Stationary Fuel Cell Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2006 to 2012
Wintergreen Research, Inc, September 2006, Pages: 710
Industrialization Requires Sustainable, Highly Efficient Energy.
Stationary fuel cell company analysis indicates that markets targeted, cost targets, and power ratings have enormous similarity between companies. Generally the target cost is $300 per Kilowatt and the current cost is $4,500 per Kilowatt.
Economies of scale and new materials are needed to bring the units within target costs. With the cost of crude oil climbing toward $100 per barrel, it really does not matter what the cost of the fuel cell is, people need to start buying and using them. They provide energy independence off grid, cogeneration of heat, air conditioning, and electricity, and operate in a manner that is more environmentally appropriate.
NETL anticipates eventual mass-production of fuel cells from solid ceramic materials, dramatically reducing costs. Trial installations have moved to provide incentive to invest in the stationary fuel cell market as it begins to mature.
Industrialization requires sustainable, highly efficient energy. Fossil fuel generation needs to be replaced by clean, renewable energy. Fuel cells run on hydrogen that in turn needs to be manufactured. Hydrogen can be manufactured from nuclear, wind, and solar power. Nuclear power run at 100% capacity can be used to generate hydrogen with the unused electricity. Stationary fuel cells promise to use that energy stored as hydrogen.
For homeowners seeking true electrical grid independence, SOFC micro-power plants take away the dependence and limitations of the electric distribution grid, in a remote standalone package that can also provide heat for the home. This lets the homeowner live just about anywhere, in the mountains or deep woods, in the desert or on an island. Fuel cells run on hydrogen that in turn needs to be manufactured. Hydrogen can be manufactured from wastewater treatment plants, landfill gasses, nuclear, wind, and solar power. Stationary fuel cells promise to use that temporary energy stored as hydrogen.
Because hydrogen can be manufactured from landfill and wastewater treatment plants, many units are being located close to those energy sources. Giving fuel for stationary campus fuel cell units is a priority. Nuclear energy is also used to generate hydrogen from its excess capacity. The reactors in the world used for nuclear electricity generation in 2005 created 2,626 billion kilowatts of energy.
Stationary fuel cells are being implemented as cogeneration units that produce electricity and heat. They can also be used as air conditioners. United Technologies PureComfort™ systems consist of four, five or six 60kW microturbines and a doubleeffect absorption chiller / heater from United Technologies sister company Carrier Corporation, a global leader in building heating, cooling, and control networks. These systems can reach efficiencies up to 90 percent and are operating in a wide variety of commercial buildings.
The UTC Power PureCell™ 200 has operated in 19 countries, delivering clean, highly efficient power to end users. Clean and energy-efficient, the PureCell™ 200 is a combined heat and power unit that produces 200kW of electricity and up to 925,000 BTU/hr of heat. With the capacity to operate grid-connected or grid-independent, it transitions power instantaneously with no interruption in service.
The system meets the strictest emission standards and operates quietly on site. Globally, UTC Power has installed more than 275 PureCell™ 200 units with more than 1 billion kilowatt hours of operating time. The PureCell™ 200 has an overall efficiency of 90 percent in combined heat and power mode, compared with 30 percent for the electric grid. Because power is generated onsite, transmission losses are avoided.
As the dollars per kilowatt for stationary fuel cell utility units decline to $4,500 in 2009, markets start to pick up with grid utility power company units shipped.
The stationary fuel cell markets at $98 million have been at stasis for several years, due to the high cost per kilowatt that is not competitive with existing utility technology. As the price of fuel rises, environmental concerns become more compelling, and demand for reliability more intense, the markets become more mature.
This is because the demand picks up for reliable units that can run on hydrogen from excess electricity generated by wind power. Solar power begins to be a factor as well, with nanotechnology breakthroughs giving solar photovoltaic power a cost competitive position in the energy chain. Fuel cells are needed to level out the power distribution. Wind power is plentiful in the ocean, and can be used to generate electricity there, that can be transmitted to reforming stations where the electricity is stored as hydrogen for use in stationary fuel cells used by utility companies.
2-megawatt fuel cell power plants demonstrate the feasibility of fuel cell research. Monitoring and down time to replace parts are issues. More work needs to be done to reduce the costs and develop a better catalyst to drive machines. Research is concentrated on making units smaller and easier to use.
For homeowners seeking true electrical grid independence, residential PEM and SOFC micro-power plants take away the dependence and limitations of the electric distribution grid, in a remote standalone package that can also provide heat for the home. This lets the homeowner live just about anywhere, in the mountains or deep woods, in the desert or on an island.
Planning for disasters is part of large enterprise risk analysis. Quarantine in the event of a pandemic may go on for a while, so companies may be willing to pay for residential fuel cells to support business in isolation so people can work at home.
Fuel cells run on hydrogen that in turn needs to be manufactured. Hydrogen can be manufactured from wastewater treatment plants, landfill gasses, nuclear, wind, and solar power. Stationary fuel cells promise to use that temporary energy stored as hydrogen.
Total stationary fuel cell markets at $98.6 million in 2005 are comprised of revenue from trials that are being put in place, with market acceptance a certainty and timing dependent on price performance improvements. Markets are expected to reach $16.98 billion by 2012.
In the stationary power market, fuel cells could become competitive if they reach an installed cost of $1,500 or less per kilowatt. Companies aim to decrease costs to $400 per kilowatt in that time frame. The cost is in the $4,000+ range per kilowatt in 2005. In the automobile sector, a competitive cost is on the order of $60 - $100 per kilowatt, a much more stringent criterion.
Key Topics
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Development
Market for Continued Fuel Cell Commercialization
Fuel Cell Operation
Fuel Environmental Issues
Power of a Fuel Cell
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology
On Grid and Off Grid Issues
Impact of Deregulation
Fuel Cell Issues
Fuel Cell Reliability
Laws and Regulations
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC)
Stationary Power Applications
Methodology
This is the 282nd report in a series of market research reports that provide forecasts in communications, telecommunications, the internet, computer, software, telephone equipment, health equipment, and energy. The project leaders take direct responsibility for writing and preparing each report. They have significant experience preparing industry studies. Forecasts are based on primary research and proprietary data bases. Forecasts reflect analysis of the market trends in the segment and related segments. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzed through consideration of dollar volume of each market participation in the segment. Installed base analysis and unit analysis is based on Interviews and an information search. Market share analysis includes conversations with key customers of products, industry segment leaders, marketing directors, distributors, leading market participants, opinion leaders, and companies seeking to develop measurable market share. Over 200 in depth interviews are conducted for each report with a broad range of key participants and industry leaders in the market segment. We establish accurate market forecasts based on economic and market conditions as a base. Use input/output ratios, flow charts, and other economic methods to quantify data. Use in-house analysts who meet stringent quality standards. Interviewing key industry participants, experts and end-users. Our research includes access to large proprietary databases. Literature search includes analysis of trade publications, government reports, and corporate literature.
