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Advances in Biotechnology for Chemical Manufacture - Part 2
Frost & Sullivan, December 2003
Blockbuster Biopharmaceutical Drugs Propel Growth of Pharma Majors
Exciting and innovative developments in biotechnology have opened a plethora of opportunities for the pharmaceuticals industry in the form of biopharmaceutical drugs. More than 20 percent of new medicines launched in 2003 were produced using biotechnology, and nearly 80 percent of those under development either use biotechnology or are derived from it. Many pharmaceutical companies have stepped up their biotech-oriented initiatives to develop blockbuster drugs that are likely to elevate them as global leaders in the world biopharmaceuticals market with an estimated worth of nearly $30 billion in 2003. Additionally, joint efforts between biotech and chemical companies are also underway to develop advanced biotech process platforms that will eliminate traditional processes involved in chemical synthesis while enabling cost-effective production of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) from glucose.
This research showcases some of the exhilarating developments in the manufacture of biotech-based chemicals besides providing wide-ranging information on patents, drug and vaccine approvals, and registered biopesticides. The principal focus of the research is confined to application of biotechnology in the health sciences industry: antibiotics, vitamins and biopharmaceuticals, biopolymers, biocatalysts, and biotech pest control.
Focus on Sustainable and Profitable Bioprocessing Govern Polymers Production
Researchers across the world are currently focusing on production of biopolymers - particularly biodegradable plastics - through cost-effective industrial bioprocessing. Another top priority is safe and sustainable development that involves shifting the procurement of carbon - the key source for manufacturing polymers - from petroleum to renewable energy sources such as corn and biomass. Companies are expediting these initiatives by reinvesting more than 50 percent of their revenues in R&D so that it could eventually result in expanding the market horizons of biopolymers, comments the analyst.
Recently, Cargill Dow LLC, a U.S. based company, has successfully commissioned a world-class manufacturing facility with more than 300-million-pound capacity for polyactic acid (PLA) polymer production from corn that is likely to enable a 50 percent savings in fossil fuel usage. This, along with a few other award-winning biotech-based processes, in 2003 might just be the preamble for the upcoming commercial success in the polymer market that is worth a whopping $30 billion in the United States alone.
Biopesticides - the Best Way to Eradicate Pests
The global market for insect-control products is estimated at $12 billion annually. Among the products, biopesticides are unquestionably taking giant strides as the most effective method to counter pests. Microbial pesticides such as Bacilluis thuringiensis (Bt) - a naturally occurring soil bacterium producing proteins that are active against certain insects - are directly applied to targets susceptible to insect species. They are also incorporated into the plants through genetic modifications. Many other biopesticides, mostly based on a subspecies and strains of Bt, are also proliferating in the market.
Although primarily meant for agricultural applications, the market turf for pesticides is growing rapidly, comments the analyst. The emphasis from regulatory agencies to reduce the use of chemical pesticides is likley to widen the market reach of biopesticides. Besides biopesticides, bioprocesses are likely to be used extensively in many industries, says the analyst. The mere fact that 99 percent of uncultured microbial species in the environment have not been catalogued is a signpost for the endless opportunities for application of biotechnology.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
1. Overview
2. Scope and Methodology
Technology Description
1. Overview
2. Key Developments
2 TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION AND KEY BIOTECH APPLICATIONS
Defining Biotechnology
1. Literal Definitions
2. OECD Definitions
The Colors of Biotechnology
1. White and Red Biotech
2. Where Green Chemistry Fits in the Story
Historical Perspective--A Timeline
1. Up to 1953
2. Since 1953
Important Applications
1. In the Health Sciences
2. Biopolymers
3. Biocatalysts
4. Biotech Pest Control
5. Other Important Microbial Applications
3 THE TECHNOLOGIES OF BIOTECH
Microbes and Enzymes
1. Microbes
2. Enzymes
Some Bio Technologies
1. Biocatalysis--Bioinformatics
2. Bio-Nanotechnology--Cell Culturing
3. Combinatorial Chemistry and Microarray Technology
4. Directed Molecular Evolution
5. Genetic Modification
6. Microbial Fermentation
7. Molecular Cloning--Recombinant DNA
4 MARKET ANALYSIS
Industry Statistics
1. Basic Facts
2. Industry Financing
Status of Some Major Markets
1. Health Sciences
2. Biopesticides
3. Biopolymers
4. Industrial Enzymes
