Country Commerce Panama
The Economist Intelligence Unit, November 2012, Pages: 56
The General Accounting Office of the Republic (Contraloría General de la República) reported that inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2011 increased to US$2.79bn, compared with US$2.35bn in 2010. FDI inflows totalled US$618.2m in the first half of 2012, compared with US$730.3m the same period in 2011.
Panama issued Law 8 in February 2011, replacing the 1963 mining code. Following an outbreak of protests, led by members of the Ngöbe-Buglé indigenous group, the government quickly repealed the legislation the following month. In April 2012 the president signed into legislation Law 13, re-establishing the original mining code.
The government in March 2012 enacted Law 11, granting protection for indigenous groups. Law 11 prohibits mining in indigenous lands and requires the prior consultation of indigenous authorities for hydroelectric projects. Indigenous groups have argued that Law 11 is limited in its scope in that it does not ban hydroelectric projects in their territory.
Country Commerce Panama
Regulatory/market assessment
Regulatory/market watch
Panama's position in the global economy
Political/commercial background: Political conditions
Political/commercial background: Market conditions
Political/commercial background: Currency
Political/commercial background: State role in the economy
Political/commercial background: Major state-owned enterprises
Political/commercial background: Foreign investment
Political/commercial background: Recent foreign direct investment
Political/commercial background: International agreements
Organising an investment: Basic investment approval
Organising an investment: Investment-approval checklist
Organising an investment: Acquisition of an existing firm
Organising an investment: Building and related permits
Organising an investment: Holding patterns
Organising an investment: Environmental law
Organising an investment: Acquisition of real estate
Organising an investment: Establishing a local company
Organising an investment: Establishing a branch
Organising an investment: Requirements of a corporation--sociedad anonima (
Human resources: Overview
Human resources: Labour law
Human resources: Industrial labour
Human resources: Wages and fringe benefits
Human resources: Working hours
Human resources: Part-time and temporary help
Human resources: Termination of employment
Human resources: Employment of foreigners
National incentives: General incentives
National incentives: Industry-specific incentives
National incentives: Regional incentives
National incentives: Export incentives and zones
Corporate taxes: Overview
Corporate taxes: Corporate tax rates
Corporate taxes: Taxable income defined
Corporate taxes: Depreciation
Corporate taxes: Capital taxes
Corporate taxes: Treatment of capital gains
Corporate taxes: Taxes on interest and dividends
Corporate taxes: Taxes on royalties and fees
Corporate taxes: Double-tax treaties
Corporate taxes: Intercompany charges
Corporate taxes: Turnover, sales and excise taxes
Corporate taxes: Other taxes
Personal taxes: Overview
Personal taxes: Determination of taxable income
Personal taxes: Personal tax rates
Personal taxes: Capital taxes
Competition policy: Overview
Competition policy: Monopolies and market dominance
Competition policy: Mergers
Competition policy: Freedom to sell
Competition policy: Price controls
Exchange controls: Overview
Exchange controls: Repatriation of capital
Exchange controls: Profit remittances
Exchange controls: Loan inflows and repayment
Exchange controls: Remittance of royalties and fees
Exchange controls: Restrictions on trade-related payments
Trade policy: Overview
Trade policy: Tariffs and import taxes
Trade policy: Import restrictions
Trade policy: Taxes on exports
Trade policy: Free ports, zones
Trade policy: Export restrictions
Trade policy: Export insurance and credit
Intellectual property and e-commerce: IPR overview
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Protection of intellectual property
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Intellectual-property law
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Registering property
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Recent licensing agreements
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Negotiating a licence
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Administrative restrictions
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Forms of e-commerce
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Growth of e-commerce
Intellectual property and e-commerce: E-government trends
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Consumer protection
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Contract law and dispute resolution
Intellectual property and e-commerce: Basis of taxation
Key contacts
Central American region
Panama
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