STATIONARY FUEL CELL EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1
Industrialization Requires Sustainable, Highly Efficient Energy
Fuel Cell Cogeneration
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Development
Stationary Fuel Cell Growth
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares
Worldwide Stationary Fuel Cell Market Share Analysis For Campus and Residential Markets
Stationary Fuel Cells Market Forecasts
Market for Continued Fuel Cell Commercialization
On Grid and Off Grid Issues
PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) Fuel Cell Modules
1. STATIONARY FUEL CELL MARKET DYNAMICS AND MARKET DESCRIPTION
1.1 Industrialization Requires Sustainable, Highly Efficient Energy
1.1.1 Fuel Cell Cogeneration
1.1.2 Stationary Fuel Cells Address Global Energy Challenge
1.1.3 Petroleum
1.2 Value of Export Market Electricity
1.3 Fuel Cell Operation
1.3.1 Fuel Cells Definition
1.3.2 Fuel Cell Insulating Nature of the Electrolyte
1.3.3 Inconsistency of Cell Performance
1.3.4 Fuel Cell Performance Improvements
1.3.5 Transition to Hydrogen
1.4 Fuel Environmental Issues
1.4.1 Environmental Benefits of Using Fuel Cell Technology
1.4.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
1.5 Battery Description
1.6 Fuel Cell Functional Characteristics
1.7 Water in a Fuel Cell System
1.8 Power of a Fuel Cell
1.8.1 Gas Control
1.8.2 Temperature Control
1.9 Fuel Cell Converts Chemical Energy Directly Into Electricity and Heat
1.9.1 Types of Fuel Cells
1.10 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology
1.10.1 Types of Fuel Cells
1.10.2 Alkaline Fuel Cells
1.10.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
1.10.4 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
1.10.5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
1.10.6 PEM Technology
1.10.7 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
1.10.8 PEM Fuel Cells
1.10.9 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
1.10.10 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Membranes and Catalysts
1.10.11 Common Types Of Fuel Cells
1.11 Stationary Power Applications
1.11.1 Traditional Utility Electricity Generation
1.12 On Grid and Off Grid Issues
1.12.1 Stationary Public or Commercial Buildings Fuel Cell Market
1.12.2 Distributed Power Generation
1.13 Impact of Deregulation
1.13.1 Excess Domestic Capacity
1.13.2 Power Failures
1.14 Fuel Cell Issues
1.14.1 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
1.14.2 Fuel Cell Workings
1.14.3 Environmental Benefits of Fuel Cells
1.14.4 Fuel-To-Electricity Efficiency
1.15 Boilers
1.15.1 Domestic Hot Water
1.15.2 Space Heating Loops
1.15.3 Absorption Cooling Thermal Loads
1.16 Fuel Cell Reliability
1.16.1 Power Quality
1.16.2 Licensing Schedules
1.16.3 Modularity
1.17 Fuel Cell Supply Infrastructure
1.18 AFC Fuel Cells
1.19 Laws and Regulations
1.19.1 National Hydrogen Association
1.19.2 Military Solutions
2. STATIONARY FUEL CELL MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS
2.1 Stationary Fuel Cells Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
2.1.1 Stationary Fuel Cells Market
2.1.2 Fuel Cells Portable Market
2.1.3 Fuel Cells Transportation Market
2.1.4 Worldwide Stationary Fuel Cell Market Growth Drivers
2.2 Fuel Cell Market Forecasts
2.2.1 Fuel Cell Home Power (1 to 50 kW)
2.2.2 Fuel Cell Campus Institutional Power (100 Kw To 5 Mw)
2.2.3 Fuel Cell Remote Power (100 Kw-5 Mw)
2.3 Utility SOFC and Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC)
2.3.1 Utility and SOFC and Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Market Shares
2.3.2 United Technologies NASA Manned Space Flight
2.3.3 United Technologies / UTC Power
2.3.4 United Technologies Commercial Building PureComfort
2.3.5 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) Utility Market Forecasts
2.3.6 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Market Analysis: High Temperature PEM / Low temperature PAFCs
2.3.7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Market Participants
2.3.8 Siemens Westinghouse Power SOFC
2.3.9 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries SOFC
2.4 GE SECA Fuel Cell Development Program
2.4.1 Fuel Cell Energy Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Design
2.4.2 Fuel Cell Technologies Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System
2.4.3 Fuel Cell Technologies Strategic Relationship with Siemens and Toto
2.4.4 Delphi SOFC
2.4.5 SOFCo-EFS Multilayer, Planar SOFC Stack
2.4.6 ZTEK
2.4.7 Ion America SOFC
2.5 SOFC Grid Utility Stationary Fuel Cell Power
2.5.1 United Technologies UTC Power SOFC Fuel Cells
2.5.2 Siemens Stack Design Increases Power Density
2.5.3 Siemens SECA Program Schedule
2.5.4 Siemens SECA Phase 2
2.5.5 Siemens SECA Phase 3
2.5.6 Siemens Power Generation Tubular SOFC Technology
2.5.7 GE SECA Fuel Cell Prototype System
2.5.8 Rolls Royce SOFC Stationary Fuel Cell System
2.5.9 SOFC Commercial Building Fuel Cells
2.5.10 Inexpensive 5-kW SOFC On A 5-Year Horizon?
2.6 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
2.6.1 Molten Carbonate Uses Nickel and Stainless Steel as Core Technology
2.6.2 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Market Forecasts
2.7 PEM Fuel Cell Technology
2.8 Plug Power Systems
2.8.1 Plug Power PEM
2.8.2 Plug Power GenCore
2.8.3 Plug Power GenCore® Telecommunications Systems
2.8.4 Plug Power GenSys
2.8.5 PEM Stationary Fuel Cell Systems
2.8.6 Telecom Fuel Cell Back Up Power Systems
2.8.7 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Backup Power Market Forecasts
2.8.8 Government Support for Fuel Cell Technology
2.8.9 PEMFC Efficiency
2.8.10 Challenges for PEMFC Systems
2.8.11 Operating Pressure
2.8.12 Long Term Operation
2.8.13 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Multiple Dwelling Unit Market Forecasts
2.8.14 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Residential Market Forecasts
