The Parathyroids. Basic and Clinical Concepts. Edition No. 3

Table of Contents

Introduction/History Chapter

Section I: Molecular, Cellular, and Physiologic Aspects of the Parathyroids

Section II: Clinical Aspects of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Section III: Non-Parathyroid Hypercalcemic States

Section VI: Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroid States

Section V: The Hypoparathyroid States

Section VI: The Parathyroids and Osteoporosis

Authors

John P Bilezikian Chief, Division of Endocrinology; Director, Metabolic Bone Diseases Program, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Dr. John P. Bilezikian, the Dorothy L. and Daniel H. Silberberg Professor of Medicine and Professor of Pharmacology at the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University is Chief of the Division of Endocrinology and Director of the Metabolic Bone Diseases Program at Columbia University Medical Center. Dr. Bilezikian received his undergraduate training at Harvard College and his medical training at the College of Physicians & Surgeons. He completed four years of house staff training (internship, residency and Chief Residency) on the Medical Service at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. Dr. Bilezikian received his training in Metabolic Bone Diseases and in Endocrinology at the NIH in the Mineral Metabolism Branch under the tutelage of Dr. Gerald Aurbach. Robert Marcus Professor Emeritus, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA. Dr. Marcus is Professor-Emeritus, Stanford University, where he served on the full-time medical faculty for almost 25 years, before joining the Emeritus faculty in 2001. At Stanford, he was located at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto California, where he served as Director of the Aging Study Unit of the Geriatrics Research, Education, & Clinical Center from 1982-2001. Dr. Marcus enjoyed a long career as a clinical investigator in the fields of bone and mineral metabolism and osteoporosis medicine. His own research interests included diagnosis and therapy of primary hyperpara-thyroidism, interactions of the parathyroid-vitamin D axis with estrogen, age-related changes in the growth hormone-IGF axis, effects of growth hormone replacement for older men and women, metabolic and musculoskeletal effects of resistance exercise in older men and women, adolescent bone acquisition, and osteoporosis therapeutics. Dr. Marcus' laboratory was a study site for many of the pivotal clinical trials in the osteoporosis field. These include the NIH Post-menopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial (PEPI), Merck's Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT), Lilly's Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Intervention (MORE), and Lilly's registration trial of recombinant PTH(1-34) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In 2001. Dr. Marcus joined the US Affiliate of Eli Lilly & Company to support Lilly's program in Osteoporosis and Skeletal Medicine. From 2003 until his retirement from Lilly in 2008, Dr. Marcus was the lead physician for the Forteo team at Lilly. He has published more than 150 research papers, editorials, and reviews. Dr. Marcus served as President of the American Society for Bone & Mineral Research in 2000-2001. Michael A. Levine Chief of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Director of the Center for Bone Health, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Dr. Michael A. Levine is Chief of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Director of the Center for Bone Health at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Levine holds the Lester Baker Endowed Chair and is Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. Dr. Levine's research focuses on the genetic basis of disorders of bone and mineral metabolism and complements his clinical expertise in endocrine diseases that affect bone and mineral metabolism. His approach is to apply molecular and genetic tools to analyze the basis of altered hormone action, particularly in G protein-coupled signal transduction systems that affect growth and development. He has identified or contributed to the molecular basis of several inherited disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, including familial hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, cherubism, and the McCune Albright syndrome. His research interests now extend to the molecular events that control embryological development of the parathyroid glands and genetic modifiers of vitamin D action. Claudio Marcocci Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Orthopaedics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Claudio Marcocci, MD, is Professor of Endocrinology at the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Director of the Postgraduate School in Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa and Director of the Endocrine Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa. Over the years he has combined its clinical appointments with basic, translational and clinical research in the fields of parathyroid and thyroid diseases and vitamin D. Over the last 10 years he has contributed original work on the management of Graves' orbitopathy, the calcium sensing receptor, clinical aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism and the molecular mechanisms of parathyroid tumorigenesis. Member of several Scientific Associations: Italian Society of Endocrinology, Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Skeletal Diseases, European Thyroid Association, American Thyroid Association, Endocrine Society, American Society of Bone and Mineral Research, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Shonni J Silverberg Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Shonni J. Silverberg, MD, is an endocrinologist in New York and is affiliated with?New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia and Cornell. She received her medical degree from Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University and has been in practice for more than 20 years. She is Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. John T. Potts Distinguished Jackson Professor of Clinical Medicine, Harvard Medical School and The Massachusetts General Hospital, Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA, USA. John T. Potts, Jr., MD, is currently the Jackson Distinguished Professor of Clinical Medicine at Harvard Medical School. After medical training at the University of Pennsylvania, he completed his internship and residency at Massachusetts General Hospital. He went on to work at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), studying protein chemistry with Nobel laureate Christian Anfinsen. Dr. Potts remained at the NIH from 1959 until 1968, when he returned to the MGH as chief of endocrinology. The author or co-author of more than 500 scientific publications, he is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also a director of ReceptorBase, Inc. and Zeltiq Aesthetics, a founder of Radius Health, Inc., and a member of the Scientific Advisory Boards of MPM Capital and HealthCare Ventures, as well as the Medical Advisory Board of Cell Genesys