Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids - Global Strategic Business Report - Market Research Reports

Contents:

AMBULATORY AND BATHROOM AIDS

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS 1
Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations 1
Disclaimers 2
Data Interpretation & Reporting Level 3
Quantitative Techniques & Analytics 3
Product Definition and Scope of Study 3
Product Segments 4
Ambulatory Aids 4
Standing Aids 4
Walking Aids 4
Canes 4
Crutches 4
Walkers 5
Bathroom Aids 5
Commode Chairs 5
Shower Chairs 5
Patient Seating & Positioning Aids 5

2. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 6
Current and Future Analysis 6
In Value Terms 6
Analysis by Region 6
Analysis by Segment 6
In Volume Terms 7
Analysis by Region 7
Analysis by Segment 7
Recession Niggles Market Growth 7
Aging World Population Fans the Demand for Ambulatory Aids 7
Looking For More Value? 8
Advent of Innovative and Fashionable Products 8
Improved Marketing to Drive Sales of Ambulatory Aids 8
Innovation & Versatility Take the Lead to Shape Success 9
Product Pricing Turns Mission Critical in Patient Aids Segment 9
Patient-Friendly Products to Drive Market Growth 9
Focus on Product Packaging to Boost Sales 10
Patient Aid Market Focusing on Light Weight and Versatile
Products 10
Challenges to the Industry 10

3. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 11
An Aerial View of the Homecare Industry 11
Home Healthcare Industry - The Fastest Growing Sector 11
The Changing Landscape of the Home Healthcare Industry 11
Popularity of ‘Alternate Site Care’ Brings Home Healthcare
into the Spotlight 12
Budding Consumerism - A Boon for the Home Healthcare Market 12
Convenience Drives the Shift in the Distribution Mix 12
Mobility and Bathroom Safety Aids Lead the Home Healthcare Market 13
Assisted Living Services Gain Momentum the World Over 13
Personalized Products on the Roll in the Homecare Sector 13
Mobile Products: Emphasis on Improved Mobility 14

4. PRODUCT OVERVIEW 15
Ambulatory Aids 15
Standing Aids 15
Standing Aids: Help Improve Cardiovascular Function 15
Prone Standers 15
Supine Standers 16
Vertical Standers 16
Standing Frames 16
Econostand 16
Standing Tables 16
Adult Adjustable Standing Table 17
Mobile Standers 17
Assisted Standing Aids 17
Standard Components of Standing Aids 17
Standup Wheelchairs 17
Tilt Chair: A Specialized Device 18
Mobile Standers: Independently Operated by Users 18
Swivel Walker: For Children with Spina Bifida and Paraplegic
Adults 18
Walking Aids 18
Walking Aids: Bringing Patients Back to an Active Life 18
‘Proper Prescription of Walking Aids’: The Key to Desired
Outputs 18
Canes 19
Canes: Most Familiar and Versatile Aid to Ambulation 19
Contralateral Usage: Provides Maximum Benefit to the User 20
Designed to Suit the Needs 20
Fitting: A Prime Factor 20
Most Common Types of Canes 20
Single Point Canes 20
Standard Canes: A Candy Cane 21
Quad Canes: A Three/Four Legged Pedestal 21
Folding Seat Cane 21
The Comfortable Canes 21
Crutches 22
Crutches: A Less Flexible Device 22
Crutches - Product Type 22
Axillary Crutch: The Most Familiar Crutch 23
Arthritis Crutch: A Device for Persons with Poor Hand Strength 23
Types of Crutches - By Utility 23
Elbow Crutches 23
Underarm Crutches 23
Forearm Crutch 23
Forearm Preferred by Permanent Users 23
Adjustable Crutches 24
Walkers 24
Walkers: Can be used as a Temporary or Permanent Device 24
Models of Walkers 25
Rigid Frame Walker 25
Roller Walker 25
Standard Walker 25
Merry Walker 25
Trekking Poles 25
Tri Walker 25
Seat Walker 25
Multiwalker 26
Three Wheeled Walkers 26
Four Wheeled Walkers 26
Roll-A-Bout Walkers 26
Rigid Walkers 26
Folding Walkers 26
Walkers with Wheel Attachments 26
Hemi Walkers 26
Jade 3 Walker 26
Some of the Other Walking Aids Include 27
Walking Stick 27
Transfer Walking Belt 27
Lifts 27
Bathroom Aids 27
Bathtub Transfer Bench 28
Bathseats 28
Bathboards 28
Bath Lifts 28
Handrails: Most Commonly Used in Bathrooms 28
Commodes 29
Shower Commode 29
Patient Seating & Positioning Aids 29

