Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe - Tougher Reference Pricing Environment and Drug Price Freeze through 2013 Expected to Drive Down Healthcare Costs

GBI Research, May 2012, Pages: 66

GBI Research, the leading business intelligence provider, has released its latest research “Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe - Tougher Reference Pricing Environment and Drug Price Freeze through 2013 Expected to Drive Down Healthcare Costs”. It provides a comprehensive overview of the healthcare systems as well as pricing in five European nations with a detailed analysis of the different regulatory mechanisms used in these countries. The report closely scrutinizes major changes in pricing for pharmaceuticals in these European nations in the recent past and their impact in the near future. The countries analyzed in the report are the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy.

GBI Research’s analysis describes healthcare across the Five European nations, which is largely publicly financed and is provided by health insurance systems; hence, the European governments play a key role in providing healthcare for their citizens. Health is of high priority for Europe’s citizens and pharmaceutical costs are the third most important component in the member states’ healthcare budgets. Currently, the governments of the member countries face substantially rising costs for the provision of health care (average costs are rising at a faster rate than GDP) due to over-prescription of drugs, their irrational usage, and other key factors such as Europe’s ageing population and increasing cost of new medical technologies. Consumer preference for branded drugs to generic drugs in cases where the patent for the drug has expired is also one of the reasons for increasing healthcare costs.

Austerity packages announced by the countries are incorporating demand side and supply side policies to reduce the fiscal burden of which healthcare costs command a major proportion. The governmental demand side policies include measures that affect the reimbursements of drugs such as positive and negative lists, cost sharing, reference pricing, risk-sharing contracts, tenders, pay-back arrangements and other provisions aimed at a more rational use of pharmaceutical products and making demand more price sensitive. The most applied supply policy is price regulation which includes price control and price negotiation. The specific features of individual policies vary significantly across the member states. Single pricing mechanism is still an issue in the Europe.

Scope

- Overview of the macroeconomic factors (PEST analysis of pharmaceutical industry) for top five countries of Europe.

- Detailed study of the healthcare systems and roles of the key players in the respective pharmaceutical systems of top five countries of Europe – the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain;.

- Analysis of the major pricing mechanisms in each country.

- Key trends that follow from the recent changes brought about in the pricing of drugs.

- Build an understanding of the possible major challenges brought about by the enactment of changes in drug price cuts in the countries covered.

Reasons to buy

- Build understanding of the pharmaceuticals related key pricing mechanisms in top five countries of Europe.

- Optimize your investment through identification and understanding of the changes in the pharmaceuticals regulatory mechanism in the economies.

- Develop effective business strategies related to new drug launches through the analytical insight gained from key trends in pricing mechanism scene for the countries covered.

1.1 List of Tables
1.2 List of Figures
2 Introduction

3 Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe - Economic Overview
3.1 Healthcare Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP by Country
3.2 Health Expenditure Per Capita With Respect to GDP Per Capita
3.3 Pharmaceutical Expenditure Per Capita with Respect to GDP Per Capita
3.4 Pharmaceutical Expenditure as a Percentage of Healthcare Expenditure
3.5 Estimated Costs Paid by the Patient and Health Insurance System in the Total Reimbursed Pharmacy Market Value at Retail Prices

4 Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe – Introductory Concepts
4.1 Industry Analysis
4.1.1 PEST Analysis of European Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.2 Porters Five Forces Analysis
4.2 Role of Pharmacoeconomics in Pricing
4.3 Pricing Models
4.3.1 External Price Referencing or Internal Price Referencing
4.3.2 Internal Reference Pricing
4.3.3 Price Capping Regulations for Generic Pharmaceuticals
4.3.4 Use of Positive and Negative Formulary
4.3.5 Value-Based Pricing and Risk-Sharing Models
4.3.6 Tendering
4.3.7 VAT Rates for Outpatient Prescription Medicines
4.3.8 Regulatory Mechanisms in Top Five Countries of Europe

5 Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe - Recent Developments in Pricing of Drugs
5.1 EU Single Pricing
5.2 Parallel Trade Impact on Pricing

6 Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe – Geographical Landscape
6.1 The UK
6.1.1 Macroeconomic Factors (PEST Analysis)
6.1.2 Healthcare System in Country
6.1.3 Total Expenditure on Health as a % of GDP
6.1.4 Public Expenditure on Health, % Total Expenditure on Health
6.1.5 Drug Pricing Authority and Procedures
6.1.6 Key Trends in Pricing of Drugs and Cuts
6.1.7 Major Challenges
6.2 France
6.2.1 Macroeconomic Factors (PEST Analysis)
6.2.2 Healthcare System in Country
6.2.3 Total Expenditure on Health as a % of GDP
6.2.4 Public Expenditure on Health, Percentage of Total Expenditure on Health
6.2.5 Drug Pricing Authority and Procedures
6.2.6 Key Trends in Pricing of Drugs and Cuts
6.2.7 Major Challenges
6.3 Germany
6.3.1 Macroeconomic Factors (PEST Analysis)
6.3.2 Healthcare System in Country
6.3.3 Total Expenditure on Health as a Percentage of GDP
6.3.4 Public Expenditure on Health, Percentage Total Expenditure on Health
6.3.5 Drug Pricing Authority and Procedures
6.3.6 Key Trends in Pricing of Drugs and Cuts
6.3.7 Current Challenges and Future Developments
6.4 Spain
6.4.1 Macroeconomic Factors (PEST Analysis)
6.4.2 Healthcare System in Spain
6.4.3 Total Expenditure on Health as a Percentage of GDP
6.4.4 Public Expenditure on Health, Percentage of Total Expenditure on Health
6.4.5 Drug Pricing Authority and Procedures
6.4.6 Key Trends in Pricing of Drugs and Cuts
6.4.7 Current Challenges and Future Developments
6.5 Italy
6.5.1 Macroeconomic Factors (PEST Analysis)
6.5.2 Healthcare System in Country
6.5.3 Total Expenditure on Health as a Percentage of GDP
6.5.4 Public Expenditure on Health, Percentage of Total Expenditure on Health
6.5.5 Drug pricing authority and procedures
6.5.6 Key Trends in Pricing of Drugs and Cuts
6.5.7 Current Challenges and Future Developments

