
A S Aloy, Khoplin Radium Institute, Russia
- Introduction
- Calcinations and vitrification processes
- End waste forms and quality control in calcinations and vitrification processes
- References
Historical development of glass and ceramic waste forms for high level radioactive wastes
C M Jantzen, Savannah River National Laboratory, USA
- Borosilicate glass development in the United States
- Borosilicate glass development in France
- Borosilicate glass development in the United Kingdom
- Aluminosilicate glass development in Canada
- Phosphate glass development in the US, Russia, Germany and Belgium
- Ceramic waste for development in various countries
- References
Decommissioning of nuclear facilities and environmental remediation: generation and management of radioactive and other wastes
M Laraia, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Austria
- Introduction
- What is decommissioning?
- Generation of decommissioning waste
- Waste from dismantling of nuclear facilities
- Waste from decontamination for decommissioning purposes
- Problematic decommissioning waste
- Environmental remediation as a decommissioning component
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 2: ADVANCED MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE IMMOBILISATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES
Development of geopolymers for nuclear waste immobilisation
E R Vance and D Perera, Australian Nuclear and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australia
- Nuclear wastes around the world
- Cementitious low level waste (LLW)/intermediate level waste (ILW) forms
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Development of glass matrices for high level radioactive wastes
C M Jantzen, Savannah River National Laboratory, USA
- Introduction
- High level waste (HLW) glass processing
- Glass formulation and waste loading
- Glass quality: feed forward process control
- Other glasses
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Development of ceramic matrices for high level radioactive wastes
H Kinoshita, University of Sheffield, UK
- Introduction
- Ceramic phases
- Ceramic waste forms for the future
- Further information and advice
- Acknowledgement
- References
Development of waste packages: French experience
G Ouzounian and R Poisson, National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Wastes (ANDRA), France
Introduction Existing waste packages used for the disposal of short lived low and intermediate level waste - Waste packages being developed for other types of radioactive waste
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Glossary of terms
- References
Development and use of metal containers
I G Crossland, Crossland Consulting, UK
- Introduction
- Safety in radioactive waste disposal
- Approaches to physical containment of radioactive waste
- Metal corrosion: an overview
- Radioactive waste containers in use or proposed
- Quality management of metal canisters
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 3: RADIOACTIVE WASTE LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
Failure mechanisms of high level nuclear waste forms in storage and geological disposal conditions
V V Rondinella, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Germany
- Introduction: the main aspects of the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle
- Effects of radiation on properties relevant for storage and disposal of high level waste (HLW)
- Chemical corrosion of HLW in presence of water
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Development of long-term performance models for radioactive waste forms
D Bacon and E Pierce, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
- Introduction
- Thermo-hydro-mechanical performance modeling
- Corrosion modeling
- Source term release modeling
- Future trends
- References
Knowledge management for radioactive waste management organisations
P Gowin, J Kinker, A Kosilov, I Upshall and Y Yanev, International Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Introduction
- Challenges for managing nuclear knowledge in radioactive waste management organisations
- Managing nuclear knowledge over very long time scales
- Implementing knowledge management in radioactive was management organisations
- Knowledge management tools and techniques for use in radioactive waste management
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Dr Michael I. Ojovan is an Assistant Professor in Materials Science and Waste Immobilisation at the University of Sheffield, UK, a Fellow of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and a technical expert for the International Atomic Energy Agency. He has published widely and is noted for his work on glass transition and viscosity of amorphous materials and his research into nuclear waste processing and immobilisation technologies.
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