Stretchable Electronics Comes to Market
IDTechEx, December 2012, Pages: 175
Introduction
Stretchable electronics concerns electrical and electronic circuits and combinations of these that are elastically or inelastically stretchable by more than a few percent while retaining function. For that, they tend to be laminar and usually thin. No definitions of electronics and electrical sectors are fully watertight but it is convenient to consider stretchable electronics as a part of printed electronics, a term taken to include printed and potentially printed (eg thin film) electronics and electrics. This is because the cost, space and weight reduction sought in most cases is best achieved by printing and printing-like technologies.
Market forecast by component type for 2012-2022 in US $ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites
The applications targeted are primarily in healthcare, including health-related monitoring and management for military purposes and sport. About 40% of the research and commercialisation of stretchable electronics takes place in the USA, with the UK, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Korea and Japan, also making a broad impact. This report examines who is bringing what to market and why and it analyses where the most promising opportunities lie. It scopes the emerging stretchable technologies, many of which promise huge improvements, opening yet more potential markets.
Main areas the report covers
Examination of how stretchable technology fits into the printed electronics and allied scenes, the materials and applications that look most promising and the lessons of success and failure. Profile of 55 organisations that have made significant advances.
Who should buy this report?
Those developing, manufacturing and selling printed electronics and those that seek to do so. Those wishing to do product integration involving printed electronics. Those seeking to improve procedures, capability, safety cost and efficiency particularly in healthcare, sport, military, automotive and consumer electronics and electrics sectors. Investors and potential investors in leading edge electronics and electric companies. Materials scientists, electronics and electrical industry professionals.
Forecasts
At this early stage forecasting is difficult but we give some indications for the next ten years and reveal many key trends.
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Forecasts
1.2. Definition and purpose
1.3. Commercial success
1.4. Unbalanced value chain
1.5. Four types of stretchable electronics
1.6. Categories of printed electronics and the place of stretchable
1.7. The three most promising types
1.8. Too much emphasis on healthcare?
1.9. Popular approach of islands
1.10. Extreme stretchability
1.11. Potential benefits
1.12. Activities by organisation
1.13. The market for printed electronics 2012-2032
1.14. The potential significance of flexible and stretchable electronics
1.15. Stretchability in order to manufacture formed parts
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Ubiquitous electronics
2.2. Characteristics of the new electronics
2.3. Demographic timebomb
2.4. The evolving toolkit
2.5. Very different from the traditional value chain
2.6. Stretchable electronics
2.7. Foldable electronics
2.8. Removing pressure points from electronic skin patches and bandages
2.9. Printing sensors
2.10. Wide repertoire
3. HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS
3.1. Active monitoring hardware
3.2. Birubin blanket
3.3. Controlling brain seizures
3.4. Epidermal electronics
3.5. Heart monitoring and control
3.5.1. Driving defibrillator and pacemaker implants
3.5.2. Mapping heart action and providing therapy
3.5.3. Bio-integrated electronics for cardiac therapy
3.6. Medical micropackaging
3.7. Monitoring compression garments
3.8. Monitoring babies
3.9. Monitoring shoe insoles of those with diabetes
3.10. Monitoring vital signs with smart textiles
3.11. Non-invasive sensing and analysis of sweat
3.12. Renal function monitoring
3.13. Remote monitoring and telemetry of vital signs
3.13.1. Body Area Networks BAN
3.13.2. Skin sensors with telemetry
4. OTHER APPLICATIONS
4.1. Wearable electronics
4.1.1. Energy harvester
4.1.2. Stretchable watch
4.2. Sport and leisure
4.2.1. Electronic eyeball camera
4.2.2. Baseball demonstrator of stretchable transistors
4.3. Automotive electronics
4.4. Haptic actuators for consumer and industrial electronics
4.5. Heating circuits
4.6. Light emitting textiles
5. STRETCHABILITY REQUIREMENTS AND STRUCTURAL APPROACH
5.1. Morphology and geometry
5.2. Basic choices of construction
5.3. Extensibility sought
5.4. Choice of electronic sophistication
5.5. Rigid islands as an option
5.5.1. Nanowire springs - a possible next generation
5.6. Stretchable materials
5.6.1. Example - transparent skin-like pressure sensor
5.7. Possible stretchable technology evolution
5.8. Printed and stretchable electronics need new design rules
6. KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES -STRETCHABLE AND FOLDABLE
6.1. Stretchable conductors
6.1.1. Options
6.1.2. Stretchable carbon nanotube conductors
6.1.3. Stretchable conductors on textiles
6.2. Stretchable electronic and electrical components
6.3. The first fully stretchable OLED
6.4. Energy harvesting
6.4.1. Energy harvesting compared with alternatives
6.4.2. Power requirements of different devices
