Land Mobile Radio and Public Safety Communications: Standards, Applications, Markets and Technologies 2013
PracTel Inc, March 2013, Pages: 261
The goal of this report is to update LMR-related reports published by Practel in 2010-2011. The report is written for a wide audience of technical, managerial and sales staff of companies involved in the design, manufacturing and utilization of Land Mobile Radio; with the emphasis on Public Safety Communications (PSC) applications.
Particular, this report includes:
1. The updated analysis of the phased development of P25 radio. The current status of the technology, markets and standards and survey of vendors are presented. Though the standardization process started almost twenty years ago, commercialization is still slow; and the market development is unsatisfactory. This situation is addressed by all parties involved in the PSC development in the U.S.
2. The updated analysis of the phased development of TETRA radio. This technology found more geographically spread market segments than P25 (and we are at the beginning of TETRA penetration into the U.S. territory). Its Release II offers a combination of voice and data transmission that brings sufficient benefits to the users; but the growth of markets still does not satisfy the TETRA community.
3. The updated analysis of narrow-banding LMR radios, including NXDN and MOTOTRBO. The NXDN radio development is a result of joint efforts of two companies, Icom and Kenwood and it is based on the FDMA technology. The companies developed two lines of products, IDAS (Icom) and NEXEDGE (Kenwood); these radios were implemented with many advanced technological features, including 6.25 kHz channels. At the same time, Motorola introduced its MOTOTRBO line of digital LMRs, which also utilized newer technologies and is based on the TDMA technology.
4. The analysis of the 4.9 GHz radio technology for broadband PSC. The FCC allocated the 4940-4990 MHz spectrum for broadband PSC. The technology can utilize the existing Wi-Fi ICs, and it supports long-reach communications with speeds 50 Mb/s and up. It utilizes a) OFDM, b) Multi-radio platforms, and c) Self-healing and self-organized mesh topology. One of the major 4.9 GHz radio applications for PSC is temporary fast-deployable networks.
5. The update on the role of LTE technologies in the development of Public Safety Communications. 4G LTE is increasingly recognized as the right wireless technology to evolve and standardize public safety communications. In January 2011, the Federal Communications Commission in the United States selected LTE as the data standard for a nationwide public safety network. LTE’s ability to enable nationwide interoperability was a key factor in the FCC decision. The First Responder Network Authority board voted unanimously (2013) to start a process that could enable seven public-safety jurisdictions to resume LTE network deployments they were forced to halt in the spring of 2012.
6. Altogether, the following major trends in the development of PSC were identified:
a) Advancing P25 and TETRA technologies, including various interoperability methods;
b) Further developing of SDR – based platforms and broadband PSC;
c) Gradual introduction of the LTE technology;
d) In the analyzed time period, standardized narrowband LMR technologies (P25, TETRA, NXDN and other) will support the growing markets;
e) 4G technologies (such as LTE) are introducing PSC features gradually; and expect to present serious competition (to P25 and TETRA) in the 2018-2020 time frame. It is very possible that at that time the transition of these “traditional” networks to the 4G infrastructure will be in progress.
Target Audience
This report is important for organizations using LMR. They need to understand the market dynamics and to be familiar with vendors’ portfolios to make a right choice in selection of equipment.
For LMR vendors, this report provides valuable information on competition. It also supports these vendors with the market assessments.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Current Situation
