Country Commerce Egypt

The Economist Intelligence Unit, July 2012, Pages: 86

Egypt's political system remains in a state of flux in mid-2012, and political tensions continue to detract from robust economic policymaking. Mohammed Morsi was elected the country's first civilian president in June 2012, though his range of executive powers remains ambiguous. Islamist parties were the victors of legislative elections in November 2011, though the military disbanded the parliament seven months later.

In September 2011 the Administrative Court ordered the renationalisation of three privatised companies in the oil and manufacturing industries. Workers made redundant by the companies' management policies had submitted the cases. The court had nullified the privatisation of Omar Effendi, a department-store chain, in May 2011.

Several privatisations remain stalled because of continuing political instability. These include a possible liberalisation of the electricity sector and the planned sale of several state-owned enterprises across various industries, including banking and insurance.

Country Commerce Egypt

Regulatory/market assessment

Regulatory/market watch

Egypt's position in the global economy

Political/commercial background: Political conditions

Political/commercial background: Market conditions

Political/commercial background: Currency

Political/commercial background: State role in the economy

Political/commercial background: Foreign investment

Political/commercial background: Recent foreign direct investment

Political/commercial background: International agreements

Organising an investment: Basic investment approval

Organising an investment: Investment-approval checklist

Organising an investment: Acquisition of an existing firm

Organising an investment: Building and related permits

Organising an investment: Holding patterns

Organising an investment: Environmental law

Organising an investment: Acquisition of real estate

Organising an investment: Establishing a local company

Organising an investment: Establishing a branch

Organising an investment: Requirements of a joint-stock company

Human resources: Overview

Human resources: Labour law

Human resources: Industrial labour

Human resources: Wages and fringe benefits

Human resources: Working hours

Human resources: Part-time and temporary help

Human resources: Termination of employment

Human resources: Employment of foreigners

National incentives: General incentives

National incentives: Industry-specific incentives

National incentives: Regional incentives

National incentives: Export incentives and zones

Corporate taxes: Overview

Corporate taxes: Corporate tax rates

Corporate taxes: Taxable income defined

Corporate taxes: Depreciation

Corporate taxes: Capital taxes

Corporate taxes: Treatment of capital gains

Corporate taxes: Taxes on interest and dividends

Corporate taxes: Taxes on royalties and fees

Corporate taxes: Double-tax treaties

Corporate taxes: Intercompany charges

Corporate taxes: Turnover, sales and excise taxes

Corporate taxes: Other taxes

Personal taxes: Overview

Personal taxes: Determination of taxable income

Personal taxes: Personal tax rates

Personal taxes: Capital taxes

Competition policy: Overview

Competition policy: Monopolies and market dominance

Competition policy: Mergers

Competition policy: Freedom to sell

Competition policy: Price controls

Exchange controls: Overview

Exchange controls: Repatriation of capital

Exchange controls: Profit remittances

Exchange controls: Loan inflows and repayment

Exchange controls: Remittance of royalties and fees

Exchange controls: Restrictions on trade-related payments

Trade policy: Overview

Trade policy: Tariffs and import taxes

Trade policy: Import restrictions

Trade policy: Taxes on exports

Trade policy: Free ports, zones

Trade policy: Export restrictions

Trade policy: Export insurance and credit

Intellectual property and e-commerce: IPR overview

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Protection of intellectual property

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Intellectual-property law
Patents
Industrial designs and models
Trademarks
Copyrights

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Registering property

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Recent licensing agreements

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Negotiating a licence

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Administrative restrictions

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Forms of e-commerce

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Growth of e-commerce

Intellectual property and e-commerce: E-government trends

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Consumer protection

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Contract law and dispute resolution

Intellectual property and e-commerce: Basis of taxation

Key contacts

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