Market Drivers
1. Environmental Concerns
2. Sustainable from Feedstock to Landfill
3. Improving Processes
Market Challenges
1. Competition
2. The Cost Factor
3. Regulations
The Biotechnology Century
1. The Biotechnology Century
2. Fine Chemicals
5 THE MAJOR PLAYERS: COMPANIES
Asian-Based Companies
1. Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd--Aiming a World Leading Company in Biotechnology
2. Mercian Corporation--Fermentation and Bioconversion Specialists
European-Based Companies
1. BASF--Biocatalysis and Plant Biotechnology
2. Direvo Biotech AG--Screening-Based Directed Evolution of Genes and Proteins
3. DSM N.V.--A Biotechnology Leader
4. Hydrios Biotechnology Oy--Novel Microbial D-Mannitol Production Process
5. Lonza Group Ltd --Microbial Fermentation--Biotransformation--and More
6. Novozymes A/S--Industrial Enzymes
7. Prophyta Biologischer Pflanzenschutz GmbH--Biological Disease Control for Plants
North American-Based Companies
1. AgraQuest Inc. --Environmentally Friendly Pest Management Products
2. Albany Molecular Research Inc.--Integrating Chemistry and Biology for Contract R&D
3. Amgen Inc.--Bio-Pharma Leader
4. Cargill Dow LLC --Proprietary Polylactide Biopolymers
5. Chromatin Inc. --Novel Gene Delivery Technology
6. Diversa Corporation--Novel Products from Genes and Gene Pathways
7. Dow AgroSciences LLC--Award-Winning Natural-Product Pesticide
8. DuPont Bio-Based Materials--Green Chemistry Goals Being Realized
9. Genencor International Inc. --Biocatalysts and Biochemicals for Industrial and Health Care Markets
10. Genomatica Inc.--Modeling Microbe Metabolism to Enhance Bioprocesses
11. Maxygen Inc./ Codexis Inc. --Proprietary Directed Molecular Evolution Technologies
12. Metabolix Inc. --Biodegradable Plastics from Renewable Resources
13. Microbia Inc. --Harnessing Microbial Circuitry
14. zuChem Inc. --Specializing in Unique Glycochemicals
6 R&D: PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS. CASE STUDIES
European R&D
1. Biotechnological Institute--Enzyme Technology
2. European Bioinformatics Institute--Databases and R&D in Bioinformatics and Computational Molecular Biology
3. German Research Center for Biotechnology--Metabolic Pathways Used In Fermentation of Glycerol to Propanediol
4. Helsinki University of Technology--Production Process for Rare Sugars
5. Technical University of Denmark--Multidisciplinary Research to Develop Novel Fermentation Processes
North American R&D
1. Alberta Research Council--Biocontrol for Canola Plant Fungus Disease
2. Montana State University--Study of Genetic Exchange in Hot Spring Microbial Mats
3. Scripps Institution of Oceanography--Marine Microorganisms Provide a Resource for Novel Drug Leads
4. University of Connecticut--Spider Venom Base for Safe Biopesticide
5. University of Florida--Unique Biopesticide
6. University of Massachusetts--Extremophile Microbes
7. University of Texas at Austin--New Protein Holds Promise for Antibiotic Research
8. USDA-ARS--Natural Compound May Control Losses from Snails
9. USDA-ARS--Plant Polymer Research
10. Washington State University--Investigating the Biosynthesis of Taxol
Case Studies
1. Enzyme Catalyzed Process for the Manufacture of Cephalosporin
2. Bioprocess for the Production of S-chloropropionic Acid
3. Enzymatic Production of Acrylamide
4. Enzyme Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyesters
7 REFERENCES--RESOURCES--GLOSSARY
References and Summary Contact Information
1. References
2. Summary Contact Information
Glossary - US Patents
1. Glossary
2. Select Patents
Selected US Patents 2002-2003
1. Selected US Patents 2002-2003
2. Selected US Patents 2002-2003
8 TECHNICAL INSIGHTS 2003 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AWARDS
Technology Innovation
1. Award Description
2. Award Recipient
Technology Leadership
1. Award Description
2. Award Recipient
9 DECISION SUPPORT DATABASE
Decision Support Database
1. Decision Support Database--Number of European Patent Office Biotechnology Patents Filed and Granted Per Country
2. Decision Support Database--Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure Per Country and Region from 1996 through 2004
3. Decision Support Database--Government R&D Investment in Biotechnology per Region and Country from 1996 through 2004
4. Decision Support Database--Government and Private R&D Investment in Biotechnology per a Percentage of Total Government Healthcare Expenditure from 1996 through 2004
5. Decision Support Database--Government R&D Investment in Private Investment in Biotechnology (Millions of USD) from 1996 through 2004
6. Decision Support Database--Wheat Production Estimates per Region and Country from 1996 through 2004
7. Decision Support Database--Corn Production Estimates per Region and Country from 1996 through 2004
8. Decision Support Databases--Biological Manufacturers
9. Decision Support Databases--Biotech Companies
10. Decision Support Databases--Employees in Biotech Companies
11. Decision Support Databases--Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies
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