2.9 PEM Manufacturers of North America
2.10 MCFC, SOFC, PEMFC Projected Cost Long Term
2.11 Stationary Fuel Cells Strengths and Weaknesses
2.12 Fuel Cell Return on Investment Analysis
2.13 Addressable Market
2.14 Fuel Cell Market Regional Analysis
2.14.1 Fuel Cells California
2.14.2 Fuel Cells U.S.
2.14.3 U.S. Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance SECA
2.14.4 U.S. Boston Area Acumentrics, Cell Tech Power, Protonex Technology of Southborough, Ztek in Woburn, and Cambridge sister companies TIAX and Nuvera Fuel Cells
2.14.5 Fuel Cells Canada
2.14.6 Fuel Cells in Canada
2.14.7 Fuel Cells Canada
2.14.8 Fuel Cells Japan
2.14.9 New Energy Foundation Project (NEF) and The Japan Gas Association Matsushita Electric
2.14.10 Sales Prospects Japan
2.14.11 New Sunshine Project (Japan)
2.14.12 Fuel Cell Development in Japan
2.14.13 Fuel Cell Cogeneration in Japan
2.14.14 Tokyo-Based JGA Millennium Program,
2.14.15 Japanese Government Subsidies in 2006
2.14.16 Fuel Cell Cogeneration in Japan
2.14.17 Establishing Codes and Standards Are Very Important For Advancing Fuel Cell Systems in Japan
2.14.18 Fuel Cells Germany
2.14.19 EPRI Strategic Planning
2.14.20 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Scenarios: Fuel Prices and Environmental Mitigation Costs High
2.14.21 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Scenarios: Evolution of Fuel Prices and CO2 Costs
2.15 Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Prices
3. STATIONARY FUEL CELL PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
3.1 Phosphoric Acid Utility Fuel Cells
3.2 UTC Powers Largest U.S. Commercial Fuel Cell System Long Island Call Center & Administration Building With Electricity and Heat Cogeneration
