Handbook of nonwovens

Woodhead Publishing Ltd, December 2006, Pages: 544

This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in this important area. It is written by leading experts in the field. It discusses different methods of manufacture, bonding and finishing. This is essential reading for all involved in the manufacture and use of nonwoven products.

Nonwovens are a unique class of textile material formed from fibres that are bonded together through various means to form a coherent structure. Given their rapid industrial development and diverse markets, understanding and developing nonwovens is becoming increasingly important. With its distinguished editor and array of international contributors, the Handbook of nonwovens, offers a comprehensive review of the latest advances in this area and how they can be applied to particular products.

Initial chapters review the development of the industry and the different classes of nonwoven material. The book then discusses methods of manufacture such as dry-laid, wet-laid and polymer-laid web formation. Other techniques analysed include mechanical, thermal and chemical bonding as well as chemical and mechanical finishing systems. The book concludes by assessing the characterisation, testing and modelling of nonwoven materials.

The Handbook of nonwovens will be a valuable reference for those involved in the manufacturing and use of nonwoven products in such areas as; transport, medicine, hygiene and various branches of engineering.

About the editor:

Dr Stephen Russell is a Senior Lecturer in the Centre for Technical Textiles, University of Leeds and the Director of the Nonwovens Research Group (NRG), UK.

Development of the nonwovens industry
A Wilson, Nonwovens Report International, UK
- Definition and classification
- Dry, wet and polymer-laid nonwovens
- Market structure and development
- Key companies
- References

Dry-laid web formation
A Brydon, Garnett Group of Associated Companies and A Pourmohammadi, University of Leeds, UK
- Introduction
- Selection of raw materials for carding
- Opening of fibres
- Mixing and blending
- Carding: working and stripping principles
- Doffing and rolling systems
- Card clothing
- Card and Garnett machine configurations
- Card feed control, weight measurement and other control systems
- Cross-lapping
- Batt drafting
- Vertically lapped (perpendicular-laid) web formation
- Airlaid web formation: raw materials and fibre preparation
- Airlaying technology
- Developments in airlaying
- Airflow and fibre dynamics in airlaying
- Bonding and web consolidation
- Physical properties and practical applications of airlaid fabrics
- Direct feed batt formation
- References

Wet-laid formation
C White, Consultant, France
- Introduction
- Background and historical developments
- Theoretical basis of wet forming
- Raw materials for wet-laid nonwovens
- Cellulose fibre preparation
- Man-made fibre preparation
- Web forming process technology
- Bonding systems for wet-laid nonwovens
- Finishing
- Product applications
- References

Polymer-laid web formation
G Bhat, University of Tennessee and S Malkan, Syntil Technologies, USA
- Introduction
- Resins for spunbonding and meltblowing
- Spunbond fabric production
- Spunbond production systems
- Bonding techniques
- Operating variables in the spunbond process
- Structure and properties of spunbond fabrics
- Applications of spunbond fabrics
- Melt-blown fabric production
- Melt-blown characterization techniques
- Characteristics and properties of melt-blown fabrics
- Melt-blown fabric applications
- Mechanics of the spunbond and melt-blown processes
- Types of spunbound production technology
- Future trends

Mechanical bonding
S Anand, University of Bolton, D Brunnschweiler, Consultant, G Swarbrick, Foster Needle Ltd and S Russell, University of Leeds, UK
- Stitch bonding: introduction
- The Maliwatt and Malivlies stitch bonding systems
- The Malimo stitch bonding system
- The Malipol, Voltex, Kunit and Muliknit stitch bonding systems
- Recent developments in stitch bonding
- Needlepunching: introduction
- Needle design and selection
- Penetration depth and other factors affecting needle use
- Needlepunching technology
- Applications of needlepunched fabrics
- Hydroentanglement: introduction
- The principles of hydroentanglement
- Fibre selection for hydroentanglement
- Hydroentanglement technology
- Web/batt compaction, pre-wetting and other processes in hydroentanglement
- Applications of hydroentangled fabrics
- Acknowledgements
- References

Thermal bonding
A Pourmohammadi, University of Leeds, UK
- Introduction
- Principle of thermal bonding
- Raw materials
- Thermal bonding technologies: calender (contact bonding)
- Through-air and impingement bonding
- Thermal radiation/infra-red and ultrasonic bonding
- Thermally bonded fabric structure
- Applications of thermally bonded fabrics
- References

Chemical bonding
R Chapman, Texon International, UK
- Introduction
- Chemical binder polymers
- Mechanism of chemical bonding
- Methods of binder application
- Drying
- Applications of chemically bonded nonwovens
- References

Nonwoven fabric finishing
I Ahmed, University of Leeds, UK
- Introduction
- Wet finishing
- Application of chemical finishes
- Lamination
- Mechanical finishing
- Surface finishing
- Developing technologies
- Fabric inspection
- References
- Acknowledgements

Characterisation, testing and modelling of nonwoven fabrics
N Mao and S Russell, University of Leeds, UK and B Pourdeyhimi, Nonwovens Cooperative Research Centre, USA
- Introduction: characterisation of nonwoven fabics
- Characterisation of fabric bond structure
- Fabric weight, thickness, density and other structural parameters
- General standards for testing nonwovens
- Test methods for particular structural parameters
- Test methods for fibre orientation distribution
- Test methods for porosity, pore size and pore size distribution
- Measurement of nonwoven mechanical and physical properties
- Measurement of wettability and liquid absorption
- Measurement of thermal conductivity and insulation
- Modelling nonwoven pore size and poor size distribution
- Modelling tensile strength and bending rigidity
- Modelling specific permeability
- Modelling absorbency, liquid retention and capillary wicking
- Modelling thermal resistance and thermal conductivity
- Modelling acoustic impedance
- Modelling filtration properties
- References

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