1.2 Requirements to Public Safety Radio
1.3 Scope and Goals
1.4 Research Methodology
1.5 Target Audience
2.0 PSC Spectrum
2.1 U.S.
2.1.1 FCC
2.1.2 800 MHz Band
2.1.3 700 MHz Band
2.2 EU
3.0 Project P25
3.1 Standardization Process and Technologies
3.1.1 General: P25 Standard
3.1.2 Process
3.1.3 Beginning
3.1.4 Project 25/TIA 102: Scope
3.1.4.1 Efforts
3.1.4.2 Phased Approach
3.1.4.2.1 Phases
3.1.4.2.2 Phase I
3.1.4.2.3 Phase II
3.1.5 Status
3.1.6 CAP
4.0 P25 Development-Phase I
4.1 General Mission and Objectives
4.1.2 Compliance
4.1.3 Benefits and Issues
4.2 Technical Highlights- Interfaces
4.2.1 Common Air Interface
4.2.2 Fixed Station Interface
4.2.3 Console Sub-system Interface (CSSI)
4.2.4 RF Sub-system
4.2.5 Inter-system Interface (ISSI)
4.2.5.1 ISSI Technology
4.2.6 Telephone Interconnect Interface
4.2.7 Network Management Interface
4.2.8 Host and Network Data Interfaces
4.2.9 Summary: Interfaces
4.3 Security
4.4 Coding
4.5 Frequency Bands
4.5.1 Spectrum: Problems
4.5.2 700 MHz Band
4.6 P25 Voice Messaging
4.7 Major Improvements
4.8 Services
4.9 Network Scenario
4.10 Summary
5.0 P25 Phase II
5.1 Transition
5.2 Scope
5.2.1 Air Interface – Phase II
5.2.2 Attributes
5.2.3 Data Services Standards
5.2.4 Enhancements
5.3 Time
6.0 P25 Radio Market Analysis
6.1 General
6.2 Geography
6.3 Market Drivers
6.4 Market Forecast
6.4.1 Developments
6.4.2 Model Assumptions
6.4.3 Addressable Market Estimate
7.0 P25 Industry
Avtec
Catalyst
Cassidian Communications
Daniels (acquired by Coden in 2012)
Datron
Digital Voice System
EF Johnson (Acquired by FP-EF Holding in 2010)
Etherstack
Harris
Kenwood
Midland
Motorola Solutions
Northern Airborne
Objective Interface Systems
PowerTrunk
Pyramid Communications
Relm
Raytheon JPS
Simoco
Technisonic Industries
Thales
Tait Electronics
Teltronic
Vertex Standard
Westel
Wireless Pacific
8.0 TETRA
8.1 General
8.1.1 Major Milestones
8.2 TETRA: Scope-Release I
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Spectrum Regulations
8.2.3 TETRA and GSM
8.2.4 Main Features
8.2.4.1 General
8.2.4.2 Technical Details
8.2.4.3 Services
8.2.5 Benefits
8.2.6 Networking
8.2.7 Release I Details
8.2.7.1 General
8.2.7.2 Interfaces
8.2.7.3 Infrastructure
8.2.7.4 Spectrum Allocation
8.2.7.5 Mobiles
8.3 P25 and TETRA
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Characteristics
8.3.3 Modifications
8.3.4 TETRA in North America
8.3.4.1 FCC Position
8.4 Security
8.5 Summary
8.6 TETRA Release II
8.6.1 Drivers
8.6.1.1 Rational
8.6.2 Applications
8.6.3 Trunked Mode Operation (TMO) Range Extension
8.6.4 Adaptive Multiple Rate (AMR) Voice Codec
