A New Architecture for EU Gas Security of Supply
Claeys & Casteels Publishing, July 2012, Pages: 250
Is the EU on the right track to meet its stated objective - a true European energy security policy? Is the current architecture on which the EU gas security of supply policy is built able to deliver those responses needed in order to meet the growing risks and changing realities UE gas security faces? How should European institutions and regulation adapt and respond? What tools are available to secure gas supply? This books feeds these questions by taking stock of today's EU gas security of supply governance. It is based on the four-tier program ‘A New EU Gas Security of Supply Architecture' organized by the Loyola de Palacio Chair (LdP) together with the Clingendael International Energy Programme (CIEP), the Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei (FEEM) and Wilton Park Conferences (WPC) that took place in 2011/2012.
Key Topics Covered Include:
- EU gas market design
- EU infrastructure policy
- External energy relations
- Solidarity
CHAPTER I EU EXTERNAL RELATIONS AND ITS RELATION TO GAS INFRASTRUCTURE
Manfred Hafner, Simone Tagliapietra, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM)
1. Security of supply and security of demand: two sides of the same coin
2. European natural gas demand
2.1 SECURE scenarios
2.2 IEA scenarios
2.3 DG Climate: 2050 low carbon economy roadmap
2.4 DG Energy: Energy Roadmap 2050
2.5 Natural gas: “Fuel of choice” or “fuel of consequence”?
3. The role of Norway
4. The role of Russia
5. The role of MENA countries
5.1 Algeria
5.2 Libya
5.3 Egypt
5.4 Qatar
5.5 Iran
5.6 A region largely under-explored
5.7 A great solar energy potential
6. The role of the Caspian Basin
7. External dimension of the EU energy policy
8. Conclusions and recommendations
CHAPTER II BRINGING GAS TO AND THROUGH EU MARKETS
Jacques de Jong, Clingendael International Energy Programme (CIEP)
1. Global gas supplies to EU gas markets
1.1. Setting the supply scene
1.1.1. The US market
1.1.2. The Asian market
1.1.3. The MENA region
1.1.4. Russia
1.2. The South Stream
1.2.1. The project
1.2.2. South Stream and the EU internal market
1.2.3. The Ukrainian issue
1.3. Supply routes from the North
1.4. Shale gas
1.5. Supply routes and EU market needs
1.5.1. Introduction
1.5.2. Changing market conditions?
1.5.3. Some reflections on the EU's external gas supply relations
1.5.4. The EU external/internal energy policy balance
1.6. A final reflection on global gas supplies
2. The Challenges for EU infrastructures
2.1. Gas infrastructures
2.2. The role of gas storage
2.3. Specific considerations
2.3.1. Financing new infrastructure
2.3.2. Market designs and capacity markets
2.3.3. Risks associated with energy policy and energy regulation
2.4. A final reflection on the challenges
3. The regulatory challenge
3.1. Regulating gas
3.1.1. Regulating the infrastructures
3.1.2. Regulating the market
3.2. The Gas Target Model
3.2.1. The GTM process
3.2.2. The CIEP-model
3.2.3. Wholesale markets and their characteristics
3.2.4. Merging and/or connecting zones or markets
3.2.5. Price alignment and liquidity
3.2.6. Cross-border capacity, congestion, allocation and markets
3.2.7. Regional differences and regional markets
3.2.8. The external supplier perspective
3.2.9. The way forward with GTM
4. Conclusions and recommendations
CHAPTER III THE BUILDING OF ENERGY SOLIDARITY IN THE EU
Jean-Michel Glachant, Nicole Ahner, Loyola de Palacio Chair, European University Institute
1. Introduction
2. The concept of solidarity in the EU energy policy context
2.1. Solidarity – ex ante and on the spot
2.2. Actors and contributions
2.2.1. European Union
2.2.2. Member States
2.2.3. National Regulatory Authorities
2.2.4. Transmission System Operators
2.3. Infrastructure investment as basis for solidarity
3. Experiences: two case studies
3.1. The January 2009 gas crisis in central Eastern and South-East Europe
3.2. The Belgian case – 2009 gas crisis in a transit country
4. Solidarity tools
4.1. Solidarity in the law
4.2. Investments needs
4.3. The Infrastructure Package
4.3.1 Projects of Common Interest (PCI)
4.3.2. System wide cost benefit analysis
4.4. Solidarity in practice: BEMIP and the Energy Community Gas Ring
5. Outlook and conclusion
PART IV RECOMMENDATIONS
JEAN-MICHEL GLACHANT
Holder of the Loyola de Palacio Chair; Director of the Florence School of Regulation, European University Institute, Florence
MANFRED HAFNER
Fellow, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM); President for Europe, MENA, Russia and CIS at International Energy Consultants (IEC); Professor for energy economics, markets and geopolicy at the John Hopkins University (SAIS) in Bologna and the Paris School of International Relations (Sciences-Po)
JACQUES DE JONG
Senior Fellow, Clingendael International Energy Programme (CIEP) The Hague, Netherlands
NICOLE AHNER
Scientific Coordinator of the Loyola de Palacio Chair; Research Assistant at the Florence School of Regulation, European University Institute, Florence
SIMONE TAGLIAPIETRA
Junior researcher, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
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