Wireless Mesh Networks and their Applications in Homeland Security: Market and Technologies
PracTel Inc, November 2006
The report analyzes wireless mesh networks structures, and deals with:
-Technological and marketing issues of WMN
-Radio technologies utilized by WMN
-Routing protocols.
In discussion of radio technologies for WMN, we emphasize the importance of three forward-looking wireless protocols: IEEE802.11n, ZigBee and Ultra Wideband (UWB). Though the majority of WMNs, at the present time use slower IEEE802.11b, g technologies, it is our perception that these three protocols will be building blocks of WMN in the near future. Except ZigBee, these technologies allow transmission with a rate of hundreds Mb/s and support greater coverage. ZigBee-structured WMNs are already a today reality in spite of a fact that their speed of transmission cannot exceed a couple of hundreds Kb/s.
All discussed technologies have features that are useful in the WMN environment:
-Extremely low power consumption
-Inherent security features
-Low sensitivity to multipath problems.
The report analyzes technological benefits and limitations of each radio technology and standardization process as well as presents the marketing analysis and forecast.
The report also addresses the standardization process for WMN, and discusses a status of the IEEE802.11s standard. It shows that, so far, almost every manufacturer of WMN nodes uses proprietary routing protocols, and this situation slows WMN development. Some of the most popular routing protocols in use by WMNs are discussed in the report.
WMN architectures found already many applications in the commercial market, though initially they were the military prerogative. Among the most popular applications, we addressed:
-Municipalities
-Public safety communications
-Industrial automation
-Consumers.
Note that WMNs are perfect choice for first responders. These networks can be easily deployed in a very short period of time (for example, in the emergency situations), and each node may be associated with a first responder, as per an ad-hoc network scenario. More than that, due to the fact that some routing protocols are agnostic to the radio protocols, interoperability between different agencies communications can be achieved. Some technologies, such as UWB, may be used for dual purposes being a building block not only for communications devices, but for extremely precise radar as well.
The report provides market characteristics of WMN, and shows that the industry already has created a strong basis for future WMN expansion. We envision that in several years 802.11n and UWB will prevail in WMN applications required high-speed transmission, and they will successfully compete with wired technologies, such as Fast Ethernet. ZigBee and 802.11a, b, g will be left for applications that do not require high speed transmission, such as, for example, industrial automation, or home networks.
Research Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
Target Audience
This report is important to a wide population of researches, technical and sales staff involved in the developing of mesh networks services and products. It is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with related technologies. The report also helps to understand issues associated with relationship between WMN and other technologies.
1.0 Introduction
1.1General
1.2 Definition
1.2.1 Ad-Hoc and Mesh
1.3 Scope
1.4 Research Methodology
1.5 Target Audience
2.0 Mesh Networks: Standards
2.1 General
2.2 IEEE 802.11s
2.2.1 Standardization Process
3.0 Radio Technologies
3.1 IEEE 802.11n
3.1.1 Advanced Technologies: MIMO and Others
3.1.1.1 General
3.1.1.2 Spatial Multiplexing
3.1.1.3 OFDM
3.1.2 Directions
3.1.3 Standard
3.1.3.1 Ratification
3.1.3.1.1 EWC
3.1.4 Details: Technology
3.1.5 Market
3.1.5.1 General
3.1.5.2 Market Forecast
3.1.5.2.1 Model Assumptions
3.1.5.2.2 Estimate
3.1.5.2.2.1 Chipsets
3.1.5.2.2.2 Platforms
3.1.6 802.11n Industry Players
Atheros
Belkin
Broadcom
Intel
Ruckus
Linksys
Marvell
Metalink
NEC
Netgear
SiGe
3.2 ZigBee
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Device Types
3.2.3 Protocol Stack
3.2.3.1 Physical and MAC layers – IEEE802.15.4
3.2.3.1.1 Frame
3.2.4 Upper Layers
3.2.5 Interoperability
3.2.6 Security
3.2.7 Platform Considerations
3.2.7.1 Battery Life
3.2.8 Technology Benefits and Limitations
3.2.9 Standardization Process
3.2.9.1 Zigbee Alliance
3.2.9.2 Objectives
3.2.9.3 802.15.4- ZigBee Basis
3.2.9.4 IEEE 802.15.4 Radio
3.2.9.5 Application Specifics
3.2.10 ZigBee Role
3.2.11 Market
3.2.11.1 Expectations
3.2.11.2 Segments
3.2.11.3 Forecast
3.2.12 Industry
Airbee (Software)
Amber (RF Systems)
Atmel (Chipsets)
Chipcon –TI (Chipsets)
Cirronet (Modules Industrial Automation)
Duolog (Transceivers)