8.6.5 Mixed Excitation Liner Predictive, Enhanced (MELPe) Voice Codec
8.6.6 Data Services Development
8.6.6.1 TAPS
8.6.6.2 TEDS
8.6.7 Comparison
8.6.8 Standardization Status
8.7 Market Analysis
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 Certification
8.7.3 Geography
8.7.4 Market Drivers-Industries-Applications
8.7.5 Market Forecast
8.7.5.1 Model Assumptions
8.7.5.2 Market Estimate
8.7.6 Vendors
3T Communications (acquired by Sepura in 2012)
Artevea
Cassidian
ClearTone
DAMM Cellular
EtherStack
Groupco
Hytera
Motorola (Motorola Solutions)
Niros
Pegasus Network
Portalify
Rohill
Sepura
Selex ES
Teltronic
Team Simoco
Thales
9.0 NXDN and MOTOTRBO
9.1 FCC Requirements
9.2 NXDN Forum
9.2.1 Specifications
9.2.2 Overview
9.3 Origin and Technologies
9.3.1 NEXEDGE and IDAS
9.3.2 Initiatives
9.4 Major Differences
9.5 Spectrum
9.6 NXDN and dPMR
9.7 Updates
9.8 NEXEDGE
9.8.1 The Company
9.8.2 NEXEDGE Major Features
9.8.3 Technology
9.8.3.1 Air Interface
9.8.3.2 Operation Modes
9.8.3.2.1 Digital Conventional Mode
9.8.3.2.2 Digital Trunked Mode
9.8.3.2.3 Digital Trunked Wide Area IP Networks
9.8.4 Benefits
9.8.5 Licensing
9.8.6 Products
9.9 IDAS
9.9.1 Background
9.9.2 Technology
9.9.2.1 General
9.9.2.2 Major Features
9.9.2.3 Major Benefits
9.9.2.4 Products
9.9.3 Future Enhancements
9.10 Industry
Aeroflex
CML Microcircuits
Digital Voice Systems, Inc
Ritron
Twisted Pair
Zetron
9.11 NXDN Market Perspective and Applications
9.11.1 Applications
9.11.1.1 General
9.11.1.2 RR Applications
9.11.1.3 Plans
9.11.2 Market
9.12 MotoTRBO
9.12.1 General
9.12.2 Major Features
9.12.2.1 Abilities
9.12.2.2 Progress
9.12.3 Basis-TDMA Potentials
9.12.4 Sales
9.12.5 Products
9.12.6 MOTOTRBO Services
9.12.7 Availability
9.12.8 Applications
10.0 Public Safety – 4.9 GHz Radio for Broadband
10.1 General
10.2 Spectrum Allocation
10.3 4.9 GHz Public Safety Radio Applications
10.4 FCC Process
10.5 International
10.6 Eligibility
10.7 Conditions
10.8 Frequencies Allocations
10.8.1 Public Safety Bands
10.9 Users
10.10 Benefits of the 4.9 GHz Band
10.11 4.9 GHz Radio Standards and Related Technologies
10.11.1 Details
10.11.2 Mesh Networks
10.11.2.1 Specifics
10.11.2.2 IEEE 802.11s
10.11.2.2.1 Approval
10.11.3 OFDM
10.11.4 Multi-radio Platforms
10.11.5 WiMax
10.12 4.9 GHz Radio Market
10.12.1 General
10.12.2 Forecast
10.13 4.9 GHz Radio Industry
Airaya
Alvarion
Aperto
Azuretec
Belair (acquired by Ericsson in 2012)
Carlson Wireless
Cisco
Exalt
Firetide
Fluidmesh Networks
Hautespot Networks
MeshDynamics
Motorola Solutions
Proxim Wireless
Redline
RadWin
SkyPilot - Trilliant
Solectek
Strix
Teletronics
Trango Systems
Tranzeo
Tropos (acquired by ABB in 2012)