6.4.3. Harvesting options to meet these requirements
6.4.4. Ubiquitous photovoltaics
6.4.5. Sensor power requirements
6.4.6. Stanford's new stretchable solar cells
6.4.7. Trend towards multiple energy harvesting
6.4.8. Timeline
6.5. Stretchable batteries
6.6. Electroactive polymers
7. PROFILES OF 55 ORGANISATIONS IN THIS FIELD
7.1. ACREO Sweden
7.2. AIST Japan
7.3. Artificial Muscle USA
7.4. Air Force Laboratory USA
7.5. Avery Dennison USA
7.6. Body Media USA
7.7. Cambrios Technologies USA
7.8. East Japan Railway Company Japan
7.9. École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Switzerland
7.10. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI Korea
7.11. Fraunhofer IZM
7.12. French National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS France
7.13. Freudenberg Germany
7.14. G24 Innovations UK
7.15. Georgia Institute of Technology USA
7.16. Holst Centre Netherlands
7.17. Idaho National Laboratory USA
7.18. IMEC Belgium
7.19. Imperial College UK
7.20. IntAct USA
7.21. ITRI Taiwan
7.22. Johannes Kepler University Austria
7.23. Konarka USA
7.24. Korea Electronics Technology Institute Korea
7.25. Lockheed Martin Corporation USA
7.26. Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA
7.27. MC10 USA
7.28. Michigan Technological University USA
7.29. Micromuscle Sweden
7.30. Nokia Research Centre Cambridge UK
7.31. Northwestern University USA
7.32. Palo Alto Research Center PARC USA
7.33. Pelikon UK
7.34. Philips Netherlands
7.35. Physical Optics Corporation USA
7.36. POWERLeap USA
7.37. PowerFilm USA
7.38. Shimmer Research USA
7.39. Simon Fraser University Canada
7.40. Smartex Italy
7.41. Southampton University Hospital UK
7.42. Stanford University USA
7.43. Sungkyunkwang University Korea
7.44. Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan
7.45. Tyndall National Institute Ireland
7.46. University of Cambridge UK
7.47. University of Gent Belgium
7.48. University of Heidelberg Germany
7.49. University of Illinois Urbana Champaign USA
7.50. University of Michigan USA
7.51. University of Pittsburgh USA
7.52. University of Princeton USA
7.53. Uppsala University Sweden
7.54. Urgo France
7.55. Verhaert, Belgium
8. GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Four types of stretchable electronics
1.2. Main uses, actual and envisaged, of the primary forms of printed electronics
1.3. Some potential benefits of printed and partly printed electronics and electrics over conventional devices in various applications with relevance to stretchable electronics
1.4. Examples of leading companies commercialising printed electronics by type
1.5. Market forecast by component type for 2012-2022 in $ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites
1.6. Market forecasts for 2032 in $ billion
1.7. Leading market drivers 2022
2.1. Types of printed electronics and allied capabilities
6.1. Energy harvesting compared with alternatives
6.2. Comparison of pn junction and electrophotochemical photovoltaics.
FIGURES
1.1. The unbalanced supply chain for printed electronics
1.2. Categories of printed electronics and the place of stretchable electronics, morphologies and chemistry today in terms of function and commercialisation.
1.3. Concept of stretchable electronics in body decoration
1.4. 3000 of the leading organisations tackling printed and potentially printed devices and their materials
1.5. Nantennas for flexible solar power film.
1.6. Market forecast by component type for 2012-2022 in $ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites
1.7. Market forecasts for the global market for printed electronics in 2032 in $ billion
1.8. Leading market drivers 2022
1.9. T-Ink overhead control and lighting cluster in the Ford Fusion car
2.1. Ubiquitous electronics
2.2. Collaboration essential to the new electronics.
2.3. Foldable two meter diameter printed AC electroluminescent disco light
2.4. Motion Lighting AC electroluminescent lamps
2.5. Estée Lauder skin patch which electrically accelerates the absorption of cosmetic reducing creases and blotches in the skin.
2.6. Leading forms of printed, flexible sensors and diagnostics
2.7. Pressure sensor matrix
2.8. Large area and high power flexible and stretchable electronics
2.9. Flexible and stretchable volume/ price options
3.1. Active monitoring hardware
3.2. Birubin blanket
3.3. Animal brain map taken using stretchable electronics during seizure
3.4. Epidermal stretchable electronics
3.5. Heart harvester design
3.6. Heart harvester in action
3.7. Electronics on Balloons: Instrumented Surgical Catheters
3.8. Urgo band aid demonstrator for pressure measurement undercompression garments.
3.9. Flexible silicon skin
3.10. Integrated stretchable Ruler in SCB design
3.11. Shoe insole for monitoring those with diabetes
3.12. Body Area Network
3.13. Body monitoring with telemetry
3.14. Innovative body sensor that can be worn by users to remotely gather physiological data
4.1. Stretchable watch made with rigid components and laser cut stretchable metal interconnect
4.2. Stretchable LED array using conventional rigid LEDs that works under water
4.3. Eyeball camera
4.4. Flexible and stretchable thin film transistor array covering a baseball
4.5. Kuniharu Takei, Toshitake Takahashi and Ali Javey at the microscope electric probe station used to characterize flexible and stretchable backplanes for e-skin and other electronic devices.
