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Structure for Architects. A Primer. Edition No. 1

  • Book

  • 272 Pages
  • April 2012
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 2209454

An introduction to the concepts and principles of architectural structures in an easy-to-read format

Written as an easy-to-understand primer on the topic, Structure for Architects engages readers through instruction that uses a highly visual format and real-world examples to underline the key facets of structural principles that are essential to the design process. Eschewing complicated mathematics and technical jargon, Structure for Architects demystifies the subject matter by showing it in the context of everyday situations, giving architects and architectural technologists a clear understanding of how to incorporate structural principles into their designs.

Highlights of this book include:

  • A rich collection of drawings, photographs, and diagrams, spread throughout the text, which demonstrate fundamental structural concepts using everyday examples

  • An overview of structural design basics, as well as a summary of structural forms

  • A look at the design implications of steel, reinforced concrete, and wood

By providing an overall view of structures that covers the essentials of what architects and architectural technologists need to know, Structure for Architects is a valuable tool for illustrating the importance of designing with structure in mind and for learning the basics that are necessary for collaborating confidently with project team members.

Table of Contents

PREFACE IX

CHAPTER 1 Architects, Engineers, and Design 1

CHAPTER 2 Stability and Strength 5

CHAPTER 3 Loads 7

3.1 Gravity Loads 7

3.2 Lateral Loads 7

3.3 Dynamic Loads 10

3.4 Impact Loads 12

3.5 Load Paths 12

CHAPTER 4 States of Stress 17

4.1 Tension 17

4.2 Compression 17

4.3 Shear 18

4.4 Torsion 19

4.5 Bending 19

CHAPTER 5 Forces, Movement, Levers, and Moment 23

5.1 Applied and Reactive Forces 23

5.2 Translational Movement 23

5.3 Rotational Movement 24

5.4 Levers 24

5.5 Moment 25

CHAPTER 6 Stability and Equilibrium 27

6.1 Introduction 27

6.2 Translational Equilibrium 27

6.3 Rotational Equilibrium 28

6.4 Sign Conventions 29

6.5 The Equilibrium Equations 29

6.6 Free-Body Diagrams and Familiar Examples of Equilibrium 30

6.7 Introduction to Bending in Beams 39

CHAPTER 7 Working with Forces 41

7.1 Forces, Vectors, and Lines of Action 41

7.2 Combining and Resolving Concurrent Forces 44

7.3 Familiar Examples of Concurrent Forces 49

CHAPTER 8 Supports, Reactions, and Restraint of Movement 55

8.1 Roller and Frictionless-Surface Supports 55

8.2 Pinned Supports 56

8.3 Fixed Supports 58

8.4 Hanger Supports 60

8.5 Familiar Examples of Support Conditions 61

8.6 Stable or Unstable? 74

CHAPTER 9 Load Distribution 79

9.1 Point Loads 79

9.2 Distributed Loads 80

9.3 Equivalent Point Loads 81

9.4 Uniformly Distributed Loads 82

9.5 Non-Uniformly Distributed Loads 85

CHAPTER 10 Introduction to Beams 87

10.1 Beam Types 87

10.2 Predicting Deformation, Deflection, and Beam Behavior 88

10.3 Statically Determinate and Statically Indeterminate Beams 90

10.4 Other Considerations for Beams 94

CHAPTER 11 Framing Systems and Load Tributary Areas 99

11.1 One-Way Systems 99

11.2 Two-Way Slab and Beam Systems 103

11.3 Two-Way Slab/Two-Way Joist Systems 106

CHAPTER 12 Shear and Moment Diagrams for Beams 109

12.1 Sign Conventions 109

12.2 Typical Shear and Moment Diagrams 110

12.3 Creating Shear and Moment Diagrams 114

12.4 Comparing V and M for Uniformly Distributed Versus Concentrated Loading 120

12.5 Summary of Deformation, Shear, and Moment Relationships 123

CHAPTER 13 Stress, Strain, and Properties of Materials 125

13.1 Stress 125

13.2 Strain 126

13.3 Stress versus Strain 127

13.4 Properties of Materials 129

13.5 Stress Distribution Diagrams 130

CHAPTER 14 Introduction to Columns 131

14.1 Columns, Compression, and Bending 131

14.2 Column Loading 131

14.3 Column Compression 134

14.4 Column Bending 135

14.5 Leonhard Euler and Column Buckling 139

CHAPTER 15 Frames, Rigidity, and Lateral Resistance Systems 141

15.1 Triangular Frames 141

15.2 Rectangular Frames 141

15.3 Making Rectangular Frames Rigid 142

15.4 Lateral Resistance Systems 145

CHAPTER 16 Introduction to Trusses 151

16.1 Introduction 151

16.2 Trusses as Beams 152

16.3 Types of Trusses 154

16.4 Design Considerations 155

16.5 Truss Joints 157

16.6 Truss Loading 158

16.7 Truss Analysis 159

CHAPTER 17 Structural Walls 171

17.1 Loads and Deformational Stresses 172

17.2 Stresses and Wall Construction 173

17.3 Retaining Walls 175

CHAPTER 18 Soils and Rock 183

18.1 The Earth’s Interior 183

18.2 The Earth’s Crust 183

18.3 Natural Soils 186

18.4 Groundwater 186

18.5 Engineered Fill 187

18.6 Foundation Settlement 187

18.7 Soil-Bearing Capacity and Subsurface Conditions 187

CHAPTER 19 Foundations 189

19.1 Shallow Foundations 189

19.2 Deep Foundations 197

CHAPTER 20 Summing Up 199

APPENDIX 1 Structural Forms 201

APPENDIX 2 Structural Materials - Steel 211

A2.1 Composition and Manufacture 211

A2.2 Characteristics and Properties 211

A2.3 The American Institute of Steel Construction 212

A2.4 Grades of Structural Steel 212

A2.5 Shapes and Forms 212

A2.6 Joining Steel 214

A2.7 Decking 223

A2.8 The Design/Fabrication/Erection Process 224

A2.9 Related Terms 224

APPENDIX 3 Structural Materials - Reinforced Concrete 229

A3.1 Composition and Manufacture 229

A3.2 Curing 230

A3.3 Characteristics and Properties 231

A3.4 Related Terms 231

APPENDIX 4 Structural Materials - Wood 233

A4.1 Source and Manufacture 233

A4.2 Products 234

A4.3 Characteristics and Properties 236

A4.4 Structural Considerations 236

A4.5 Related Terms 237

APPENDIX 5 Properties of Sections 239

A5.1 Center of Gravity and Centroids 239

A5.2 Moment of Inertia 242

A5.3 Section Modulus 247

A5.4 Radius of Gyration 250

APPENDIX 6 Basic Trigonometry 257

A6.1 Basic Trigonometric Functions of a Right Triangle 257

A6.2 Basic Trigonometric Values of Frequently Used Angles 257

A6.3 Proportions of Special Right Triangles 258

A6.4 The Pythagorean Theorem 258

INDEX 259

Authors

Ramsey Dabby Ashwani Bedi