5. PRODUCT INNOVATIONS/INTRODUCTIONS 30
Moen Unveils Tool-Free Shower Chair 30
Roll Mobility Introduces New Products at RollMobility.com 30
FlexyFoot Rolls Out Walking Stick Ferrule 30
Convaid Introduces New Cruiser® Wheelchair with Improved Features 31
Honda Develops “Walking Assist” Robotic Device 31

6. PRODUCT INNOVATIONS/LAUNCHES IN RECENT PAST - A PERSPECTIVE
BUILDER 33
A.R.T. Group Unveils Pediatric Tilt-in- Space Chair, Kids ROCK™ 33
Stretchair Launches Versatile Hygiene-Chair 33
ARJO Unveils Malibu, a Bathing System 33
Graham-Field Introduces Wide Range of Ambulatory products 33
Keen Mobility Company Unveils Quest Cane 33

7. RECENT INDUSTRY ACTIVITY 34
Lamico Mobility Acquires Lamico 34
Audax Group Takes Over Assistive Technology Group 34
Accentus Takes Over Mrecord 34
SynerMed Enters into Strategic Alliance with Health-e-Link 34
Progressive Enterprises Holdings 35
Takes Over Progressive Medical 35
Home Health Depot Acquires Rite at Home Health Care Products 35
Gentiva Health Services Divests Home Medical Equipment Business 35
Drive Medical Canada Takes Over Independent Needs Center 36
Handicare Takes Over Linido 36
Medline Industries Purchases Sunrise Medical’s Guardian Business 37
Noveko International Inks Distribution Agreement with Formedica 37

8. CORPORATE ACTIVITY IN RECENT PAST - A PERSPECTIVE BUILDER 38
ARJO and Huntleigh Merge to Form ArjoHuntleigh 38
Creative Foam Acquires Iatrics 38
GF Health Products Joins Forces with MedAssets 38
Colours N Motion Collaborates with Med Services 39

9. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS 40
Activeaid, Inc. (US) 40
Apex Dynamics Healthcare Products, LLC (UK) 40
ArjoHuntleigh (US) 40
ATO-FORM GmbH (Germany) 41
Days Healthcare UK Ltd. (UK) 41
GF Health Products, Inc. (US) 42
Invacare Corporation (US) 42
Keen Mobility Company (US) 42
Lamico, Inc. (US) 43
Maxhealth Corporation (Taiwan) 43
Medline Industries, Inc. (US) 43
Nova Orthopedic & Rehabilitation Appliance, Inc. (Taiwan) 44
Patterson Medical, Inc. (US) 44
Homecraft Rolyan Ltd. (UK) 44
Rebotec Rehabilitationsmittel GmbH (Germany) 45
Sunrise Medical (US) 45
Thomas Fetterman, Inc. (US) 45

10. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE 47
A. Dollar Analytics 47
Table 1: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 47

Table 2: World Historic Review for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 48

Table 3: World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 49

Table 4: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 50

Table 5: World Historic Review for Ambulatory Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 51

Table 6: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory Aids by Product Segment - Standing Aids and
Walking Aids (Canes, Crutches, and Walkers) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 52

Table 7: World Historic Review for Ambulatory Aids by Product
Segment - Standing Aids and Walking Aids (Canes, Crutches,
and Walkers) Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 53

Table 8: World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010
& 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 54

Table 9: World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory Aids by
Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
Standing Aids and Walking Aids (Canes, Crutches, and Walkers)
Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 55

Table 10: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Standing Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 56

Table 11: World Historic Review for Standing Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 57

Table 12: World 15-Year Perspective for Standing Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 58

Table 13: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Walking Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 59

Table 14: World Historic Review for Walking Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 60

Table 15: World 15-Year Perspective for Walking Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 61

Table 16: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Canes by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America & Rest of World
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 62

Table 17: World Historic Review for Canes by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 63

