Research and Markets


Printer Friendly

Printed from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/28403


Asthma Therapeutics: New Treatment Options and Emerging Drug Discovery Targets


Description: From 1980 to 1996, the number of Americans afflicted with asthma more than doubled to almost 15 million, with children under five years old experiencing the highest rate of increase. The steady rise in the prevalence of asthma constitutes an epidemic, which by all indications is continuing. Even if rates were to stabilize, asthma would continue to be a profound public health problem, responsible for 9 million visits to health care providers per year, over 1.8 million emergency room visits per year, and over 460 thousand hospitalizations per year. As well as placing a considerable burden in terms of direct medical costs, asthma is one of the leading causes of work or school absenteeism. In 1990, the annual cost of asthma to the U.S. economy was estimated to be $6.2 billion, with the majority of the expense attributed to medical care. The epidemic in the US is representative of many developed countries. Paralleling the dramatic growth in its incidence, asthma is driving one of the most rapidly growing global therapeutic markets. The impact that increased incidence is having on therapeutic market values is further exaggerated by a considerable degree of undertreatment of asthma. Global revenue for 2001 from asthma therapies has been reported by some to be as high as $11.7 billion and up until recently annual growth rates of 10-15% have been reported. Most sources however predict that this level of growth is not sustainable. Since the anti-asthmatic market is well served by existing therapies, such as the b2-agonists and corticosteroids which can treat 95% of asthma patients, competition within the anti-asthmatic market will grow increasingly intense. Consequently, to attain commercial success, pipeline products need to offer significant advantages over currently marketed therapies. Short term advances in the market will center on combination products. GlaxoSmithKline's bronchodilator-corticosteroid combination drug, Advair has been particularly successful offering improved efficacy and convenience. Most currently used treatments are inhaled and since compliance with inhaled therapy, particularly with inhaled corticosteroid therapy, is very poor (estimates of non-adherence of between 30% and 70% have been reported) longer term goals are to develop orally active agent with acceptable side effect profiles and also preventative therapeutics. This report produced by LeadDiscovery in collaboration with head of Thoracic Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute, asthma field-leader and panelist for the Global Initiative for Asthma (Gina), Professor Peter Barnes, focuses on the evaluation of emerging asthma therapeutics and provides a state of the art analysis of those drug discovery targets destined to underlie future therapeutics. This report is placed in the context of the asthma therapeutics market and current pharmaceutical development activity. It has proved to be very difficult to develop new classes of anti-asthma therapy, partly because existing drugs, especially inhaled corticosteroids and combination inhalers, are so effective. New classes of therapeutics are expected to allow for oral treatment which will further improve patient compliance and possibly offer improved efficacy to treatment resistant patients. This report evaluates the major therapeutic targets currently under investigation offering an expert view of the potential and the limitations of each target. Such an evaluation is important to the success of drug discovery efforts since the asthma arena is characterized by targets that have initially offer promise but have failed to meet expectations in the clinic. The only new class of drug developed in the last 30 years are anti-leukotrienes, which are far less effective than inhaled corticosteroids. New bronchodilators have been difficult to develop as new drugs are less effective than b2-agonists and have more side effects. Mediator antagonists have proved disappointing as so many mediators are involved in asthma. A number of emerging targets are however especially promising including IL-13, Tace inhibitors, IL-10, dissociated steroids, PDE4, IgE and vaccine therapies. Proof of concept data and expert opinion on each of these targets is offered in this report. Many other targets are also discussed even though they have yet to be adequately investigated. For each of these, available data is provided and the risks associated with these targets are analyzed in order to guide future research. The report concludes with a listing of therapeutics on the market or in development. Profiles are provided for those in advanced development or those that have been launched a strategic analysis is then provided underlining those targets perceived to be the most promising and how these targets should be exploited. About the contributors to this report Dr Jon Goldhill: Dr Jon Goldhill has over 10 years of academic and industrial research experience including 5 years in middle management at the French pharmaceutical giants, Sanofi-Synthelabo. Focussing on a variety of indications including inflammatory disorders, GI disease, Urological conditions and cancer, Dr Goldhill was responsible for target identification and project development. Dr Goldhill is now CEO and chief analyst at LeadDiscovery and coordinates the identification of candidate drug discovery projects with industrial potential. Prof Peter Barnes: As head of Thoracic Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute (a division of Imperial College Faculty of Medicine) and Panelist for the Global Initiative for Asthma (Gina), Professor Peter Barnes represents perhaps the leading voice in respiratory tract disease. Professor Barnes has built a research group of approximately 70 basic scientists and clinicians dedicated to studying the mechanisms and treatment of asthma and other chronic airway diseases. The department has adopted a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing molecular biology, cell biology, in vitro pharmacology and in vivo experimental studies through to clinical studies in patients with asthma. This group publishes approximately 100 peer review papers annually and have an annual grant income of £2-3 million. Consequently Professor Barnes and his team is in an excellent position to push forward the frontiers of asthma as well as Copd.


Contents:

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The increasing prevalence of asthma

The role of genetic factors in asthma

The role of infective agents in asthma

Asthma as an inflammatory disease

Airway remodelling

Airway hyperresponsiveness

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms

Transcription factors

MODERN ASTHMA MANAGEMENT

Asthma guidelines

Inhaled corticosteroids

Add-on therapies

Anti-leukotrienes NEW BRONCHODILATORS

ß2-Agonists.

