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Viewing report
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Global Cashew Nut Industry Report
CYGNUS Business Consulting & Research, July 2005, Pages: 85
Cashew a native of Eastern Brazil was introduced to India by the Portuguese nearly five centuries ago. India was the first country to hit the world market with cashew kernels and it was she who pioneered cashew processing as an industry. The kernel being the economic part is extracted from the shell of the cashew nut. The other products and by-products of cashew are Cashew apple, Cashew apple juice, Cashew syrup, Cashew apple jam, Cashew apple candy and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid.
India has the largest area under cashew and is confined mainly to the peninsular areas. It is grown in Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra along the west coast and Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal along the east coast. Cashew occupied an area of 0.75 million hectares in the country in 2004-05, with a production of 0.55 million tonnes. The highest productivity is observed in Kerala and Maharashtra with over one ton per ha. India is also one of the largest cashew consuming countries in the world.
The requirement of raw nut in the industry is more than 1 million tonnes for processing, but the availability from internal sources is half of the requirement. The industry's dependence on imported raw nuts has gone up substantially, with indigenous production failing to keep pace with the growing demand for the raw material. However, import of raw nuts by the industry was the highest with 5.78 lakh tonnes at US$485 million in 2004-05(4.52 lakh tonnes, worth US$311 million in 2003-04).
Cashew is exported from India in several forms, such as cashew kernels, broken and whole; raw cashew nuts; roasted cashew nuts and cashew nut shell liquid. The export of cashew kernels from India has grown at the rate of 3.6 per cent per annum during the last ten years as compared to the annual growth rate of 4.73 per cent of the world export. In 2004-05, cashew kernel export touched a record of US$ 602 million with exports of 1.26 lakh tonnes, against 1 lakh tonnes at US$401 million in 2003-04. Among the agri-horticultural commodities getting exported from India, cashew bags the second position. USA, Netherlands, UK, Japan, UAE, France, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Italy, German Fed. Republic, Austria, Israel and Spain are the major international buyers of Indian Cashews. Nowadays Indian cashew export market is facing stiff competition from the new entrant to the world cashew market-Vietnam.
Cashew ranks third in world production of edible nuts that are traded globally. World trade in edible nuts has experienced relatively rapid growth, averaging about 2.7 per cent per year. Worldwide, trade in cashews exceeds US$2 billion and its demand is increasing. Of the total world supply, 0.1 million tonnes are traded on international markets, with India claiming (40 per cent) and Vietnam (33 per cent). World Raw Cashew nut (RCN) production in 2004 is estimated to be around 2.08 million tonnes from a total area of 3.06 million hectares. Vietnam, India, Brazil, Nigeria and Tanzania account to 80 per cent of global output. In 2004, Vietnam topped global production with 0.64 million tonnes which is 30 per cent of global production, followed by India (0.5 million tonnes) and Brazil (0.22 million tonnes) in the second and third position respectively. Going by the area under cashew production, Vietnam is in the fifth position with 0.26 million hectares and Brazil has the second largest area under harvest with 0.68 million hectare after India. The United States is the largest importer of cashew kernels, accounting for over 50 per cent of the world’s imports. Other importers include the Netherlands (ten per cent), Germany (seven per cent), Japan (five per cent) and the United Kingdom (five per cent).
Cashew production in Asia currently accounts for about 50 per cent of global production. India has long been the main cashew producer in Asia, accounting for 70 to 90 per cent of total Asian production. Also Indonesia and Vietnam emerged as important cashew producing countries within Asia. The cashew nut output in Vietnam in 2004 increased 35 per cent over 2003 with an average of 1,100kg a hectare.
African countries produce one-third of the world's raw cashew nuts, but 95 per cent of Africa's production is currently being exported abroad for processing. Tanzania and Guinea-Bissau are the largest producers of cashew nuts in Africa, each accounting for eight per cent of the world's production.
Brazil produces approximately 2.24 lakh tonnes of raw cashew nuts a year, of which 90 per cent are sold abroad, and 80 per cent of the producers are small scale. Brazil currently occupies the third position in world exports with 16 per cent share.
Majority of importers of cashew are serviced by India cashew growers. The countries like Japan, UAE, Russia, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Greece and Singapore is already catered by India and does not possess much potential for increasing the market share. The countries with high market potential for India are Australia, Canada, Germany, China, and South Africa. Other countries like US, Netherlands, UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Lebanon, Israel and New Zealand has moderate potential for exports.
The constraints cashew industry are non allocation of suitable land, Cashew currently being cultivated under wasteland, the poor cultural practices that are being followed, lack of tax exemption, need for market development initiatives, stagnant growth in production, improper utilization of resources, and high dependence on imported raw nuts.
The cashew is currently exported from India like any other food commodity with more emphasis being given in quality of the produce along with adoption of sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures.
Consumption of cashew in the world continues to rise and is expected to continue with positive health reports and beneficial diets. Another positive factor is that the prices of cashew and almonds in the US and the EU currently are almost at par and, hence, the preference for cashew has picked up.
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