Table 18: World 15-Year Perspective for Canes by Geographic
Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 64

Table 19: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Crutches by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 65

Table 20: World Historic Review for Crutches by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 66

Table 21: World 15-Year Perspective for Crutches by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 67

Table 22: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Walkers by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 68

Table 23: World Historic Review for Walkers by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 69

Table 24: World 15-Year Perspective for Walkers by Geographic
Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 70

Table 25: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 71

Table 26: World Historic Review for Bathroom Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 72

Table 27: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 73

Table 28: World Historic Review for Bathroom Aids by Product
Segment - Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2000 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 74

Table 29: World 15-Year Perspective for Bathroom Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 75

Table 30: World 15-Year Perspective for Bathroom Aids by
Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 76

Table 31: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Commode Chairs by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 77

Table 32: World Historic Review for Commode Chairs by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 78

Table 33: World 15-Year Perspective for Commode Chairs by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 79

Table 34: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Shower Chairs by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 80

Table 35: World Historic Review for Shower Chairs by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 81

Table 36: World 15-Year Perspective for Shower Chairs by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 82

Table 37: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Patient Seating & Positioning Aids by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 83

Table 38: World Historic Review for Patient Seating &
Positioning Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 84

Table 39: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Patient Seating & Positioning Aids by Product Segment - Adult
(Spinal Cord Injury), Pediatric, and Geriatric Seating and
Positioning Aids Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 85

Table 40: World Historic Review for Patient Seating &
Positioning Aids by Product Segment - Adult (Spinal Cord
Injury), Pediatric, and Geriatric Seating and Positioning
Aids Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 86

Table 41: World 15-Year Perspective for Patient Seating &
Positioning Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown
of Value Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 87

Table 42: World 15-Year Perspective for Patient Seating &
Positioning Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Adult (Spinal Cord Injury), Pediatric, and
Geriatric Seating and Positioning Aids Markets for Years
2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 88

Table 43: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Adult (Spinal Cord Injury) Seating and Positioning Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 89

Table 44: World Historic Review for Adult (Spinal Cord
Injury) Seating and Positioning Aids by Geographic Region -
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 90

Table 45: World 15-Year Perspective for Adult (Spinal Cord
Injury) Seating and Positioning Aids by Geographic Region -
Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 91

Table 46: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Pediatric Seating and Positioning Aids by Geographic Region -
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 92

Table 47: World Historic Review for Pediatric Seating and
Positioning Aids by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 93

Table 48: World 15-Year Perspective for Pediatric Seating and
Positioning Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown
of Value Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 94

Table 49: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Geriatric Seating and Positioning Aids by Geographic Region -
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 95

Table 50: World Historic Review for Geriatric Seating and
Positioning Aids by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 96

Table 51: World 15-Year Perspective for Geriatric Seating and
Positioning Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown
of Value Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 97
B. Volume Analytics 98
Table 52: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 98

Table 53: World Historic Review for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2003 through 2008
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 99

Table 54: World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 100

Table 55: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 101

Table 56: World Historic Review for Ambulatory Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 102

Table 57: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory Aids by Product Segment - Standing Aids and
Walking Aids (Canes, Crutches, and Walkers) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 103

Table 58: World Historic Review for Ambulatory Aids by
Product Segment - Standing Aids and Walking Aids (Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2003 through
2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 104

Table 59: World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 105

Table 60: World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory Aids by
Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
Standing Aids and Walking Aids (Canes, Crutches, and Walkers)
Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 106

Table 61: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Standing Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 107

Table 62: World Historic Review for Standing Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 108

Table 63: World 15-Year Perspective for Standing Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 109

Table 64: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Walking Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan
,Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 110

Table 65: World Historic Review for Walking Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 111

Table 66: World 15-Year Perspective for Walking Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 112

Table 67: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Canes by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 113

Table 68: World Historic Review for Canes by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for
Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 114

Table 69: World 15-Year Perspective for Canes by geographic
Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 115

Table 70: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Crutches by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 116

Table 71: World Historic Review for Crutches by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for
Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 117

Table 72: World 15-Year Perspective for Crutches by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 118

Table 73: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Walkers by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 119

Table 74: World Historic Review for Walkers by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for
Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 120

Table 75: World 15-Year Perspective for Walkers by Geographic
Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 121

