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Mega Scale IPTV Networks - How To Create Very Large IPTV Networks


Description: This report examines the issues that may occur as the number of IPTV networks become very large, and as single IPTV networks exceed one million subscribers. It identifies potential bottlenecks and describes strategies for avoiding them.

Elements of an IPTV Network

Large IPTV (often called "IPTV") networks are typically organized into a hierarchical architecture that includes:
- A super video headend that acquires the national broadcast channels and the video on demand (VOD) content.
- Regional headends that acquire local channels and include the VOD servers.
- The access network that includes ADSL and VDSL DSLAMs, or the systems that provide fiber services to the individual subscribers.
- An IP/MPLS network that carries the encoded national broadcast channels and the video on demand content to the regional video headends.
- An Ethernet aggregation network that carries the broadcast content from the regional video headends to the access network that distributes it to the subscribers.
- Software systems that include the middleware that manages the IPTV service, the content protection/digital rights management (DRM) systems that protect IPTV systems, along with the back office systems that are used to manage and provision the IPTV network.

Size of IPTV Networks

The database used to create the Market Leader Report published in August 2005 identifies five service providers that have more than 100 thousand IPTV subscribers today. Three of these service providers have less than 200 thousand subscribers and the largest has over 650 thousand. From this, it is clear that nearly all service providers are just beginning to address scaling issues.

This situation is likely to change significantly over the next several years. The model used for our IPTV Global Forecast 2005 – 2009, published in September 2005 indicates that at end of 2009, 40 service providers are likely to have over 100 thousand subscribers, and that eight of these service providers will have more than one million subscribers. The largest deployment identified in the forecast is expected to have three million subscribers at that time. It is clear that many service providers will be addressing significant IPTV scaling issues over the next few years.

Factors Affecting IPTV Scaling

There are a number of factors that will influence the scaling of IPTV networks:
- The number of IPTV subscribers is the overriding factor, and is the basis for most of the other factors.
- The number of IPTV subscribers using VOD services.
- Channel change behavior for broadcast services.
- Use of services that generate transactions such as use of TV-based Internet portals, or video-based e-mail or commerce portals.
- Use of games and other interactive content.
- Viewing of High Definition TV (HDTV) content.
- Depth of the electronic program guide (EPG).
- Dependence of middleware on network services.
- The distribution of VOD servers in the network.

Bandwidth Requirements in IPTV Networks
Table 1 lists the bandwidth requirements for IPTV at the service level, in the access network, and in the aggregation network. This table shows that a minimum of 20 Mbps is required for an IPTV service with HD content. It also shows that this 20 Mbps or more of bandwidth should be carried through the access and aggregation networks, except that there can be some reduction in the aggregation network due to the statistical nature of best-effort Internet traffic.


Contents: 1 Executive Summary

2 Factors in Scaling in IPTV Networks
2.1 IPTV Networks
2.2 Scaling Factors in IPTV Networks
2.2.1 Number of Subscribers
2.2.2 Other Subscriber Based Scaling Factors
2.2.3 Content Based Scaling Factors
2.2.4 Architecture Based Scaling Factors
2.3 Bandwidth Requirements for IPTV Services

3 Scaling of IPTV Broadcast Video Networks
3.1 Bandwidth Requirements for Broadcast Channels
3.2 The Importance of IP Multicasting
3.3 Broadcast Channel Scaling Issues in the Video Headends
3.4 Broadcast Channel Scaling Issues in the Aggregation Network
3.5 Broadcast Channel Scaling Issues in the Access Network

4 Scaling of IPTV Video On Demand Networks
4.1 Subscriber Demand for Video On Demand Services
4.2 Video On Demand Scaling Issues in the Video Headends
4.3 Video On Demand Scaling Issues in the Aggregation Network
4.3.1 Capacity Requirements in the Aggregation Network
4.3.2 Traffic Mix in an IPTV Aggregation Network
4.3.3 Bottlenecks in the Aggregation Network
4.4 Video On Demand Scaling Issues in the Access Network
4.4.1 Bandwidth Requirements in the Access Network
4.4.2 Bottlenecks in the Access Network
4.5 Optimizing the Video On Demand Network
4.5.1 Using Distributed Video On Demand Systems
4.5.2 Optimizing the Optical Network

5 Scaling of IPTV Software Systems
5.1 Middleware Software
5.2 Content Protection & Digital Rights Management Software
5.3 Back Office Systems
5.4 Integrated Systems
5.5 Optimizing Software Systems