3.2.1 UTC Power PureCell™ 200 power solution
3.2.2 UTC Power PureCell Environmentally Sound Design
3.2.3 UTC Power PureCell™ 200
3.2.4 UTC Power Solution Benefits
3.2.5 UTC Power PureComfort™ Power Solution
3.2.6 UTC Power Sustainability
3.2.7 UTC Power Environmental Stewardship
3.2.8 UTC Power Stationary Fuel Cell
3.2.9 UTC Power PureCell™ Solution Heat for Cogeneration Applications
3.2.10 UTC Power PureCell™ Continuous Power During Grid Outages
3.2.11 UTC Power PureComfort™ Solution
3.2.12 UTC Power PureComfort™ Hotel
3.2.13 UTC Power EPA and DOE Fuel Cell Sites
3.2.14 Fuel Cells In New York Power Grid
3.2.15 United Technologies PureCell™ 200 Fuel Cell Power Solution
3.2.16 United Technologie s PureCell™ 200 Fuel Cell Power Solution
3.2.17 UTC Power, United Technologies PureComfort™ Combined Cooling, Heating And Power
3.2.18 UTC Power, United Technologies Kaiser Permanente, a US Health Maintenance Organization four PureComfort PC25s
3.3 Fuji Electric Company PAFC
3.3.1 Fuji Electric
3.4 Mitsubishi Electric PAFC
3.5 Toshiba Stationary Fuel Cell PAFC
3.6 Toshiba IFC
3.6.1 UTC and Toshiba
3.7 Matsushita Electric PEFC
3.8 HydroGen llc2 MW Power Island, Built up from 5 Identical 400 kW Modules PAFC
3.8.1 Westinghouse 400 kW Modules
3.9 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
3.9.1 Complete Fuel Cell Stacks
3.9.2 SOFC Significant Advantages
3.9.3 All-Ceramic Interconnect for Use in Solid -Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks
3.9.4 SOFC Interconnect Fabrication Processes
3.9.5 SOFC Fuel Cells Operate At Low Voltages Stacked In Series to Produce Usable Power
3.9.6 Material Cosintered With the Main Body of The Laminated Structure
3.9.7 A Seal Material Around The Perimeter Of The Cells
3.10 Siemens Power Generation Stationary Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
3.10.1 Siemens Stack Design Increases Power Density
3.10.2 Siemens Power Generation Tubular SOFC Technology
3.10.3 Siemens Power Generation Tubular SOFC Technology
3.10.4 Siemens Power Generation Tubular SOFC Technology
3.10.5 Siemens Benefits and Features of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Technology
3.10.6 Siemens Power Generation SOFC Product Commercialization Cogeneration System
3.10.7 Siemens Next Generation SOFC SECA - Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance
3.10.8 Siemens SOFC Power Generation System in the 3-10 Kw Range
3.10.9 Siemens Power Generation Develops Low Cost Cathode Material
3.10.10 Siemens Stack Design Increases Power Density
3.10.11 Siemens Westinghouse / Fuel Cell Technologies Strategic Partnership
3.11 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries SOFC
3.11.1 PEFC for household use
3.12 GE SECA Fuel Cell Development Program
3.13 GE and Delphi Meet Stack Cost Goal
3.13.1 GE SOFC System
3.13.2 GE Megawatt Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)-Coal Based Power System
3.13.3 GE Hydrogen Energy
3.13.4 GE Hydrogen Energy Research Focus
3.13.5 GE Energy Distribution & Storage
3.13.6 GE Hydrogen End Use:
3.14 FuelCell Energy Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Design
3.14.1 FuelCell Energy Stack
3.14.2 FuelCell Energy Sheraton Installation
3.14.3 FuelCell Energy 250- kilowatt
3.14.4 FuelCell Energy: Japan Represents a Significant Market
3.14.5 Fuel Cell Energy
3.14.6 FuelCell Energy Direct FuelCells
3.14.7 FuelCell Energy 300 kW Single Stack DFC Power Plant
3.15 Fuel Cell Technologies Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System
3.15.1 Fuel Cell Technologies Strategic Relationship with Siemens and Toto
3.15.2 Fuel Cell Technologies Alpha 5kW
3.15.3 TOTO / Fuel Cell Technologies Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Strategic Relationship
3.16 Delphi SOFC
3.16.1 Delphi Developmental Fuel-Flexible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power System
3.17 SOFCo-EFS Multilayer, Planar SOFC stack
3.17.1 SOFCo Commercial Targets For Cost and Performance
3.17.2 SOFCo All-Ceramic Interconnect for Use in Solid -Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks
3.18 SOFCo-EFS
3.18.1 SOFCo-EFS Co-Flow Multi-Layer Ceramic MLC Interconnect
3.18.2 SOFCo-EFS 5-Cell Co-Flow Stack
3.18.3 SOFCo-EFS Commercial Scale Stack
3.18.4 McDermott International / SOFCo -EFS
3.18.5 SOFCo-EFS
3.19 Acumentrics Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
3.19.1 Acumentrics Small Tubes
3.19.2 Acumentrics Planar Fuel Cells
3.19.3 Acumentrics Sealing as a Design Issue
3.19.4 Acumentrics Tubular SOFC System
3.19.5 Acumentrics Micro -Chp Joint Development Agreement in Europe with MTS Group
3.19.6 Acumentrics 5kw SOFC Fuel Cell System
3.19.7 Acumentrics Clean Quiet Fuel Cell Power for Distributed Generation
3.19.8 Acumentrics Fuel Cell Systems
3.20 CellTech Power SOFC
3.21 Ztek Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
3.21.1 ZTEK EHVAC™ System
3.21.2 ZTEK Integrated SOFC and Absorption Chiller/Heater:
3.22 Delavan Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
3.22.1 Delavan SECA Fuel Cell Development Program
3.23 Ion America SOFC
3.23.1 Ion America Fuel Cell
3.23.2 Ion America Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Power Paradigm
3.24 Rolls Royce Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell System (SOFC) and Fuel Cells.
3.24.1 RR Converts Waste Heat Into Electricity
3.24.2 Rolls Royce Solid -Oxide Fuel Cell System
3.24.3 Rolls Royce Solid -Oxide Fuel Cell Megawatt Scale, Stationary Power System
3.24.4 Rolls Royce Fuel Cell System
3.25 Proton Exchange Membrane PEM Fuel Cell
3.26 Ballard Power Systems PEM
3.26.1 Ballard Prototypes of Third Generation Long-life Fuel Cell for Residential Cogeneration
3.26.2 Ballard Power Systems and Ebara Ballard First Generation Pre -Commercial 1kw Stationary Combined Heat and Power Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Generator
3.26.3 Ebara Ballard Commercialization of Fuel Cell Cogeneration
3.26.4 Ebara Ballard Stationary Reduced Cost and Increased Durability to a Targeted Lifetime of 40,000 Hours
3.26.5 Ballard / Ebara Cogeneration Fuel Cell Stack
3.26.6 Ballard 1 Kw Combined Heat and Power Cogeneration Fuel Cell Stack
3.27 Plug Power PEM
3.27.1 Plug Power GenCore
3.27.2 Plug Power GenCore® Telecommunications Systems
3.27.3 Plug Power GenSys
3.27.4 Plug Power Home Energy Station
3.27.5 Plug Power GenSite
3.27.6 Plug Power GenDrive
3.27.7 Plug Power Agreements With Honda For Next Phase Of Home Energy Station And R&D Collaboration
3.27.8 Plug Power / Honda On -Site Hydrogen Generation
3.27.9 Plug Power / Honda Home Refueling
3.27.10 Plug Power and Ballard Power Systems Advanced PEM Fuel Cell System
3.27.11 Plug Power Five-Kilowatt Fuel Cell
3.27.12 General Hydrogen PEM Hydricity® Pack Power Systems
3.27.13 General Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hydricity® Packs
3.28 ReliOn Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
3.29 ReliOn PEM Fuel Cell
3.30 IdaTech PEM
3.30.1 IdaTech I-1000® 1kW PEM Fuel Cell
3.31 Hoku Scientific / SANYO PEM
3.32 Nuvera Fuel Cells PEM 3-164
3.32.1 Nuvera Fuel Cells Multi-Fuel Reforming 3-165
3.32.2 Nuvera Fuel Cells Avanti(TM) Fuel Cell Power Module Used By Japan Gas Association (JGA)
3.33 Protonex (PEM)
3.33.1 Protonex High Performance
3.33.2 Protonex Delivered "P1" to the U.S. Military
3.33.3 Protonex Power Platforms Products
3.34 Sanyo Electric PEM
3.34.1 Sanyo / Hoku
3.35 Alkaline Fuel Cell
3.35.1 Alkaline Electrolyte
3.35.2 Astris Energi Alkaline Fuel Cell
3.35.3 Astris Fuel Cell Units Positioned To Begin Pilot Production Of Next -Generation AFC at its Czech Republic
3.35.4 Astris Energi POWERSTACK(tm) MC250 Product for Queen`s-RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre
3.35.5 Astris Energi Fuel Cells, Generator and Test Equipment for Electronic Machining s.r.l.
3.35.6 Astris Energi
3.35.7 Astris Energi Powerstack™ MC250
3.35.8 AFC Power Generators
3.35.9 AFC Test Equipment
3.35.10 Astris Applications
3.35.11 Astris Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) Applications
3.35.12 Astris Energi E8 Portable Generator
3.35.13 GreenVOLT™ 6 Watt Mini Alkaline Fuel Cell
3.35.14 GreenVOLT™
3.35.15 GreenVOLT™ SAM-Cell