Eazix (Modules)
Ember (Chipsets)
Falcom (Modules)
Helicomm (Modules)
Jennic (Chipsets-Modules)
Freescale (Chipsets)
Luxoft Labs (Integration)
M&R Lawugger GmbH (Software)
Maxstream (WSN Modules)
Nanotron (Chipsets)
Oki (Chipsets)
Renesas (Platforms)
Silicon Laboratories (Chipsets, Modules)
Telegesis (Integrator)
Uniband (Chipsets)
ZMD (Chipsets)
3.3 UWB
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Obstacles
3.3.3 Benefits
3.3.4 Definition
3.3.5 Rates
3.3.6 Spectrum Allocation
3.3.7 Choices
3.3.8 Major Features
3.3.9 Standards and Regulations
3.3.9.1 Multiband OFDM
3.3.9.2 DS-UWB
3.3.9.3 Groups
3.3.10 Major Applications
3.3.11 Market Estimate
3.3.11.1 General
3.3.11.2 Geographical Segmentation
3.3.11.3 Forecast
3.3.12 Industry
Aether (localization devices)
Alereon (chipsets)
Artimi (chipsets)
BBN (radio, first responders applications)
Camero (radar, equipment for first responders)
decaWave (chipsets)
Focus Enhancement (chipsets)
Freescale (chipsets, systems)
General Atomics (chipsets)
Multispectral (RFID and others)
Parco (RFID)
Pulse~ Link (chipsets)
Staccato (chipsets)
TriQuint (chipsets – homeland security applications)
Time Domain (chipsets-fusion of communications & radar)
Tzero (chipsets)
Ubisense (RFID-tracking)
Wisair (chipsets)
WiQuest (chipsets)
4.0 Technology: Mesh Networks Specifics
4.1 Features
4.2 Benefits and Limitations
4.3 Architectures
4.4 Routing Protocols
4.4.1 Too Many
4.4.1.1. Lack of Standardization
4.4.1.2 Applications Variety
4.4.2 Protocols
4.5 Security Issues
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 802.11
4.5.3 UWB
4.5.4 ZigBee
5.0 Market: Mesh Networks
5.1 Major Applications
5.2 Market Estimate
5.2.1 Market Leaders
5.2.2 Forecast
6.0 Major WMN Vendors and their Products
Atheros (chipsets)
BelAir (Nodes)
Cisco (Protocols, Nodes)
Crossbow (nodes)
Dust Networks (WMN Nodes)
Ember (ZigBee chips for WMN)
Intel (Nodes)
IWT(Network Solution)
IPMobileNet (WMN)
FireTide (Mesh network-Public safety applications)
Foxboro-Invensys (MN for Industrial Automation)
MeshDynamics (Nodes)
Millennial Net (SW and Systems)
Moteiv (Nodes and SW)
MeshNetworks (Motorola)
Mitre (protocols)
Motorola (Nodes-Public Safety Communications)
NexGen City (Mesh-Public Safety)
Northrop Grumman (Nodes)
Nortel (WMN Systems)
NovaRoam (Public Safety Communications –WMN)
Octave Technologies (SW)
PacketHop (WMN SW)
Proxim (WMN Nodes)
Rajant (WMN-Military, First Responders)
Sensoria (WMN for Public Safety Communications)
Sensicast (WMN for Industrial Automation)
SIAE (WMN for IA)
SkyPilot Networks (WMN Nodes)
Strix (Nodes)
Qorvus (WMN for IA)
Tropos (routers, OS)
Ubiwave (Mesh Network)
7.0 WMN and First Responders
8.0 Conclusions
Figure 1: Mesh Network Diagram
Figure 2: WiMesh Stack
Figure 3: Basic two-antenna MIMO system with two-stream SDM Example
Figure 4: 802.11 Protocol Family MAC Frame Structure
Figure 5: 802.11n IC Market Estimate ($M)
Figure 6: Market Estimate: 802.11n Equipment Shipping ($B)
Figure 7: ZigBee Protocol Stack
Figure 8: Estimate: ZigBee Chipsets Market Worlwide ($M)
Figure 9: ZigBee Market Segmentation (2006)
Figure 10: ZigBee Market Segmentation (2010)
Figure 11: UWB Spectrum
Figure 12: Market Estimate: UWB Circuitry ($B)
Figure 13: Market Estimate: Multiband OFDM UWB Circuitry ($B)
Figure 14: Market Estimate: DS UWB Circuitry ($B)
Figure 15: Estimate of UWB Market – Communications Applications ($B)
Figure 16: Mesh Network Equipment Sale: Market Estimate ($B)
Figure 17: Mesh Network Radio Technologies
Figure 18: Technology Segmentation: Mesh Network Market
Figure 19: Mesh Network Market Geography (2006
This report addresses technological and marketing issues of wireless mesh networks (WMN). Such networks allow building self-organized and self-healing architectures where all nodes are equally involved in the transport of video, voice and data, making decisions based on information received from neighbours. The network responds on each failure, and because it has in-built redundancy, re-routes traffic from a place of failure.
Aether
Alereon
Artimi
Airbee
Amber
Atheros
BBN
Belkin
BelAir
Broadcom
Chipcon
Cirronet
Cisco
Crossbow
Camero
decaWave
Duolog
Eazix
Dust Networks
Ember
Falcom
Foxboro-Invensys
Focus
Freescale
Helicomm
Jennic
Intel
IWT
IPMobileNet
Luxoft Labs
FireTide
Foxboro-Invensys
M&R Lawugger GmbH
Marvell
Maxstream
MeshDynamics
Millennial Net
Moteiv
Metalink
MeshNetworks
Mitre
Multispectral
Motorola
Nanotron
NEC
Netgear
NexGen City
Northrop Grumman
Nortel
NovaRoam
Octave Technologies
Oki
Parco
PacketHop
Proxim
Rajant
Renesas
Ruckus
Linksys
Sensoria
Sensicast
Silicon Laboratories
SIAE
SiGe
SkyPilot Networks
Staccato
Strix
Qorvus
Telegesis
Tropos
TriQuint
Time Domain
Tzero
Ubiwave
Ubisense
Wisair
WiQuest
ZMD
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