Weeds affect everyone in the world by reducing crop yield and crop quality, delaying or interfering with harvesting, interfering with animal feeding (including poisoning), reducing animal health, preventing water flow, as plant parasites, etc. Weeds are common everywhere and cause many $ billions worth of crop losses annually, with the global cost of controlling weeds running into $ billions.
The anatomy of plants is generally well understood, but the examples used for explanations in most books are often restricted to non-weed species. Weeds have many features that make them more competitive, for example enabling them to more quickly recover after herbicide treatment. Some of these adaptations include rhizomes, adapted roots, tubers and other special structures. Until now,
no single book has concentrated on weeds’ anatomical features. A comprehensive understanding of these features is, however, often imperative to the successful implementation of many weed control measures.
Beautifully and comprehensively illustrated, in full colour throughout, Weed Anatomy provides a comprehensive insight into the anatomy of the globally-important weeds of commercial significance. Commencing with a general overview of anatomy, the major part of the book then includes sections covering monocotyledons, dicotyledons, brackens and horsetails, with special reference to their anatomy. Ecological and evolutionary aspects of weeds are also covered and a number of less common weeds such as Adonis vernalis, Caucalis platycarpos and Scandix pecten-veneris are also included.
The authors of this book, who have between them many years of experience studying weeds, have put together a true landmark publication, providing a huge wealth of commercially-important information. Weed scientists, plant anatomists and agricultural scientists, including personnel within the agrochemical and crop protection industry, will find a great deal of useful information within
the book’s covers. All libraries in universities and research establishments where agricultural and biological sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this exceptional book on their shelves.
Table of Contents
Section I Cells and Tissues 1
Introduction 3
Chapter 1 Tissues 5
Chapter 2 Parenchyma 8
Chapter 3 Collenchyma 10
Chapter 4 Sclerenchyma, a Typical Contributor to Weediness 12
Section II Meristematic, Secretory, Storage and Boundary Structures 17
Chapter 5 Meristems 19
Chapter 6 Secretory Structures 24
Chapter 7 External Secretory Structures 26
Chapter 8 Internal Secretory Structures 30
Chapter 9 Stored Compounds 35
Chapter 10 Epidermis 37
Chapter 11 Stomata 40
Chapter 12 Non-glandular Trichomes and Papillae 42
Section III Vascular Elements and Pith 47
Chapter 13 Vascular Bundles 49
Chapter 14 Xylem 52
Chapter 15 Pits 58
Chapter 16 Phloem 60
Chapter 17 Pith 64
Section IV Stem, Root and Growth 67
Chapter 18 Stem 69
Chapter 19 Dicot Stem – Cortex 71
Chapter 20 Dicot Stem – Patterns of Vascular Tissues 74
Chapter 21 Vascular Bundles and Leaf Traces in Dicots 78
Chapter 22 Monocot Stem 82
Chapter 23 Horsetail and Bracken Stem 88
Chapter 24 Root Morphology 92
Chapter 25 Root Histology 97
Chapter 26 Root Tip 99
Chapter 27 Xylem Patterns 102
Chapter 28 Endodermis and Pericycle 109
Chapter 29 Rhizodermis, Exodermis and Cortex 114
Chapter 30 Root Genetics 116
Chapter 31 Primary and Secondary Growth 117
Chapter 32 Anomalous Secondary Growth 126
Section V Complex Tissues and Organs 129
Chapter 33 Leaf 131
Chapter 34 Flower 142
Chapter 35 Androecium 154
Chapter 36 Gynoecium 159
Chapter 37 Genetics of Flower Formation 169
Chapter 38 Fruit 170
Chapter 39 Carpels, Pericarp and Various Fruit Forms 173
Chapter 40 Genetics of Fruit Development 184
Chapter 41 Seed 185
Chapter 42 Genetics of Seed Development 190
Chapter 43 Secondary Reproduction Characteristics 191
Chapter 44 Flower Modifications in Weeds 192
Chapter 45 Seedling and Embryo 196
Section VI Vegetative Propagation 203
Chapter 46 Vegetative Weed Reproduction 205
Chapter 47 Rhizomes 206
Chapter 48 Tubers and Corms 211
Chapter 49 Stolons and Runners 217
Chapter 50 Roots with Adventitious Buds 219
Chapter 51 Bulbs 222
Section VII Weediness 225
Chapter 52 Indicators of Weediness 227
Section VIII Short Monographs 233
Chapter 53 Introduction to Monographs 235
Chapter 54 Weed Anatomy Monographs 237
Monograph 1: Abutilon theophrasti Medicus 237
Monograph 2: Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and Alopecurus japonicus Steudel 241
Monograph 3: Amaranthus retrofl exus L. and Amarantus palmeri S. Wats. 248
Monograph 4: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 259
Monograph 5: Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. 266
Monograph 6: Avena fatua L. and Avena sterilis L. 268
Monograph 7: Bidens pilosa L. and Bidens tripartita L. 272
Monograph 8: Bromus secalinus L., Bromus sterilis L. and Bromus tectorum L. 276
Monograph 9: Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. and Convolvulus arvensis L. 279
Monograph 10: Chenopodium album L. 282
Monograph 11: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 293
Monograph 12: Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. and Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. 298
Monograph 13: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 304
Monograph 14: Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperus iria L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Cyperus serotinus Rottb. 311
Monograph 15: Digitaria sanguinalis L. 325
Monograph 16: Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. 333
Monograph 17: Eleusine indica (L.) Link 342
Monograph 18: Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski 348
Monograph 19: Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Löve, Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene, Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decraene and Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub 357
Monograph 20: Galium aparine L. 370
Monograph 21: Impatiens glandulifera Royle 375
Monograph 22: Lolium multifl orum Lam., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium rigidum Gaudin 386
Monograph 23: Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill and Myosotis palustris (L.) Nath. 394
Monograph 24: Paspalum dilatatum Poir. 400
Monograph 25: Phalaris minor Retz. and Phalaris paradoxa L. 410
Monograph 26: Poa annua L. 416
Monograph 27: Polygonum amphibium L., Polygonum aviculare L. and Polygonum lapathifolium L. 422
Monograph 28: Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton 429
Monograph 29: Setaria faberi Herrm., Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. and Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. 434
Monograph 30: Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 441
Monograph 31: Urochloa platyphylla (Munroe ex C. Wright) R. D. Webster 450
Monograph 32: Xanthium strumarium L. and Xanthium spinosum L. 454
Section IX Methods for the Preparation of Sections 463
Chapter 55 Tissue Preparation and Staining Procedures 465
References 472
Index 482
Samples
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