3.36 Apollo Energy Systems
3.37 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
3.38 CFC-MTU Solutions (German part of Daimler Chrysler / MTU) MCFC
3.38.1 MTU CFC Technological Partnership Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
3.38.2 MTU Fuel Cells Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) HotModule®
3.38.3 Technology of the MTU HotModule®
3.38.4 Components of the MTU HotModule® Fuel Cell Power Plant
3.38.5 Fuel Cell Module
3.38.6 Media Supply Module
3.38.7 Inverter and Controls Module
3.38.8 CFC-MTU Solutions (German part of Daimler Chrysler / MTU)
3.38.9 CFC MTU HotModule® Local Heating Systems
3.39 Deutsches Zentrum
3.40 Gaskatel
3.41 Oy Hydrocell
3.42 ZAO Independent Power Technologies
3.43 Nanoparticle Materials
3.44 Five Star Technologies Nanoparticle Materials
3.44.1 Five Star Technologies Energy/Industrial
3.44.2 Five Star Technologies Catalysis
3.45 Zinc Fuel Cell. ZAFC
3.46 Powerair ZAFC
3.46.1 Power Air Stationary and Back-Up Power
3.46.2 Power Air OEM
3.47 CTP Hydrogen
3.48 Ovonic Fuel Cell
4. STATIONARY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
4.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Company Analysis: Markets They Are Targeting, Power Ratings, And Cost Targets
4.1.1 Acal Energy
4.1.2 Acumentrics
4.1.3 Agni
4.1.4 AIR LIQUIDE / Axane Fuel Cell Systems
4.1.5 Ansaldo Fuel Cells SpA-AFC
4.1.6 Astris Energi
4.1.7 Ballard Power Systems
4.1.8 CellTech Power
4.1.9 CFC-MTU Solutions (German part of Daimler Chrysler / MTU)
4.1.10 Delphi
4.1.11 FuelCell Energy
4.1.12 Fuel Cell Technologies Strategic Relationship with Siemens and Toto
4.1.13 Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd
4.1.14 Fuel Cell Technologies
4.1.15 Five Star Technologies
4.1.16 Fuji Electric Company PAFC
4.1.17 GE
4.1.18 General Hydrogen
4.1.19 GreenVOLT
4.1.20 HydroGen llc
4.1.21 IdaTech I-1000® 1kW PEM Fuel Cell
4.1.22 Ion America
4.1.23 Matsushita Electric and Industrial Co., Ltd PEFC
4.1.24 MesoGen
4.1.25 Plug Power
4.1.26 Power Air
4.1.27 Protonex
4.1.28 ReliOn
4.1.29 Siemens
4.1.30 Siemens Westinghouse
4.1.31 SOFCo
4.1.32 Sulzer Hexis
4.1.33 TOTO 4-23
4.1.34 United Technologies UTC Power
4.1.35 Westinghouse / Siemens
4.1.36 ZTEK
4.2 Cost-Effective and Efficient Generation of Electricity, Heat and Air Conditioning
4.3 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Applications
4.4 Fuel Cell Operation
4.4.1 Fuel Cells Generate Electrical Power as Backup Technologies
4.5 Fuel Cell South Africa (SA) Platinum
4.5.1 Impala Platinum
4.5.2 Anglo Platinum
4.6 Conventional Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Work
4.7 How-SOFC Works
4.8 Battery Function
4.8.1 Ballard Secures Us$40 Million Carbon Fiber Materials Contract Extension with Major
Automakers
4.9 Roadmap On Manufacturing R&D For The Hydrogen Economy
4.10 California Stationary Fuel Cell Collaborative
4.10.1 California Stationary Fuel Cell Collaborative Benchmarking Focus
4.11 Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA)
4.11.1 U.S. Department of Energy's Solid State Energy Conversation Alliance (SECA)
4.12 SECA Program at the National Technical Energy Laboratory
4.12.1 Altergy Systems
4.12.2 FuelCell Energy (FCE)
4.12.3 IdaTech
4.12.4 Plug Power
4.12.5 UTC Power
4.12.6 California Hydrogen Highway Network, ARB
4.13 Elements of The California Hydrogen Highway Network Program:
4.14 Clean Energy Group
4.15 Energy Efficient Technology from UTC Power
4.15.1 UTC Power Ritz-Carlton, San Francisco PureComfort™ 240M
4.16 Collaborative Effort by Many People
4.16.1 Participants in the California Hydrogen Highway Network
4.17 Hydrogen
4.18 Queen's Fuel Cell Team (QFCT)
4.18.1 Queen's -RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre (FCRC)
4.18.2 Materials and Manufacturing Ontario (MMO)
4.19 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC)
4.19.1 U.S. Department of Navy DoN Program on Hydrogen Vehicle Testing
4.19.2 Sources of Info o n Stationary Fuel Cells
4.19.3 Related Links
4.20 Government Regulation
4.20.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Research and Other Organizations
4.20.2 Stationary Fuel Cell Publications and Information
4.20.3 Stationary Fuel Cell Government Resources
4.21 Fuel Cell South Africa (SA) Platinum
4.21.1 Anglo Platinum / Johnson Matthey Leading Researcher in Platinum Market
4.21.2 Impala Platinum
5. STATIONARY FUEL CELL COMPANY PROFILES
5.1 Acumentrics
5.1.1 Acumentrics / U.S. Department of Energy Solid -State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA)
5.2 Acal Energy
5.3 Adaptive Materials
5.4 Adelan
5.5 Agni
5.6 Alca Torda Applications
5.7 ALLPS Fuel Cell System GMBH
5.7.1 System engineering
5.8 Anglo Platinum / Johnson Matthey Leading Researcher in Platinum Market
5.8.1 Anglo Platinum / Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells
5.9 Angstrom Power
5.10 Ansaldo Fuel Cells SpA-AFC
5.11 Apollo Energy Systems
5.11.1 Apollo Energy Systems Stationary Applications
5.12 Aperion Energy Systems
5.13 Astris Energi
5.13.1 Astris Alkaline Fuel Cell Electric Generators
5.14 Air Liquide / Axane Fuel Cell Systems
5.15 Finmeccanica Group / Ansaldo Fuel Cells
5.15.1 Ansaldo Fuel Cells Series 2TW
5.16 Ball Aerospace & Technologies
5.17 Ballard
5.17.1 Ballard Total Revenues
5.17.2 Ebara
5.17.3 Ebara Ballard
5.17.4 Ebara Local Assembly
5.17.5 Japanese Government Subsidies in 2006
5.17.6 Ballard Reports Improves Sales in Power Generation Markets
5.17.7 Ballard 2006 Corporate Objectives
5.17.8 Ballard Power Systems
5.17.9 Ebara Ballard
5.17.10 Ballard Power Systems / Ebara Next Generation of Cogeneration Fuel Cell Stack
5.17.11 Ebara Ballard
5.17.12 Ebara Ballard Precision Machinery
5.17.13 Plug Power and Ballard Power Systems Collaboration
5.17.14 Ebara Corporation
5.18 Baxi Group-
5.19 BCS Technology
5.20 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited (CFCL)
5.21 Celex Power
5.22 CellTech Power LLC
5.23 Cellennium
5.24 Cenergie Corporation
5.25 Ceramatec
5.26 Ceres Power
5.27 Clean Fuel Generation
5.28 CMR Fuel Cells
5.29 Connecticut Clean Energy Fund
5.30 Coval H2
5.31 CTP Hydrogen
5.32 Daimler Chrysler / MTU / CFC-MTU Solutions (German)
5.32.1 MTU CFC Solutions GmbH Joint Venture
5.32.2 CFC-MTU Solutions (German Part of Daimler Chrysler / MTU)
5.33 Delphi
5.33.1 Delphi Reports Fourth Quarter and Calendar Year 2005 Financial Revenue
5.33.2 Delphi Technical Expertise
5.33.3 Delphi Chapter 11 Cases
5.33.4 Delphi and Partner Battelle Pacific Northwest Division / SECA Program
5.33.5 Delphi Developmental Fuel-Flexible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Functions
5.34 DE NORA s.p.a
5.35 Dias Analytic
5.35.1 Dais
5.36 Donaldson Company
5.37 DTI Energy
5.38 Dupont
5.39 EBZ Entwicklungs-und Vertriebsgesellschaft Brennstoffzelle mbH
5.40 ESL Electric Auto Science
5.41 Electrotec
5.42 ElectroChem
5.43 Element 1 Power Systems
5.44 Electric Power Research Institute
5.45 Electronic Machining s.r.l.
5.46 Emprise
5.47 Entegris
5.48 Eneco
5.49 ENrG
5.50 Engelhard
5.51 Esoro
5.52 Evonyx-eVionyx
5.53 Five Star Technologies
5.54 Fuel Cell Components and Integrators
5.55 Fuel Cell Control
5.55.1 Fuel Maker
5.56 FuelCell Energy
5.57 Fuel Cells Ltd
5.58 Fuel Cells Canada
5.58.1 Industry Canada (IC)
5.59 FuelCell Energy
5.59.1 Direct FuelCell, DFC and DFC/Turbine Registered Trademarks
5.59.2 FuelCell Energy U.S. Government Camp Pendleton 250 Kilowatts of Power
5.59.3 FuelCell Energy Revenue
5.59.4 FuelCell Energy Revenue Second Quarter 2006
5.59.5 FuelCell Energy Corporate Developments
5.59.6 FuelCell Energy Revenue
5.59.7 FuelCell Energy Target Markets
5.59.8 FuelCell Energy Financial Highlights
5.59.9 FuelCell Energy FY 2005 Highlights
5.59.10 FuelCell Energy Geographic Markets
5.59.11 FuelCell Energy Pursuing Market Opportunities
5.59.12 FuelCell Energy's Focus for 2006
5.59.13 FuelCell Energy / NTT High Efficiency Power Plant
5.59.14 FuelCell Energy / Marubeni
5.59.15 FuelCell Energy Power Plant Sites Around the Globe
5.59.16 FuelCell Energy Development Partner, Bridgeport Fuel Cell Park, LLC Wins Pre -Development Financing for 10-Megawatt Fuel Cell Power Plant
5.60 Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd.
