Printer Friendly Printed from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/328328 Emerging Antiviral Drug Targets Description: In recent years, many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have shifted their drug development for infectious diseases from antibacterial to antiviral discovery and development. This trend reflects a perception among many companies of limited commercial opportunity in antibacterials - due to high competition, increased genericization, and short treatment courses. In contrast, antiviral markets represent large populations, the need for chronic or long-term treatment, and significant unmet needs. In particular, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been the focus of drug development, representing important areas of future growth. Early research has identified numerous potential targets in the viral lifecycle of these infections that could yield novel therapeutics with improved safety and efficacy. This report provides an overview of the viral lifecycle of these infections, outlines the key drug targets and steps where pharmacologic intervention can have a favorable therapeutic benefit, and outlines key drugs aimed at emerging drug targets. Business Implications HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C are among the most important viral infections for drug developers because of their large patient populations, high medical need, and potential for chronic treatment. The complex viral lifecycles of these infections provide numerous potential targets for drug developers. To date, however, current therapies against these infections have focused on a limited number of targets. Among these three infectious organisms, HIV has yielded the highest number of drug targets and candidates, partly because of the high level of investment in HIV research and availability of in vitro models for drug testing. Integrase and several viral and host proteins involved in viral entry (CCR5, gp120, gp41, and CD4) appear to be the most promising emerging targets for the next generation of HIV therapeutics. Historically, hepatitis C virus (HCV) drug development has been hampered by the lack of reliable cell culture systems and animal infection models. However, several highly promising targets, including protease and polymerase, have yielded drug candidates that can potentially revolutionize the treatment of HCV. In contrast with HIV and HCV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug development is relatively concentrated within nucleoside analogues that target reverse transcription. Drug development in HBV is aimed at providing nucleoside analogues with higher potency than currently marketed products and activity against viral strains resistant to current agents. Contents: Introduction HIV Viral Structure Viral Life Cycle and Drug Targets Virus Entry and Host Receptors Nuclear Import Reverse Transcription Genomic Integration Viral Expression and Assembly Emerging Targets and Therapeutics for HIV HCV Key Viral Proteins and Drug Targets NS2 and NS2/3 Protease NS3 Protease NS3 Helicase NS4A NS4B NS5A NS5B Untranslated Regions Core Protein E1 and E2 Hypervariable Region Emerging Targets and Therapeutics for HCV HBV Viral Structure The HBV DNA Genome The HBV Replication Cycle Receptor Attachment DNA Repair and Transcription Encapsidation Reverse Transcription and DNA Synthesis Virion Assembly Emerging Targets and Therapeutics for HBV Outlook List of Figures Figure 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Structure Figure 2 The Life Cycle of HIV-1 Figure 3 CD4 Receptor and Coreceptor Binding Figure 4 Reverse Transcription Figure 5 Hepatitis C Viral Genome Figure 6 The Dane Particle Figure 7 Hepatitis B Virus Replication List of Tables Table 1 HIV Gene Products Involved in the Production of New Infectious HIV Particles Table 2 Emerging Drug Targets and Therapeutics in Development for HIV, 2006 Table 3 Emerging Drug Targets and Therapeutics in Development for HCV, 2006 Table 4 Emerging Drug Targets and Therapeutics in Development for HBV, 2006 Companies Mentioned Some of the companies mentioned include: - Trimeris - Bristol-Myers Squibb - Pfizer - Progenics Pharmaceuticals - AnorMED - Tanox - Merck - Tibotec Pharmaceuticals - Jannsen Research Foundation - Johnson & Johnson - Incyte - Roche - Panacos Pharmaceuticals - Schering-Plough - Roche - Idenix Pharmaceuticals - ViroPharma - Wyeth - Valeant Pharmaceuticals - Coley Pharmaceuticals - Anadys Pharmaceuticals - Novartis - Sima Therapeutics - Gilead Sciences Ordering: Order Online - visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/328328 Order by Fax - using the order form below Order By Post - print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. 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