Table 76: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 122

Table 77: World Historic Review for Bathroom Aids by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 123

Table 78: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 124

Table 79: World Historic Review for Bathroom Aids by Product
Segment - Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 125

Table 80: World 15-Year Perspective for Bathroom Aids by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 126

Table 81: World 15-Year Perspective for Bathroom Aids by
Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 127

Table 82: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Commode Chairs by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 128

Table 83: World Historic Review for Commode Chairs by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 129

Table 84: World 15-Year Perspective for Commode Chairs by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 130

Table 85: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Shower Chairs by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 131

Table 86: World Historic Review for Shower Chairs by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 132

Table 87: World 15-Year Perspective for Shower Chairs by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 133

11. THE UNITED STATES 134
A.Market Analysis 134
Current & Future Analysis 134
In Value Terms 134
In Volume Terms 134
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids Market - A Profile 134
Aging Population Fans Demand for Ambulatory Aids 135
Key Trends Sparks off Business in the US Patient and
Mobility Aids Space 135
Growing Medical Rehabilitation Gears Up the New Age Patient
& Mobility aids 136
Home Healthcare Market 136
Competitive Scenario 136
Table 88: Leading Canes Supplier in the US Ambulatory Aids
Market (2010): Percentage Share Breakdown of Value Sales
for Medline, Invacare, Lumex, and Others (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 137
Product Launches 137
Strategic Corporate Developments 138
Key Players 139
B.Market Analytics 144
Table 89: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult
[Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 144

Table 90: US Historic Review for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids,
and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 145

Table 91: US 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Value
Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids
[Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode
Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 146

Table 92: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 147

Table 93: US Historic Review for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids,
and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 148

Table 94: US 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Volume
Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids
[Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode
Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 149

12. CANADA 150
A.Market Analysis 150
Current & Future Analysis 150
In Value Terms 150
In Volume Terms 150
Market Overview 150
Causes of Disability - A Review 151
Table 95: Consumer Profile of Mobility Support Devices in
Canada: Percentage Breakdown of Users by Cause of
Disability (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 151
Home Care Industry - A Profile 151
Strong Market Worldwide in Home Care Products 152
Heavy Dependence on Imports 152
B.Market Analytics 153
Table 96: Canadian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 153

Table 97: Canadian Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 154

Table 98: Canadian 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 155

Table 99: Canadian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 156

Table 100: Canadian Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 157

Table 101: Canadian 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 158

13. JAPAN 159
A.Market Analysis 159
Current & Future Analysis 159
In Value Terms 159
In Volume Terms 159
Homecare Healthcare Industry - A Profile 159
B.Market Analytics 160
Table 102: Japanese Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 160

Table 103: Japanese Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 161

Table 104: Japanese 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 162

Table 105: Japanese Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 163

Table 106: Japanese Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 164

Table 107: Japanese 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 165

14. EUROPE 166
A.Market Analysis 166
Current & Future Analysis 166
In Value Terms 166
Analysis by Region 166
Analysis by Segment 166
In Volume Terms 166
Analysis by Region 166
Analysis by Segment 166
Trends in the European Mobility Aids and Associated
Paramedical Products 166
Growth Fuelled by Aging Population 167
Table 108: Leading Players in the European Walking Aids
Market (2010): Percentage Breakdown of Sales for Rebotec,
Ato-Form, Sunrise Medical, Homecraft, and Others (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 167
B.Market Analytics 168
Table 109: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region -
France, Germany, Italy, UK, and Rest of Europe Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 168

Table 110: European Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy,
UK, and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through
2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 169

Table 111: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 170

Table 112: European Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 171

Table 113: European 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, and Rest of
Europe Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 172

Table 114: European 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 173

Table 115: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region -
France, Germany, Italy, UK, and Rest of Europe Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2009 through 2017 174

Table 116: European Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy,
UK, and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2003
through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 175

Table 117: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 176

Table 118: European Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 177

Table 119: European 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, and Rest of
Europe Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 178

Table 120: European 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 179

14a. FRANCE 180
A.Market Analysis 180
Current & Future Analysis 180
In Value Terms 180
In Volume Terms 180
B.Market Analytics 181
Table 121: French Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult
[Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 181