5.60.1 Fuel Cell Technologies
5.60.2 FCT
5.60.3 Fuel Cell Technologies Customers
5.60.4 Fuel Cell Technologies Partners
5.60.5 Fuel Cell Technologies Revenue
5.61 Fuel Cell Technologies
5.62 Fuji
5.62.1 Fuji Electric Group
5.63 Franklin Fuel Cells
5.64 GE
5.64.1 GE Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Program
5.64.2 GE Major Energy Research Initiatives:
5.64.3 GE Energy
5.65 GenCell
5.66 General Hydrogen
5.66.1 General Hydrogen
5.66.2 Ballard / General Hydrogen / Bridgestone in the US
5.66.3 General Hydrogen Hydrogen-Powered Hydricity® Pack ROI
5.66.4 General Hydrogen
5.66.5 General Hydrogen ROI
5.66.6 General Hydrogen Backed By General Motors and Air Products
5.67 Gesellschaft für Angewandte Technik mbH Greifswald (GAT)
5.68 Global Thermoelectric!
5.69 GreenVOLT™
5.70 GreenVOLT™ Mini Fuel Cell
5.71 GTI -Gas Technology Institute
5.72 Hoku / Sanyo
5.73 Honda:
5.73.1 Honda / Plug Power
5.74 HydroGen
5.74.1 HydroGen Development Activities
5.74.2 HydroGen Corporation and HydroGen, LLC
5.75 Idaho National Laboratory
5.76 IDACORP / IdaTech
5.76.1 IdaTech ElectraGen(TM)3 Critical Backup Power Fuel Cell System
5.76.2 IdaTech Positioning
5.76.3 IdaTech Europe
5.76.4 IdaTech CE Certification
5.76.5 IdaTech Research and Development
5.77 Impala Platinum
5.78 Ion America
5.78.1 Ion America Fuel Cell Company
5.78.2 Ion America R&D unit in Chennai, India
5.78.3 Ion America Chattanooga Enterprise Center
5.79 LOGANEnergy
5.80 McDermott International / SOFCo-EFS
5.81 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd.
5.82 Mesoscopic Devices / MesoGen
5.83 Millennium Cell
5.84 Mitsubishi
5.85 NanoDynamics
5.86 Nu Element
5.87 Nuvera Fuel Cells
5.87.1 Nuvera Fuel Cells / Rivoira / SIAD Group To Expand Laboratory Plant In Italy For Testing Hydrogen-Based Fuel Cell Systems
5.87.2 Nuvera
5.87.3 Nuvera Fuel Cells
5.87.4 Nuvera
5.87.5 Nuvera Fuel Cells 5 kW PowerFlow™ Fuel Cell Power Module
5.87.6 Nuvera Shareholders
5.88 Palcan
5.89 Plug Power
5.89.1 Plug Power Product Development and Commercialization
5.89.2 Plug Power Distribution, Marketing and Strategic Relationships
5.89.3 Plug Power Gone Away From Residential Fuel Cells to Back-Up Power Generation
5.89.4 Plug Power / Tyco
5.89.5 Plug Power / Honda
5.89.6 Plug Power / Pemeas
5.89.7 Plug Power / Engelhard
5.89.8 Plug Power / DTE Energy
5.89.9 Plug Power Revenue
5.89.10 Plug Power Revenue
5.89.11 Plug Power to Receive $217 Million Cash Investment from Interros and Norilsk Nickel
5.89.12 Plug Power Distribution Partners To Access Targeted Markets In U.S. And South Korea
5.90 Pacific Telepoint
5.91 Parker Hannifin
5.92 PEMEAS Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)
5.93 Power Air Corporation
5.94 Praxair / Rivoira
5.94.1 Praxair / SIAD
5.95 Protonetics
5.96 Protonex Technology Corporation
5.96.1 Protonex Military Development Contract from Army Research Office
5.96.2 Protonex to Advanced Soldier Power System Development
5.96.3 Protonex Partnership with Millennium Cell
5.96.4 Protonex Raises Second Round Financing - Portable Fuel Cell Global Design /Manufacturing Partner Parker Hannifin
5.96.5 Parker Hannifin Investment in Protonex
5.96.6 Protonex OEM Customers
5.96.7 Protonex Portable Soldier Power
5.96.8 Protonex Portable Battery Charger
5.96.9 Protonex from Military Development to Commercial
5.96.10 Protonex 150 Series Portable Power System
5.97 Proton Energy Systems
5.98 ReliOn
5.98.1 ReliOn Investors:
5.98.2 ReliOn / CEA Telecom Fuel Cells
5.98.3 ReliOn / CEA Telecom
5.99 Rolls Royce Group
5.99.1 Rolls Royce Fuel Cell Systems Group
5.100 RWE AG, Essen / RWE Fuel Cells
5.101 Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA)
