Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology: In Situ Characterization Techniques for Low Temperature Fuel Cells (Volume 2)
Woodhead Publishing Ltd, February 2012, Pages: 524
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) technology are promising forms of low-temperature electrochemical power conversion technologies that operate on hydrogen and methanol respectively. Featuring high electrical efficiency and low operational emissions, they have attracted intense worldwide commercialisation research and development efforts. These R&D efforts include a major drive towards improving materials performance, fuel cell operation and durability. In situ characterisation is essential to improving performance and extending operational lifetime through providing information necessary to understand how fuel cell materials perform under operational loads.
This two volume set reviews the fundamentals, performance, and in situ characterisation of PEMFCs and DMFCs. Volume 2 details in situ characterisation, including experimental and innovative techniques, used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance. Part I reviews enhanced techniques for characterisation of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry. Part II reviews characterisation techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, Part III focuses on locally resolved characterisation methods, from transient techniques and electrochemical microscopy, to laser-optical methods and synchrotron radiography.
With its international team of expert contributors, Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology Volumes 1 & 2 will be an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology Volumes 1 & 2 is an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics.
Key features:
- details in situ characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), including the experimental and innovative techniques used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance
- examines enhanced techniques for characterisation of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry
- reviews characterisation techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, and comprehensively covers locally resolved characterisation methods, from transient techniques to laser-optical methods
- the two volume set is an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics
PART 1: ADVANCED CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES FOR POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE AND DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS
Extended X-ray absorption structure (EXAFS) technique for low temperature fuel cell characterisation
E Principi, Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Italy
- Introduction
- Basic principles and methods
- Development of techniques
- Application to fuel cell inspection
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Advanced microscopy techniques for the characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell components
H Schulenburg, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Switzerland, C Roth, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and F Scheiba, IFW Dresden, Germany
- Analytical challenges in fuel cell research
- Imaging of the ionomer
- Imaging of electrode porosity
- Imaging of the interface between electrode and gas diffusion layer
- The future of advanced microscopy in fuel cell research
- Acknowledgements
- References
Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) technique for direct alcohol fuel cell characterisation
C Cremers and D Bayer, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, Germany
- Introduction
- Basic principles, cell design and applications
- Experimental techniques
- Application with respect to fuel cell catalysis
- Advantages and limitations of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)
- Fuel cell DEMS and in-line mass spectrometry
- References
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell characterisation
X Tuaev and P Strasser, Technical University Berlin, Germany
- Introduction
- Principles and methods of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
- Application of SAXS to fuel cell component characterization
- Future trends in SAXS-based fuel cell catalysis research
- Sources of further information
- References
X-ray absorption near edge structure (?µ XANES) techniques for low temperature fuel cell characterisation
D E Ramaker, George Washington University, USA and C Roth, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
- Introduction
- Basic principles, methods and theoretical calculations
- Applications
- Advantages, limitations and future trends
- References
PART 2: CHARACTERISATION OF WATER AND FUEL MANAGEMENT IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE AND DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS
Characterisation and modelling of interfaces in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
T Swamy, The Pennsylvania State University and E C Kumbur, Drexel University, USA
- Introduction
- Characterization of interfacial morphology in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs)
- Experimental investigation of interfaces in PEFCs
- Modeling of interfaces in PEFCs
- Future work
- References
Neutron radiography for high-resolution studies in low temperature fuel cells
D S Hussey and D L Jacobson, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
- Introduction
- Experimental layout of a high resolution neutron imaging beamline
- Image acquisition and analysis
- Review of recent experiments
- Outlook and conclusions
- References
Neutron radiography for the investigation of reaction patterns in direct methanol fuel cells
K Wippermann and A Schröder, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
- Introduction
- Principle of neutron radiography imaging
- Development of combined high resolution neutron radiography and local current distribution measurements
- Combined neutron radiography and local current distribution measurements
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Neutron tomography for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell characterisation
I Manke and N Kardjilov, Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy and C Hartnig, Chemetall GmbH, Germany
- Introduction
- Complementarity of neutrons and X-rays
- Principles of neutron tomography
- Limitations and artifacts
- Examples of applications
- Outlook
- References
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for polymer electrolyte membrane and direct alcohol fuel cell characterisation
K W Feindel, National Research Council Canada, Canada
- Introduction
- Concepts of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
- Introduction to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- MNR and MRI hardware
- MRI technical considerations
- Adaptation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) design and materials
- Quantification of water content
- General water distribution
- Water in the PEM
- Flow channels
- Hydrogen-deuterium contrast
- Application to direct alcohol fuel cells
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Raman spectroscopy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell characterisation
H Bettermann and P Fischer, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany
- Introduction
- Raman fundamentals
- Experimental setup
- Raman spectroscopic investigations of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells
- Outlook and future prospects
- Acknowledgement
- References
PART 3: LOCALLY RESOLVED METHODS FOR POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE AND DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL CHARACTERISATION
Submillimeter resolved transient techniques for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell characterisation: local in situ diagnostics for channel and land areas
I A Schneider, M H Bayer and S von Dahlen, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Switzerland
- Spatially-resolved characterization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs)
- Approaches for the evaluation of the lateral current distribution in PEFCs
- Submillimeter-resolved local current measurement in channel and land areas
- Local transient techniques in channel and land areas
- Combined use of local transient techniques and neutron radiography
- Start / stop phenomena in channel and land areas
- Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgements
- References
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in proton exchange membrane fuel cell research and development
W Schuhmann, Ruhr-Universität Bochum and M Bron, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- Introduction
- Basics of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)
- SECM in fuel cell catalyst development and investigation
- Towards the characterization of fuel cell electrodes with SECM
- Future trends
- References
Laser-optical methods for transport studies in low temperature fuel cells
R Lindken and S Burgmann, Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik ZBT GmbH, Germany
- Introduction
- Basic principles, methods and technology
- Development of techniques and application to fuel cell inspection
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Synchrotron radiography for high resolution transport and materials studies of low temperature fuel cells
C Hartnig, Chemetall GmbH and I Manke, Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Germany
- Introduction
- Ex situ studies
- In situ studies
- In situ synchrotron tomography
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Dr Christoph Hartnig works at Chemetall GmbH and formerly headed research departments at both BASF Fuel Cell GmbH and the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research (ZSW), Germany.
Dr Christina Roth is Professor for Renewable Energies at Technische Universität Darmstadt and Head of a Research Group at the Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. The editors are well known for their research and work in the fields of low temperature fuel cell technology and materials characterisation.
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