11.0 PSC and LTE
11.1 FirstNet
11.2 Progress
11.2.1 U.S.
11.2.2 Europe
11.3 Major Benefits
11.4 Industry and Service Providers
AT&T
CalAmp
Cassidian
Harris
Motorola Solutions
NIST
Verizon Wireless
11.5 Timeline
11.6 Standardization
12.0 Conclusions
Attachment I: P25 Service Availability Matrix
Attachment II: P25 Standards
Attachment III: Countries with P25-Compliant Radio
Attachment IV: FCC Ruling- 4.9 MHz Radio
Attachment V: TETRA Networks
Attachment VI: TETRA Standards
List of Figures
Figure 1: FCC PSC Spectrum Allocation
Figure 2: 800 MHz Reconfiguration Plan
Figure 3: 700 MHz Band
Figure 4: APCO Project 25 Interface Committee
Figure 5: Generic-P25 System Structure
Figure 6: P25 System – Major Interfaces
Figure 7: ISSI-P25 System-to-System
Figure 8: ISSI-Roaming
Figure 9: State and Local PSC Spectrum
Figure 10: Revised Frequency Plan
Figure 11: Revised Spectrum (Upper 700 MHz sub-band)
Figure 12: 700 MHz Auction
Figure 13: Example-Network Scenario
Figure 14: Phase II Modulation
Figure 15: Family
Figure 16: CAI Details
Figure 17: Capacity
Figure 18: Vocoders
Figure 19: TAM: PSC P25 Equipment Sales (U.S. and Canada, $B)
Figure 20: P25 Radio Major Applications
Figure 21: TETRA Association Structure
Figure 22: TETRA Release I
Figure 23: TETRA Interworking Illustration
Figure 24: TETRA Interoperability Interfaces
Figure 25: Network Scenarios
Figure 26: TETRA Release I Interfaces
Figure 27: TETRA: Spectrum Allocation
Figure 28: Phased Approach – TETRA and P25
Figure 29: TETRA RII Application Developments
Figure 30: Directions
Figure 31: TAPS
Figure 32: TEDS RF Channel Characteristics
Figure 33: Spectral Efficiency
Figure 34: Rates and Range
Figure 35: TETRA TEDS Characteristics
Figure 36: Illustration of TETRA Market Geography (2012)
Figure 37: TETRA Segmentation by Industries (2012)
Figure 38: TAM: TETRA Equipment Global Sales ($B)
Figure 39: TAM: TETRA BS & Associated Equipment Global Sales ($B)
Figure 40: TAM: TETRA BS & Associated Equipment Global Sales (Unit 000)
Figure 41: Vendors Segmentation
Figure 42: FCC Timeline
Figure 43: Adopted Frequency Band Plan (UHF)
Figure 44: Adopted Frequency Band Plan (VHF)
Figure 45: TAM: U.S. NXDN Equipment Sales ($B)
Figure 46: Mesh Network Diagram
Figure 47: TAM: U.S. Mobile and Hand-held 4.9 GHz Radio Sales ($B)
Figure 48: 4.9 GHz Network Infrastructure Dynamics
Figure 49: D-Band Illustration
Figure 50: Converged Network
List of Tables
Table 1: P25 Advantages and Issues
Table 2: CAI Characteristics
Table 3: PSR Bands
Table 4: P25 Services
Table 5: Phase II Documentation
Table 6: Structure of Purchasing
Table 7: TETRA Established
Table 8: TETRA Release I-Major Characteristics
Table 9: TETRA Needs
Table 10: Applications (Release II)
Table 11: Evolution of TETRA Applications
Table 12: IDAS Products
Table 13: Emergency Services
Table 14: Requirements
Table 15: Power Limits
Table 16: Frequencies Allocations: 4.9 GHz Band
- AT&T
- Airaya
- Alvarion
- Aperto
- Artevea
- Avtec
- Azuretec
- Belair
- CalAmp
- Carlson Wireless
- Cassidian Communications
- Catalyst
- Cisco
- ClearTone
- DAMM Cellular
- Daniels
- Datron
- Digital Voice System
- EF Johnson
- EtherStack
- Exalt
- Firetide
- Fluidmesh Networks
- Groupco
- Harris
- Hautespot Networks
- Hytera
- Kenwood
- MeshDynamics
- Midland
- Motorola Solutions
- NIST
- Niros
- Northern Airborne
- Objective Interface Systems
- Pegasus Network
- Portalify
- PowerTrunk
- Proxim Wireless
- Pyramid Communications
- RadWin
- Raytheon JPS
- Redline
- Relm
- Rohill
- Selex ES
- Sepura
- Simoco
- SkyPilot - Trilliant
- Solectek
- Strix
- Tait Electronics
- Team Simoco
- Technisonic Industries
- Teletronics
- Teltronic
- Thales
- Trango Systems
- Tranzeo
- Tropos
- Verizon Wireless
- Vertex Standard
- Westel
- Wireless Pacific
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