4.6. Car compartment demonstrator
4.7. Pelikon haptic touch actuator
4.8. A printed heating circuit in STELLA-SPB-Technology by FNM
4.9. Light emitting textile
5.1. Primary morphologies of stretchable electronics today.
5.2. Skin extensibility map
5.3. Mechanical properties of typical materials used in stretchable electronics
5.4. Mechanical architecture of stretchable electronics
5.5. Silicon nanowire spring
5.6. Limited 3D "trampoline" stretchability with islands
5.7. Meander pattern for trampoline testing
5.8. Stanford ultra-stretchy skin-lke pressure sensor
5.9. Possible evolution of stretchable electronics
5.10. Early cars borrowed the body styles and chassis construction of horse-drawn vehicles.
5.11. Bluespark printed manganese dioxide zinc battery supporting integral antenna and interconnects.
6.1. Peeling sticker to make spring
6.2. Stretchable carbon nanotube conductors
6.3. Conductive pattern printed on a non-woven textile
6.4. Gold electrodes on silicone skin wrapped around a table corner
6.5. Stretchable OLED
6.6. Harvesting options by power level
6.7. Power requirements of small electronic products including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the types of battery employed
6.8. Microsensor power budget
6.9. Power density provided by different forms of energy harvesting
6.10. Stanford stretchable photovoltaics.
6.11. Professor Zhenan Bao
6.12. Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting
6.13. Artificial Muscle original business plan
6.14. Artificial Muscle's actuator
7.1. Distribution of profiles by country
7.2. Transparent photovoltaic film
7.3. ViviTouch by Artificial Muscle Inc
7.4. Solar sail made of printed Dye Sensitised Solar Cells DSSC that can be furled
7.5. Nantennas
7.6. Bulk nantennas
7.7. Human sensor networks
7.8. Morph concept
7.9. Flexible & Changing Design
7.10. Concept device based on reduce, reuse recycle envisages many forms of energy harvesting
7.11. Carrying strap provides power to the sensor unit
7.12. An optical image of an electronic device in a complex deformation mode
7.13. Pelikon haptic, light emitting keyboard that changes for different purposes.
7.14. PowerFilm literature
7.15. Knee-Mounted Device Generates Electricity While You Walk
7.16. Heart harvester developed at Southampton University Hospital
7.17. Stretchable graphene transistors
7.18. Transmitter left and implanted receiver right for inductively powered implantable dropped foot stimulator for stroke victims
7.19. Surveillance bat
7.20. Sensor head on COM-BAT
7.21. Stretchable wireless sensor on knee
- ACREO Sweden
- AIST Japan
- Artificial Muscle USA
- Air Force Laboratory USA
- Avery Dennison USA
- Body Media USA
- Cambrios Technologies USA
- East Japan Railway Company Japan
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Switzerland
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI Korea
- Fraunhofer IZM
- French National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS France
- Freudenberg Germany
- G Innovations UK
- Georgia Institute of Technology USA
- Holst Centre Netherlands
- Idaho National Laboratory USA
- IMEC Belgium
- Imperial College UK
- IntAct USA
- ITRI Taiwan
- Johannes Kepler University Austria
- Konarka USA
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute Korea
- Lockheed Martin Corporation USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA
- MC USA
- Michigan Technological University USA
- Micromuscle Sweden
- Nokia Research Centre Cambridge UK
- Northwestern University USA
- Palo Alto Research Center PARC USA
- Pelikon UK
- Philips Netherlands
- Physical Optics Corporation USA
- POWERLeap USA
- PowerFilm USA
- Shimmer Research USA
- Simon Fraser University Canada
- Smartex Italy
- Southampton University Hospital UK
- Stanford University USA
- Sungkyunkwang University Korea
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan
- Tyndall National Institute Ireland
- University of Cambridge UK
- University of Gent Belgium
- University of Heidelberg Germany
- University of Illinois Urbana Champaign USA
- University of Michigan USA
- University of Pittsburgh USA
- University of Princeton USA
- Uppsala University Sweden
- Urgo France
- Verhaert, Belgium
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