5.102 Siemens
5.102.1 Siemens Westinghouse / Fuel Cell Technologies Strategic Partnership
5.102.2 Siemens SOFC Power Generation System in the 5-10 Kw Range
5.102.3 Siemens Power Generation Partners
5.102.4 Siemens Networks
5.102.5 Siemens Business Services
5.102.6 Siemens Research and Development
5.102.7 Siemens Information and Communication Networks
5.102.8 Siemens Information and Communication Mobile Group
5.102.9 Siemens Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology
5.103 Sulzer Group / Sulzer Hexis
5.104 Takagi Industrial Co., Ltd.
5.105 Toshiba-Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFC)
5.106 TOTO
5.107 Ultracell
5.108 Umicore
5.108.1 Umicore pMembrain(tm) Membrane Electrode Assemblies
5.109 Unitec Ceramics
5.110 United Technologies
5.110.1 United Technologies / UTC Power / UTC Fuel Cells
5.110.2 Memorandum Of Understanding Signed Among Toshiba, IFC, and UTC
5.110.3 UTC Fuel Cells (UTCFC), Formerly International Fuel Cells
5.110.4 UTC Fourth Quarter Revenue
5.110.5 UTC Fuel Cells
5.111 Viaspace / Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
5.112 ZAO Independent Power Technologies
5.113 ZTEK
5.113.1 Ztek Corporation to Collaborate with U.S. Department of Navy On Hydrogen Fueling Station
5.113.2 ZTEK Corporation
List of Tables and Figures
STATIONARY FUEL CELL EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table ES-1 Commercialization Challenges Of The Stationary Fuel Cell Industry
Table ES-2 Worldwide Cogeneration Utility and Campus Stationary Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) and SOFC Shipment Market Shares, Dollars, 2005
Table ES-3 Worldwide SOFC, PEM, PAFC, and Molten Carbonate Utility, Campus, and Remote Backup Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, 2006-2012
Table ES-4 Worldwide SOFC, PEM, PAFC, and Molten Carbonate Utility, Campus, and Remote Backup Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, 2006-2012
Table ES-5 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Driving Forces
Table ES-6 Specific Areas of Cost Reduction Investigation
STATIONARY FUEL CELL MARKET DYNAMICS AND MARKET DESCRIPTION
Table 1-1 Methods of Producing Energy
Table 1-2 Key Aspects of Fuel Cell Stack Costs
Table 1-3 Fuel Cell Operation
Table 1-4 Fuel Cell Characteristics
Table 1-5 Fuel Cell Description
Table 1-6 Fuel Cell Categories
Table 1-7 Fuel Cell Performance Improvements
Table 1-8 Environmental Concerns Relating To Energy
Table 1-9 Environmental Benefits of Using Fuel Cell Technology
Table 1-10 Fuel Cell Advantages Compared to Internal Combustion Engine
Table 1-11 Low-carbon production systems
Table 1-12 Fuel Cell Functional Characteristics
Table 1-13 1Characteristics of Water in Fuel Cells
Table 1-14 Types of Fuel Cells
Table 1-15 Classes of Fuel Cells
Table 1-16 Fuel Cell Applications
Table 1-17 Types of Fuel Cells
Table 1-18 Classes of Fuel Cells
Table 1-19 Fuel Cell Applications
Table 1-20 Alkaline Fuel Cell Features
Table 1-21 Phosphoric acid fuel cells applications
Table 1-22 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Features
Table 1-23 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
Table 1-24 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Features
Table 1-25 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Functions
Table 1-26 Fuel Cell Issues
Table 1-27 Fuel Cell System
Table 1-28 Conceptual Operation of a Fuel Cell.
Table 1-29 Fuel Cell System Relative Efficiencies
Table 1-30 Fuel Cell Reliability Research and Development Issues
Table 1-31 AFC Fuel Cell advantages
STATIONARY FUEL CELL MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS
Table 2-1 Worldwide Stationary Fuel Cell Market Growth Drivers
Table 2-2 Worldwide Stationary Fuel Cell Market Segments
Table 2-3 Fuel cell Technology Positioning
Figure 2-4 Worldwide Cogeneration Utility and Campus Stationary Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), PEM, MFC, and SOFC Shipment Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2006-2012
Table 2-5 Worldwide Cogeneration Utility and Campus Stationary Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), PEM, MCFC, and SOFC Shipment Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-6 Worldwide Cogeneration Utility and Campus Stationary Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) and SOFC Shipment Market Shares, Dollars, 2005
Table 2-7 Worldwide Cogeneration Utility and Campus Stationary Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) and SOFC Shipment Market Shares, Dollars, 2005
Table 2-8 United Technologies / UTC Power
Table 2-9 United Technologies / UTC Power Experience
Figure 2-10 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) Utility Market Forecasts – Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-11 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) Utility Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Table 2-12 Worldwide PAFC Utility Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, 2006-2012
Table 2-13 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Long Term Impacts Of Technology As Compelling Market Factors
Figure 2-14 SOFC Fuel Cells Utility Market Forecasts – Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-15 SOFC Fuel Cells Utility Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Table 2-16 SOFC Fuel Cells Utility Market Forecasts – Units and Dollars, 2006-2012
Table 2-17 Siemens-Westinghouse Tubular SOFC Technology The Primary Development Challenges
Table 2-18 Planar SOFC Technology Issues
Table 2-19 MCFC technology Functions
Figure 2-20 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Market Forecasts – Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-21 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Table 2-22 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Market Forecasts – Units and Dollars 2006-2012
Figure 2-23 2Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Market Forecasts – Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-24 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Table 2-25 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Market Forecasts – Units and Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-26 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Backup Power Market Forecasts – Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-27 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Backup Power Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Figure 2-28 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Backup Power Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Figure 2-29 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Backup Power Market Forecasts – Installed Base Analysis, Percent Penetration, Units and Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-30 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Multiple Dwelling Unit Market Forecasts – Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-31 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Multiple Dwelling Unit Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Figure 2-32 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Residential Market Forecasts – Dollars, 2006-2012
Figure 2-33 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Residential Market Forecasts – Units, 2006-2012
Table 2-34 Projected Long Term, Uninstalled Costs
Table 2-35 Stationary Fuel Cells Strengths and Weaknesses
Table 2-36 Cost Comparison of Available Technologies for a 5kW Plant
Table 2-37 Stationary Fuel Cell Addressable Market
Table 2-38 Japanese Government Schedule for Fuel Cell Introduction
Table 2-39 Japanese Sales Prospects
STATIONARY FUEL CELL PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Figure 3-1 UTC Power PureCell™ 200 Power Solution