Table 122: French Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 182

Table 123: French 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 183

Table 124: French Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 184

Table 125: French Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 185

Table 126: French 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 186

14b. GERMANY 187
A.Market Analysis 187
Current & Future Analysis 187
In Value Terms 187
In Volume Terms 187
Home Healthcare Industry - A Profile 187
Key Market Drivers 187
Key Players 188
B.Market Analytics 190
Table 127: German Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult
[Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 190

Table 128: German Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 191

Table 129: German 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 192

Table 130: German Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 193

Table 131: German Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 194

Table 132: German 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 195

14c. ITALY 196
A.Market Analysis 196
Current & Future Analysis 196
In Value Terms 196
In Volume Terms 196
B.Market Analytics 197
Table 133: Italian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 197

Table 134: Italian Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 198

Table 135: Italian 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 199

Table 136: Italian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 200

Table 137: Italian Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 201

Table 138: Italian 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode hairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 202

14d. THE UNITED KINGDOM 203
A.Market Analysis 203
Current & Future Analysis 203
In Value Terms 203
In Volume Terms 203
Product Launch 203
Key Players 204
B.Market Analytics 206
Table 139: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
hairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult
[Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 206

Table 140: UK Historic Review for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids,
and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 207

Table 141: UK 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and
Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and
Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 208

Table 142: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory
Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and
Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower
Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 209

Table 143: UK Historic Review for Ambulatory and Bathroom
Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids,
and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 210

Table 144: UK 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of
Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking
Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids
(Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years 2003,
2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 211

14e. REST OF EUROPE 212
A.Market Analysis 212
Current & Future Analysis 212
In Value Terms 212
In Volume Terms 212
B.Market Analytics 213
Table 145: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory & Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 213

Table 146: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 214

Table 147: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown
of Value Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient
Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury],
Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 215

Table 148: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 216

Table 149: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 217

Table 150: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown
of Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years
2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 218

15. ASIA-PACIFIC 219
A.Market Analysis 219
Current & Future Analysis 219
In Value Terms 219
In Volume Terms 219
Key Players 219
B.Market Analytics 220
Table 151: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory & Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 220

Table 152: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 221

Table 153: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown
of Value Sales for - Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient
Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury],
Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 222

Table 154: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 223

Table 155: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 224

Table 156: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown
of Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years
2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 225

16. LATIN AMERICA 226
A.Market Analysis 226
Current & Future Analysis 226
In Value Terms 226
In Volume Terms 226
B.Market Analytics 227
Table 157: Latin American Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory & Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 227

Table 158: Latin American Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 228

Table 159: Latin American 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage BreaMkdown
of Value Sales for - Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient
Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury],
Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 229

Table 160: Latin American Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 230

Table 161: Latin American Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 231

Table 162: Latin American 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown
of Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years
2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 232

17. REST OF WORLD 233
A.Market Analysis 233
Current & Future Analysis 233
In Value Terms 233
In Volume Terms 233
B.Market Analytics 234
Table 163: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory & Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs)
and Patient Seating and Positioning Aids
(Adult [Spinal Cord Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric)
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) 234

Table 164: Rest of World Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and
Patient Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord
Injury], Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 235

Table 165: Rest of World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown
of Value Sales for - Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs)
and Patient
Seating and Positioning Aids (Adult [Spinal Cord Injury],
Pediatric, and Geriatric) Markets for Years 2003, 2010 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 236

Table 166: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Ambulatory and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment -
Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes,
Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs,
and Shower Chairs) Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Units for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 237

Table 167: Rest of World Historic Review for Ambulatory and
Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Ambulatory Aids (Standing
Aids, and Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and
Bathroom Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Units for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) 238

Table 168: Rest of World 15-Year Perspective for Ambulatory
and Bathroom Aids by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown
of Volume Sales for Ambulatory Aids (Standing Aids, and
Walking Aids [Canes, Crutches, and Walkers])
and Bathroom
Aids (Commode Chairs, and Shower Chairs) Markets for Years
2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 239

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

Total Companies Profiled: 193 (including Divisions/Subsidiaries - 256)

------------------------------------------
Region/Country Players
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The United States 100
Canada 18
Japan 5
Europe 100
France 7
Germany 27
The United Kingdom 15
Italy 10
Spain 2
Rest of Europe 39
Asia-Pacific (Excluding Japan) 25
Latin America 2
Africa 2
Middle East 4
------------------------------------------