6 Planning for Growth in IPTV Networks
6.1 IPTV Penetration
6.2 The Service Mix
6.3 Broadcast Video Strategies are Straightforward
6.4 Distributed Video On Demand is a Key Strategy
6.5 Network Link Capacity in the Access Network
6.6 Video On Demand is Key to the Aggregation Network
6.7 Significance of Software Architecture
6.8 Advances in Technology

7 Opportunities, Risks, and Recommendations
7.1 Opportunities
7.2 Risks
7.3 Recommendations

8 Appendices
8.1 System Integrators
8.1.1 Alcatel
8.1.2 Siemens
8.1.3 Thales Broadcast and Multimedia
8.2 Access Systems
8.2.1 ECI Telecom
8.2.2 Lucent
8.2.3 Motorola, Inc.
8.3 Transport Networks
8.3.1 Cisco Systems
8.3.2 Juniper Networks
8.4 Video Headends
8.4.1 Harmonic Inc.
8.4.2 Skystream Networks
8.4.3 Tut Systems
8.5 Video On Demand Servers
8.5.1 Bitband Inc.
8.5.2 C-Cor
8.5.3 Entone
8.5.4 Kasenna
8.6 Middleware and other Software Systems
8.6.1 Orca Interactive
8.7 Content Protection and Digital Rights Management
8.7.1 Latens
8.7.2 Nagravision
8.7.3 Widevine Technologies
8.8 Back Office Systems
8.8.1 Agilent
8.8.2 IneoQuest
8.8.3 Motive
8.9 Integrated Software Systems
8.9.1 IBM
8.9.2 Microsoft

Table of Figures
Figure 1-1: Aggregation Network Bandwidth Savings from a Distributed Network
Figure 2-1: Basic IPTV Network Architecture
Figure 2-2: Large IPTV Network
Figure 3-1: Total Bandwidth Requirements for a Broadcast Offering
Figure 3-2: Operation of IP Multicast in an IPTV Network
Figure 3-3: Channels Views by a Population of Subscribers
Figure 4-1: 10 Gigabit Ethernet Links Required for Video On Demand
Figure 4-2: Aggregation Network Bandwidth Required for IPTV
Figure 4-3: Level of Best Effort Internet Traffic in a 3Play Network
Figure 4-4: Verizon's View of Access Network Bandwidth Requirements
Figure 4-5: Bandwidth Required for a Distributed Video On Demand Network
Figure 4-6: Aggregation Network Bandwidth Savings from a Distributed Network
Figure 8-1: Alcatel's IPTV/Triple Back Office System Architecture
Figure 8-2: Alcatel's View of Triple Play Network Capacity
Figure 8-3: Bandwidth Conversation Using H-VPLS
Figure 8-4: IPTV Transport Architecture
Figure 8-5: Video Network Architecture
Figure 8-6: SDX-300 Service Activation
Figure 8-7: Video Stream/Channel Capacity for Juniper Routers
Figure 8-8: Entone StreamLiner Video On Demand Architecture
Figure 8-9: Orca's Test Platform
Figure 8-10: Nagra IP System Architecture
Figure 8-11: Architecture of the Microsoft TV IPTV Edition