7 Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe - Appendix
7.1 Market Definitions
7.2 Abbreviations
7.3 Sources
7.4 Research Methodology
7.4.1 Macroeconomic Factors (PEST Analysis)
7.4.2 Healthcare Systems
7.4.3 Key Trends in Pricing of Drugs and Cuts
7.4.4 Current Challenges and Future Developments
7.5 Contact Us
7.6 Disclaimer

1.1 List of Tables
Table 1: Pricing and Reimbursement in Europe, Supply-Side Pharmaceutical Regulations
Table 2: Pricing and Reimbursement in Europe, Demand-Side Pharmaceutical Regulations
Table 3: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Average Time Delay Between Approval And Market Access, (Days), 2001 - 2005
Table 4: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Tax Rate, (%), 2011
Table 5: Pricing and Reimbursement in Europe, Regulatory Mechanisms in Top Five Countries of Europe
Table 6: Pricing and Reimbursement in Europe, General Price Changes (%), The UK, 2009-2013
Table 7: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, France, Types of Treatment and Reimbursement Levels, France, 2011
Table 8: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, France, Social Security Deficit, €bn and $bn, France, 2009-2011
Table 9: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, National Target for Expenditure in Public Healthcare/ONDAM, France, €bn and $bn, 2010-2011
Table 10: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, List of Innovative Drugs for Regions, AIFA, Italy, 2010

1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Health Expenditure Per Capita With Respect to GDP per capita, $PPP, 2008
Figure 2: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Pharmaceutical Expenditure Per Capita and GDP Per Capita ($PPP), 2008
Figure 3: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Pharmaceutical Expenditure Per Capita with Respect to GDP Per Capita ($PPP), 2008
Figure 4: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Pharmaceutical Expenditure as a Percentage of Healthcare Expenditure, 2007 – 2009
Figure 5: Drug Price cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Estimated Costs Paid by the Patient and Health Insurance System in the Total Reimbursed Pharmacy Market Value at Retail Prices (%), 2008
Figure 6: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, PEST Analysis, Europe, 2011
Figure 7: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Porters Five Force Model, 2011
Figure 8: Pricing and Reimbursement in Europe, ISPOR 33 Guidelines for Pharmacoeconomics Assessment
Figure 9: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Value-based pricing – Concept and Process
Figure 10: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, PEST Analysis, The UK, 2011
Figure 11: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Total Expenditure on Health as a % of GDP, The UK, (%), 2000- 2009
Figure 12: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Public Expenditure on Health, as a % of total Expenditure on Health, The UK, 2000- 2009
Figure 13: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, NHS expenditure on medicines ($bn) Vs NHS Medicines Cost per capita ($),The UK, 2000-2009
Figure 14: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, PEST Analysis, France, 2011
Figure 15: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, European Counties, The US, Japan, Total healthcare expenditure Vs out-of-pocket expenditure in European Countries, 2008
Figure 16: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Pharmaceutical Expenditure Per Capita Among the Highest in France, $PPP, 2007-2008
Figure 17: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Expenditure on Health as a Percentage of GDP, France, (%), 2000- 2009
Figure 18: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, The Public Expenditure on Health as a Percentage of Total Expenditure on Health, France, 2000- 2009
Figure 19: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, LFSS, France, 2011
Figure 20: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, PEST Analysis, Germany, 2011
Figure 21: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Germany, Healthcare expenditure, $ per inhabitant, Germany, 2008
Figure 22: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Total Expenditure on Health as Percentage of GDP, Germany, (%), 2000- 2009
Figure 23: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Public Expenditure on Health as Percentage of Total Expenditure on Health, Germany, 2000-2009
Figure 24: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Cost Containment Measures, Germany, 1980-2011
Figure 25: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Structural Reforms by AMNOG, Germany, 2011
Figure 26: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, PEST Analysis, Spain, 2011
Figure 27: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Total Expenditure on Health as a Percentage of GDP, Spain, (%), 2000-2009
Figure 28: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Public Expenditure on Health as Percentage of Total Expenditure on Health, Spain, (%), 2000- 2009
Figure 29: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, PEST Analysis, Italy, 2011
Figure 30: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Total Expenditure on Health as Percentage of GDP, Italy, (%), 2000- 2009
Figure 31: Drug Price Cuts in Top Five Countries of Europe, Public Expenditure on Health as a Percentage of Total Expenditure on Health, Italy, (%), 2000-2009

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