Figure 3-2 UTC Power PureCycle™ 200
Table 3-3 UTC Power Solution Benefits
Table 3-4 UTC Power Solution Application Variables
Table 3-5 UTC Power Solution Regional Factors
Table 3-6 UTC Power On-Site Generation Solution Benefits
Table 3-7 UTC PureComfort™ Power Solution Benefits
Table 3-8 UTC Power ISO (59 °F) Cooling Mode Performance of Trigeneration Systems
Figure 3-9 UTC Power PureComfort™ power solution
Table 3-10 UTC Power Cooling Mode Performance
Table 3-11 United Technologies PureCell™ solution functions
Table 3-12 UTC Power Stationary Fuel Cell Units Global Positioning
Table 3-13 HydroGen core PAFC Fuel Cell Technology
Figure 3-14 HydroGen core PAFC Fuel Cell
Table 3-15 Siemens Benefits of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Technology
Table 3-16 Siemens Features of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Technology
Table 3-17 Siemens Comparison of Fuel Cells and Distributed Generation Options
Figure 3-18 Siemens SFC-200 building block for systems up to 500 kW
Figure 3-19 Siemens SFC-200 Building Block For Systems Up To 500 kW
Table 3-20 Siemens Major SOFC System Components
Table 3-21 Siemens Major SOFC System Applications
Figure 3-22 Siemens Candidate Seal-Less Planar Cell Designs
Figure 3-23 Siemens SFC-200
Figure 3-24 Siemens SFC-200
Table 3-25 Siemens Power Generation Capabilities and characteristics of SOFCs
Table 3-26 Direct FuelCell Power Plants Benefits
Figure 3-27 Fuel Cell Energy Fuel Cell
Figure 3-28 Fuel Cell Energy Fuel Cell
Figure 3- 29 Fuel Cell Technologies 5kW SOFCs
Table 3-30 TOTO / Fuel Cell Technologies Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Features
Table 3-31 Fuel Cell Technology SOFC Positioning
Table 3-32 Fuel Cell Technology Stationary Fuel Cell New Opportunities - 50kW
Figure 3-33 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: Auxiliary Power Unit
Table 3-34 Delphi Developmental Fuel-Flexible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Functions
Figure 3-35 Acumentrics Power Systems
Figure 3-36 Acumentrics Fuel Cell Systems
Table 3-37 CellTech Stationary Fuel Cell Positioning
Figure 3-38 Ztek Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine System
Table 3-39 ZTEK's Zero-Emission Sol
Table 3-40 ZTEK SOFC Advantages
Table 3-41 Strengths of the ZTEK Fuel Cell System
Figure 3-42 ION America Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell
Table 3-43 Rolls Royce Fuel Cells Capabilities
Table 3-44 Rolls Royce Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell System Features
Table 3-45 Rolls Royce Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell System Functions
Figure 3-46 Rolls Royce Fuel Cell Flow
Figure 3-47 Ballard Cogeneration Systems
Table 3-48 General Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hydricity® Pack Functions
Table 3-49 General Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Table 3-50 ReliOn 1kW PEM Fuel Cell Features:
Figure 3-51 ReliOn 1kW PEM Fuel Cell
Table 3-52 IdaTech Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Systems
Figure 3-53 Protonex Power Platform Product 500 Series
Table 3-54 Astris Energi Fuel Cells
Table 3-55 ASTRIS ENERGI PowerStack MC250
Table 3-56 Astris Energi POWERSTACK™ MC250
Table 3-57 Astris LABCell LC200
Table 3-58 Astris Energi LabCell LC50
Table 3-59 Astris Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) Applications
Table 3-60 GreenVOLT™ 6 Watt Mini Fuel Cell Features
Table 3-61 MTU HotModule® Technology
Table 3-62 MTU HotModule® Components
Figure 3-63 MTU Fuel Cells Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) HotModule®
Table 3-64 MTU HotModule® - Technical Data
Figure 3-65 Five Star Technologies Catalysis
Table 3-66 Power Air Fuel Cell Positioning
Table 3-67 Power Air Fuel Cell Target Markets
Table 3-68 Ovonic Fuel Cell Features
Table 3-69 Ovonic Fuel Cell Company approach
Table 3-70 Ovonic Fuel Cell Applications
STATIONARY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
Table 4-1 Fuel Cell Technologies FTC Residential Applications
Table 4-2 Fuel Cell Technologies FTC Application Target Markets
Table 4-3 Fuel Cell Technologies FTC Communications Applications
Table 4-4 FTC Commercial Applications
Table 4-5 FTC Industrial Applications
Table 4-6 FTC Military / Security Applications
Table 4-7 Waste Heat Recovery Applications
Figure 4-8 Fuel Cell
Figure 4-9 CellTech Power LTA-SOFC
Figure 4-10 CellTech Liquid Anode
Table 4-11 UTC Power Ritz-Carlton, San Francisco PureComfort™ 240M Features
STATIONARY FUEL CELL COMPANY PROFILES
Table 5-1 ALLPS Fuel Cell System GMBH Positioning
Figure 5-2 Angstrom Power Micro-Structured Fuel Cells
Table 5-3 Astris Fuel Cells
Table 5-4 Astris Fuel Cell Generators
Table 5-5 Key features of the Ballard Mark 1030 V3 Fuel Cell
Table 5-6 Ballard 2006 Corporate Objectives
Table 5-7 FuelCell Energy Multi-Megawatt Opportunities
Table 5-8 FuelCell Energy Target Markets
Table 5-9 GE Major Energy Research Initiatives
Table 5-10 Global’s TEGs Target Markets
Table 5-11 HydroGen principal goals of development
Table 5-12 Fuel Cell Reforming 500 kWe Proton Exchange Membrane fuel
Table 5-13 Protonex 150 Series Portable Power System Functions
Table 5-14 Proton Energy Systems
Table 5-15 ReliOn Investors
- UTC Power
- Fuji Electric
- Acumentrics
- Adaptive Materials
- Agni
- ALLPS Fule Cell System GMBH
- Angstrom Power
- Apollo Energy Systems
- Astris Energi
- Finmeccanica Group / Ansalado Fuel Cells
- Ball Aerospace & Technologies
- BCS Technology Ceramic
- Celex Power
- Cellennium
- Ceramater
- Clean Fuel Generation
- Connecticut Clean Energy Fund
- EBZ Entwicklungs-und Vertriebsgsellschaft Brennstoffezelle mbH
- CTP Hydrogen
- Delphi
- Dias Analytic
- DTI Energy
- ESL Electric Auto Science
- ElectroChem
- Electric Power Research Institute
- Emprise
- Eneco
- Engelhard
- Acal Energy
- Adelan
- Alca Torda Applications
- Anglo Platimun / Johnson Matthey
- Ansalado Fuel Cells SpA-AFC
- Aperion Energy Systems
- Air Liquide / Axane Fuel Cell Systems
- Ballard
- Baxi Group
- Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited (CFCL)
- CellTech Power LLC
- Cenergi Corporation
- Ceres Power
- CMR Fuel Cells
- Coval H2
- Daimler Chrysler / MTU / CFC-MTU Soluions (German)
- DENORA s.p.a.
- Donaldson Company
- Dupont
- Electrotec
- Element 1 Power Systems
- Electronic Machining s.r.l.
- Entegris
- ENRG
- Esoro
- Evonyx-e Vionyx
- Fuel Cell Component and Integrators
- FuelCell Energy
- Fuel Cell Technologies Canada
- Franklin Fuel Cells
- GenCell
- Gesellschaft Fur Angewandte Technik mbH Greifswald (GAT) Nuvera Fuel Cells
- Plug Power
- Parker Hannifin
- Power Air Corporation
- Protonetics
- Proton Energy Systems
- Rolls Royce Group
- Global Thermoelectric!
- Five Star Technologies
- Fuel Cell Control
- Fuel Cells Ltd.
- Fuel Cell technologies Ltd.
- GE
- General Hydrogen
- GTI – Gas Technology Institute
- Honda
- Idaho National Laboratory
- Ultracell
- Unitec Ceramics
- Viaspace / Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
- ZAO Independent Power Technologies
- Impala Platinum
- LOGANEnergy
- Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
- Toshiba – Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFC)
- Sulzer Group / Sulzer Hexis
- Millennium Cell
- NanoDyamics
- Solid aState Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA)
- GeenVOLTTM
- Hoku / Sanyo
- HydroGen
- IDACORP / Ida Tech
- Ion America
- McDermott International
- Mesoscopic Devices
- Mitsubishi
- Nu Element
- Palcan
- Pacific Telepoint
- PEMEAS Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)
- Praxair / Rivoira
- Protonex Technology Corporation
- ReliOn
- RWE AG, Essen / RWE Fuel Cells
- Siemens
- Takagi Industrial Co., Ltd.
- TOTO
- Umicore
- United Technologies
- ZTEK
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