Table of Tables
Table 1-1: Bandwidth Requirements in a 3Play Network
Table 1-2: IPTV Software Systems
Table 2-1: Current Size of IPTV Networks
Table 2-2: Expected Size of IPTV Networks in 2009
Table 2-3: Bandwidth Requirements in a 3Play Network
Table 3-1: IPTV Per Channel Bandwidth Requirements
Table 4-1: Video On Demand Storage Requirements
Table 4-2: Switching Capacity of Switching and Routing Systems
Table 4-3: Typical Access Speeds
Table 4-4: Uplink Capacity on Access Systems
Table 4-5: Approximate Break Points in a Video On Demand Network
Table 5-1: Scaling of Middleware Software Packages
Table 5-2: Scaling of Content Protection Packages/DRM Systems
Table 5-3: Scaling of Integrated Software Applications
Table 8-1: Companies Profiled in this Report
Table 8-2: System Integrators Profiles
Table 8-3: Alcatel Financial Results
Table 8-4: Alcatel IPTV Products
Table 8-5: Channel Capacity of Alcatel's Systems
Table 8-6: Channel Capacity of Alcatel's Systems
Table 8-7: Triple Play Per Subscriber Bandwidth Requirements
Table 8-8: Alcatel IPTV Deployments
Table 8-9: Siemens' Financial Results
Table 8-10: Siemens' IPTV Products and Services
Table 8-11: Channel Capacity of Siemens' Systems
Table 8-12: Siemens/Myrio IPTV Deployments
Table 8-13: Thales Financial Results
Table 8-14: Thales IPTV Products
Table 8-15: Thales IPTV Deployments
Table 8-16: IPTV Access Systems Profiles
Table 8-17: ECI Financial Results
Table 8-18: ECI IPTV Products
Table 8-19: Channel Capacity of ECI's Products
Table 8-20: ECI IPTV Deployments
Table 8-21: Lucent Financial Results
Table 8-22: Lucent IPTV Products
Table 8-23: TV Channel Capacity of Lucent's Products
Table 8-24: Lucent IPTV Deployments
Table 8-25: Motorola Financial Results
Table 8-26: Motorola IPTV Products
Table 8-27: Channel Capacity of Motorola's Products
Table 8-28: Motorola IPTV Deployments
Table 8-29: IPTV Transport Network Company Profiles
Table 8-30: Cisco Systems Financial Results
Table 8-31: Cisco Systems IPTV Products
Table 8-32: Channel Capacity for Cisco Router Products
Table 8-33: Channel Capacity for Cisco Optical and Ethernet Switching Products
Table 8-34: Video On Demand Bandwidth Requirements
Table 8-35: Cisco Systems IPTV Deployments
Table 8-36: Juniper Networks Financial Results
Table 8-37: Juniper Networks IPTV Products
Table 8-38: Juniper Networks IPTV Deployments
Table 8-39: Video Headend Company Profiles
Table 8-40: Harmonic Financial Results
Table 8-41: Harmonic IPTV Products
Table 8-42: Harmonic IPTV Deployments
Table 8-43: Skystream Networks IPTV Products
Table 8-44: Skystream Networks IPTV Deployments
Table 8-45: Tut Systems Financial Results
Table 8-46: Tut Systems IPTV Products
Table 8-47: Packet Loss Improvement Using Forward Error Correction
Table 8-48: Ethernet Interface Capacity Limits
Table 8-49: Tut Systems IPTV Deployments
Table 8-50: IPTV Video On Demand Server Company Profiles
Table 8-51: Bitband IPTV Products
Table 8-52: Bitband IPTV Deployments
Table 8-53: C-Cor Financial Results
Table 8-54: C-Cor IPTV Products
Table 8-55: C-Cor IPTV Deployments
Table 8-56: Entone IPTV Products
Table 8-57: Entone IPTV Deployments
Table 8-58: Kasenna IPTV Products
Table 8-59: Kasenna IPTV Deployments
Table 8-60: IPTV Middleware and other Software System CompanyProfiles
Table 8-61: Orca Interactive Financial Results
Table 8-62: Orca Interactive IPTV Products
Table 8-63: Orca Scaling Test Database
Table 8-64: Orca Interactive IPTV Deployments
Table 8-65: IPTV Content Protection and Digital Rights Management Profiles
Table 8-66: Latens IPTV Products
Table 8-67: Latens' Scaling Test Results
Table 8-68: Latens IPTV Deployments
Table 8-69: Nagravision Financial Results
Table 8-70: Nagravision IPTV Products
Table 8-71: Nagravision IPTV Deployments
Table 8-72: Widevine Technologies IPTV Products
Table 8-73: Widevine Technologies IPTV Deployments
Table 8-74: IPTV Back Office System Company Profiles
Table 8-75: Agilent Financial Results
Table 8-76: Agilent IPTV Products
Table 8-77: Agilent NETeXPERT Deployments
Table 8-78: IneoQuest's IPTV Back Office Products and Services
Table 8-79: IneoQuest IPTV Deployments
Table 8-80: Motive Financial Results
Table 8-81: Motive IPTV Products
Table 8-82: IPTV Middleware and other Software System Company Profiles
Table 8-83: IBM Financial Results
Table 8-84: IBM IPTV Products
Table 8-85: IBM IPTV Deployments
Table 8-86: Microsoft Financial Results
Table 8-87: Microsoft IPTV Products
Table 8-88: Microsoft IPTV Deployments


Companies Mentioned - Alcatel - Siemens - Thales Broadcast and Multimedia - ECI Telecom - Lucent - Motorola, Inc. - Cisco Systems - Juniper Networks - Harmonic Inc. - Skystream Networks - Tut Systems - Britband Inc. - C-Cor - Entone - Kasenna - Orca Interactive - Latens - Nagravision - Widevine Technologies - Agilent - IneoQuest - Motive - IBM - Microsoft


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