Contents:

Summary & Overview Introduction Terrorism & sabotage in the US Report structure Terrorism In the Energy Sector Introduction US petroleum industry US natural gas supplies US power grid US nuclear facilities Conclusions Measuring Energy Infrastructure Risk Introduction Role of the FBI Evaluating risk RAM-D Model Hazard and operability study (HAZOP) Failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) Event tree analysis (ETA) & Fault tree analysis (FTA) Traditional Security Responses Introduction Government policy & recommendations Preventing intrusion The Importance of building design Conclusions Human Resources, Planning & Procedure Introduction Incident planning Conclusions Legal and Regulatory Issues Introduction Obstacles to Information Sharing Examples of information sharing partnerships Legislative initiatives to encourage information sharing Findings and conclusions Nuclear Plant Security Introduction Calculating and responding to nuclear risks NRC security program review Conclusions Cyber Security Introduction Recent developments Common system vulnerabilities Conclusions Case Studies Introduction Case Study 1 - El Paso pipeline rupture ruptures market Case Study 2 - Bhopal India, the high price of industrial “sabotage” Case Study 3 – Cantor Fitzgerald... a firm carries on Case Study 4 - Cano Limon Pipeline: the cost of chronic terror Conclusions Recommendations & Conclusions Introduction Ways to improve safety, security & reliability Policy recommendations and action points Recommendation 1 – energy security summit Recommendation 2 – State energy analysis Recommendation 3 – deployment of new technology Recommendation 4 – federal funding Recommendation 5 – development of localized generation Preparing for an uncertain future Appendix 1 – Additional “IT” Recommendations Windows vulnerabilities Top vulnerabilities to Unix systems Appendix 2 - Sources TABLES Table 1: Terror Attack History 1920 - 1993 Table 2: Terror Attack History 1995-1997 Table 3: Terror Attack History 2000 - 2001 Table 4: Security costs & their impact on the economy Table 5: US Refineries & Refining Capacities, 1987 - 2004 Table 6: Guideword examples Table 7: Natural Gas Prices Topock, AZ –(CA border) 1995-2000 ($/mmbtu) Table 8: Sources and contributors FIGURES Figure 1: US Strategic Petroleum Reserve Locations Figure 2: NERC Regions Figure 3: US Electric Utility Receipts by NERC Region, 1995 - 1999 Figure 4: US Nuclear Reactor Sites Figure 5: Concrete Safety Shape Profiles Figure 6: Concrete Strengths & Tolerances Figure 7: Portable Concrete Barriers Figure 8: Profile of Electric Power System Figure 9: West Coast Natural Gas Supply System Figure 10: Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline & Delivery Capacity into California Figure 11: Union Carbide Stock Price, Nov 1984 – January 31, 1985 Figure 12: Map of Colombia