Drugs which increase cyclic AMP

Drugs which increase cyclic GMP Selective anticholinergics K+ channel openers

MEDIATOR ANTAGONISTS

Leukotriene modifiers

Prostaglandin inhibitors

Endothelin antagonists

Antioxidants

Purine receptor modulators

Nitric Oxide

Tryptase inhibitors

CYTOKINES AND CYTOKINE INHIBITORS

Strategies for inhibiting cytokines Inhibition of Th2 cytokines

Anti-IL-5 Anti-IL-4 Anti-IL-13 Anti-IL-9 Anti-IL-25 Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

IL-10 Interferons IL-12 IL-18 CHEMOKINE INHIBITORS CCR3 inhibitors

inhibitors

Other CCR inhibitors

NEW ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

Novel corticosteroids

Soft steroids Ciclesonide Dissociated corticosteroids Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors Transcription factor inhibitors

NF-AT/calcineurin inhibitors GATA-3 inhibitors MAP kinase inhibitors

p38 MAP kinase inhibitors JNK inhibitors Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Syk kinase inhibitors Lyn kinase inhibitors EGF receptor kinase Immunomodulators

Th2 cell inhibitors Cell adhesion blockers

SPECIFIC ANTI-ALLERGIC DRUGS

Cromones

Furosemide

Co-stimulation inhibitors

Anti-IgE

PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES IN ASTHMA

Specific allergen vaccination (immunotherapy)

Peptide immunotherapy

Vaccination

CgP oligonucleotides

GENE THERAPY

Gene transfer

Antisense oligonucleotides

THE ASTHMA THERAPEUTICS MARKET

ASTHMA THERAPEUTICS DEVELOPMENT

Full listing of therapeutics on the market or in developement aranged by originating company, phase of development, pharmacology Therapeutic profiles of marketed products zileuton pseudoephedrine (R)-salbutamol bambuterol formoterol pirbuterol reproterol salbutamol salmeterol + fluticasone suplatast tosilate epinastine oxatomide amlexanox tranilast Broncostat Alergim PG TO-194 pranlukast montelukast sodium zafirlukast cyclidrol letosteine flutropium bromide budilast aminophylline doxofylline theophylline triamcinolone beclometasone budesonide deflazacort fluticasone methylprednisolone budesonide beclometasone budesonide flunisolide mometasone budesonide + formoterol seratrodast Therapeutic profiles of clincial stage products salbutamol formoterol omalizumab ciclesonide budesonide flunisolide israpafant (R,R)-formoterol ebastine roflumilast CONCLUSIONS & STRATEGIC ADVICE

 




Ordering: Order Online - visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/28403

Order by Fax - using the order form below

Order By Post - print the order form below and send to

Research and Markets,
Guinness Centre,
Taylors Lane,
Dublin 8,
Ireland.


Research and Markets Page 1 of 2
Printed 24/11/2009 19:43:18
Fax Order Form
To place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the information below and fax the completed form to
646-607-1907 (from USA) or +353 1 6849977 (from Rest of World). If you have any questions please email help@researchandmarkets.net

Order information
Please verify that the product information is correct and select the format you require.
Product Name:
Asthma Therapeutics: New Treatment Options and Emerging Drug Discovery Targets
Web Address:
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/28403
Office Code:
OC8HJMSMOVUUX

Report formats
Please enter the quantity of the report format you require.

Format Quantity Price
Electronic €581.00
Electronic - Site License €1,758.00



Contact information
Please enter all the information below in BLOCK CAPITALS.

First Name:   Last Name:  
Email Address:
Job Title:
Organisation:
Address:
City:
Postal/Zip Code:
Country:
Phone Number:
Fax Number:


Please fax this form to:
(646) 607-1907 or (646) 964-6609 (from USA)
+353-1-481-1716 or +353-1-653-1571 (from Rest of World)
Research and Markets Page 2 of 2
Printed 24/11/2009 19:43:18

Payment information

Please indicate the payment method you would like to use by selecting the appropriate box.

 Pay by Credit Card:
American Express
Diners Club
Master Card
Visa
Cardholder's Name:
Cardholder's Signature:
Expiry Date: /
Card Number:
CVV Security Code:
Issue Date: /   (Diners Club only)


 Pay by Check:
Please post the check, accompanied by this form, to:

Research and Markets,
Guinness Centre,
Taylors Lane,
Dublin 8,
Ireland.


 Pay by Wire Transfer:
Please transfer funds to:

Account number: 83313083
Sort code: 98-53-30
Swift code: ULSBIE2D
IBAN number: IE78ULSB98533083313083
Bank Address: Ulster Bank,
27-35 Main St,
Blackrock,
Co. Dublin,
Ireland.
If you have a Marketing Code please enter it below:
Marketing Code:


Please note that by ordering from Research and Markets you are agreeing to our Terms and Conditions at http://www.researchandmarkets.com/info/terms.asp

Please fax this form to:
(646) 607-1907 or (646) 964-6609 (from USA)
+353-1-481-1716 or +353-1-653-1571 (from Rest of World)